CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
F. Data Analysis Technique
The data obtained from class control and experimental class research would be analyzed with SPSS version 16 to answer the question “Is there any positive effect or effectiveness of using dictation method toward the students’
in teaching writing ability especially in recount text at ten graders of SMA Negeri 1 Seputih Raman’’. Researchers used independent samples t-test to
analysis score between control class and experimental class. Independent samples t-test was used to determine whether there was a difference in the mean of the two unpaired samples. In this research researcher used parametric statistical significance tests.
1. Prerequisite Tests
Parametric statistical significance tests, such as analysis of variance and least squares regression, are widely used by writers in many disciplines, including, statistics parametric tests to produce accurate results, the assumptions underlying them such as normality and homogeneity test must be satisfied37. Based on definition above, to get the accurate result, the researcher had to do some tests such as normality test and homogeneity test before analysis the data.
a. Normality test
Test for normality calculate the probability that the sample was drawn from the normal population. The researcher used SPSS version 16 to analysis normality test.
Ho: If the significance value < 0,05, the data was not normal Ha: If the significance value > 0,05, the data was normal
The criteria of acceptance or rejection of normality test as following:
Ho was accepted if sig < α = 0.05 Ha was accepted if sig > α = 0.05
37 M. Erceg-Hurn, Modern Robust Statistical Method., (Crawley: American Psychological Association, 2008), p. 591
b. Homogeneity
The Homogeneity Test was the test performed to determine two or more of the data samples comes from the population has variants the same (homogeny). In this research, the researcher used statistical computation by using SPSS version 16 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences).
The hypotheses for the homogeneity test as following:
Ho = The variance of the data was not homogeneous Ha = The variance of the data was homogeneous
The criteria of acceptance or rejection of hypothesis test as following:
Ho was accepted if sig < α = 0.05 Ha was accepted if sig > α = 0.05 2. Hypothetical Test
After the researcher knew that the data was normal and homogeneous, the data were analyzed by using sample T-test, to know the significance of the treatment effect. If our significances is less than 0,05 to indicated statistical significances.38 The researcher used SPSS version 16 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) to process the data in normality test, homogeneity test, and T-test.
38 Daniel mujis. Doing Quantitative Research In Education With Spss.
London.2004.P134
The Researcher Formulates The Hypotheses as follows:
H0 : The dictation method is not effective in teaching writing ability especially in recount text at tenth graders of SMA Negeri 1 Seputih Raman.
Ha : The dictation method is effective in teaching writing ability especially in recount text at tenth graders of SMA Negeri 1 Seputih Raman
The criteria of acceptance or rejection of hypothetical test were:
Ha was accepted if Sig. < α = 0.05 Ho was accepted if Sig. > α = 0.05
The writer would apply inferential statistic to find out the significant different between post-test in experimental group and post-test in control group. The formula as follow:
t = observed difference between sample means
standard error of the difference between the means or
x̅
1- x̅
2t
=s x̅1-x̅
2
3 9
x̅
1 =is the mean for sample 1x̅
2=is the mean for sample 2 s x̅1-x̅
2 =is the standard error of the difference between the means40
40 Timothy C. Urdan, Statisctic in plain English (London : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates),93
CHAPTER IV
RESULT OF THE RESEARCH
A. Description of Data 1. Research Setting
a. Brief Story of SMAN 1 Seputih Raman
This research was conducted at SMAN 1 Seputih Raman. Based on the document, SMA N 1 Seputih Raman is the only public high school in the Seputih Raman sub-district, Central Lampung Regency, Lampung.
This school was located in the village of Rama Murti, Seputih Raman sub-district. Founded in 2001 or more precisely has been established for 19 years. In the history, SMA N 1 Seputih Raman has experienced 5 changes in school principals including:
1. Drs. H. Wibowo,M.Pd. (2001-2008) 2. Drs. H. Suwoko ,M.Pd. (2008-2009) 3. Drs. H. Maksum Yusuf (2009-2012) 4. Drs. Stepanus Warsito,M.Pd.(2012-2017) 5. Drs. Nyoman Suarmo,M.M (2017- Until Now )
This school is one of the high schools that implements the Full day school system. Students enter from 7:15 a.m. to 3:15 p.m. This means that by using this system students only attend school until Friday while for Saturdays and Sundays students can continue studying at their respective home.
b. List of Teachers and Staff of SMA Negeri 1 Seputih Raman.
SMA N 1 Seputih Raman was a senior high school located in Seputih Raman. This school has a total of 38 teachers and staff. It was to supported the learning process activities for students.
Consisting of 19 male teachers and 19 female teachers. As for the details as following:
Table 4.1
Teachers and Staff of SMA Negeri 1 Seputih Raman
No. Name Sex
1 Drs. Nyoman Suarmo, MM Male
2 I Wayan Dunia, S.Pd. Male
3 Drs. I Nengah Sudarma Male
4 SuwardI,S.Pd.,M.Pd. Male
5 Yuliana Setyowati, S.Pd.M.M. Female
6 Umi Zumroh, S.Pd.,M.Pd. Female
7 Drs. Edi Susanto Male
8 Drs. Syamsuri Male
9 Sehnyoadi, S.Pd. Male
10 Dwi Andariyani, S.Pd. Female
11 I Made Sunarjaya, S.Pd. Male
12 Drs. Katno Male
13 Drs. Supardi Male
14 Dedy Kurniawan, S.Pd. Male
15 Efriyani, S.Pd. Female
16 Oriza Kurnia Widarti, S.E. Female
17 Asfar, S.Ag.M.Pd.I Male
18 Ni Ketut Sunarmi, S.Ag. Female
19 Dra. Sri Susilowati Male
20 Drs. Budi Rahmanto Male
21 Drs. I Gusti Nyoman Alit Purwa Male
22 Sri Rahayu Agustina, S.Pd. Female
23 Endang Martilawati, S.Pd. Female
24 Heriani, S.Sos. Female
25 Eli Nurhidayati, S.Pd. Female
26 Suprapti, S.Pd. Female
27 Susiani, S.Pd. Female
28 Atet Wiyana, S.Pd. Male
29 Fahrudin, S.Pd. Male
30 Rohmaneli, S.Pd. Female
31 Sukur, S.Pd. Male
32 Mochamad Muzayin, S.Ag. Male
33 I Wayan Sujaya, S.Pd. Male
34 I Nyoman Marianti, S.Pd. Female
35 Yuli Setiowati, S.Pd Female
36 Wiwik Fitri Handayani, S.Pd. Female
37 Ning Suropati, S.Pd. Female
38 Wayan Sri Kartini, S.Sn
Female
c. The Infrastructure Facilities
Overall, the facilities and infrastructure available at SMA Negeri 1 Seputih Raman was very adequate, it can be seen from the list of supporting infrastructure under the learning process below:
Electrical power : 6,000 volt Surface area : 15,000 M²
1). Total Classroom at SMA Negeri 1 Seputih Raman.
This school has a very large number of classes or study rooms, about twenty nine. This greatly supports the learning process carried out by the teacher. The total of classroom can be seen below:
Table 4.2
Total Classroom at SMA Negeri 1 Seputih Raman
No Name Total Class
1 X IPA (sciences class) 5
2 X IPS (social class) 4
3 XI IPA (sciences class) 6
4 XI IPS (social class) 4
5 XII IPA (sciences class) 5
6 XII IPS (social class) 5
TOTAL 29
2). Total Laboratory at SMA Negeri 1 Seputih Raman.
SMA N 1 Seputih Raman has two majors, namely social and science classes. So, the laboratory needed to support the learning activity process. It was to make it easier for students to
practice. This school had six laboratories. The details of the number Laboratory at SMA Negeri 1 Seputih Raman as following:
Table 4.3
Total Laboratory at SMA Negeri 1 Seputih Raman.
Laboratory Total
Biology 1
Chemistry 1
Physics 1
Language Laboratory 0
Social Laboratory 1
Library 1
Computer 1
Total 6
B. Result of the Research
1. Result of Pre-test in Experimental Class
The pre-test was administered on Monday, September 28th, 2020. It was the first meeting,the writer conducted pre-test order to find out the previous students ability in recount text writing. The scores of students’ text tested in pre-test in the experimental class could be seen bellow:
Table 4.4
Result of Pre-test in Experimental Class
No Scale of Score Total of Students Percentage
1 51-54 4 14,81 %
2 55-58 4 14,81 %
3 59-62 4 14,81 %
4 63-66 5 18,51 %
5 67-70 3 11,11%
6 71-74 7 25,92 %
Total 27 Students 100%
Maximum score 74
Minimum score 51
Median 63
Standard Derivation 7,301
Mean/ Average 63
Variance 53,308
Figure 4.1
Result of Pre-test in Experimental Class
Based on table and figure, it could be seen that 4 students got score 50-54 (14,81%), 4 students got score 55-58 (14,81%), 4 students got score 59-62 (14,81%), 5 students got score 63-66 (18,51%), 3 students got score 67-70 (11,11%) and 7 students got score 71-74 (25,92%). The mean of pre- test in experimental class was 63.00, standard of deviation was 7,301, N was 27, median. was 63.00, variance was 53,308, minimum score was 51.00 and maximum score was 74.00. The minimum standard criteria for English is 70, and based on data above only 7 students (26%) got score more than minimum mastery criteria (MMC ). 20 students got score fail in level for the score <70 (74% ), it means that most of students get low score.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Score 51-54 Score 55-58 Score 59-62 Score 63-66 Score 67-70 Score 71-74
Score of Pre Test in Experimental Class ( X IPA 1)
Score of Pre Test in Experimental Class ( X IPA 1)
2. Result of Pre-test in Control Class
The writer also gave pre-test in control class to know their recount text writing ability. It was administered on Wednesday, September 30th, 2020. The scores of students’ text tested in pre-test in the control class could be seen bellow:
Table 4.5
Result of Pre-test in Control Class
No Scale of Score Total of Students Percentage
1 51-54 7 25,92 %
2 55-58 2 7,40 %
3 59-62 6 22,22 %
4 63-66 6 22,22 %
5 67-70 3 11,11%
6 71-75 3 11,11%
Total 27 Students 100%
Maximum score 75
Minimum score 51
Median 62
Standard Derivation 6,729
Mean/ Average 61,85
Variance 45,285
Figure 4.2
Result of Pre-test in Control Class
Based on table and figure, It could be seen that 7 students got score 51-54 (25,92%), 2 students got score 55-58 (7,40%), 6 students got score 59-62 (22,22%),6 students got score 63-66 (22,22%), 3 students got score 67-70 (11,11%) and 3 students got score 71-75 (11,11%) . The mean of pre- test in control class was 61,85, standard of deviation was 6,729 N was 27, median was 62,00, variance was 45.285, minimum score was 51.00 and maximum score was 75.00. The minimum standard criteria for English is 70, and based on data above only 4 students (14,81%) got score more than minimum mastery criteria (MMC ). 23 students got score fail in level for the score <70 (85,18%), it means that most of students get low score.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Score 51-54 Score 55-58 Score 59-62 Score 63-66 Score 67-70 Score 71-75
Result of Pre Test in Control Class ( X IPS 1 )
Result of Pre Test in Control Class ( X IPS 1 )
3. Data Analysis of the Treatment a. First meeting
The first meeting was held on Monday, October 05th, 2020. Each treatment lasted for 60 minutes. In the first treatment the students looked nervous. Researcher explained the material to the students, in this research was recount text. So, they got some general illustration about the recount text. The writer explained about recount text, especially theme and the generic structure of recount text. The topic in the first treatment is “Holiday”.
The writer explained of dictation method that was used. In here the researcher explained what dictation method and how the procedure of dictation method. After that, the writer started to read the recount text about holiday for several time at normal speed and after they have listened the recount text they must write from their memory, if necessary they can add their own words. After they finished in the end of the lesson the writer and students discussed together about their writing.
b. Second treatment
In the second treatment the writer administered on Monday, October 12th, 2020. Like previous treatment in each treatment lasted for 60 minutes. The second treatment was better than the first, because the students did not look nervous anymore and they enjoyed the materials given. The topic in the second treatment is “My holiday in bali”.
After explaining about the material, the writer told the students that they did exercise while do dictation method like the first treatment.
The procedure was same with the previous treatment. After that the writer and students discussed together, then the writer gave chance to the students to ask if they had difficulty.
c. Third treatment
In the third treatment the writer administered on Monday, October 19th, 2020. Like previous treatment in each treatment lasted for 60 minutes. It was better than before because the students felt in accustomed in teaching learning process through dictation method. In this session, the writer discussed about topic “ A trip to the zoo “.
After explaining about the material, the writer told the students that they did exercise based on the topic given while using dictation method like the first and the second treatment. The procedure was same with the previous treatments. The students looked interesting in teaching learning process, they enjoyed the material given and enthusiastic to do the task.
4. Result of Post-test in Experimental Class
The writer conducted post-test in order to find out the students’
increase in writing recount text after they got treatment by using dictation method. The post-test was administered on Monday, October 26th, 2020.
The scores of students’ text tested in post-test in the experimental class could be seen bellow:
Table 4.6
Result of Post-test in Experimental Class
No Scale of Score Total of Students Percentage
1 64-67 6 22,22 %
2 68-71 2 7,40 %
3 72-75 5 18,51 %
4 76-79 4 14,81 %
5 80-83 3 11,11 %
6 84-87 7 25,92 %
Total 27 Students 100%
Maximum score 87
Minimum score 62
Median 76
Standard Derivation 7,661
Mean/ Average 76,07
Variance 58,681
Figure 4.3
Result of Post-test in Experimental Class
Based on table and figure, it could be seen that 6 students got score 64-67 (22,22%), 2 students got score 68-71 (7,40%), 5 students got score 72-75 (18,51%), 4 students got score 76-79 (14,81%), 3 students got score 80- 83 (11,11%) and 7 students got score 84-87 (25,92%). The mean of that post-test in experimental class was 76,07 standard of deviation was 7,661, N was 27, median was 76, variance was 58,687 minimum score was 64.00 and maximum score was 87.00. The minimum standard criteria for English is 70, and based on data above 19 students (70,37%) got score more than minimum mastery criteria (MMC ). Only 8 students got score
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Score 64-67 Score 68-71 Score 72-75 Score 76-79 Score 80-83 Score 84-87
Score Post- Test Experimental Class (X IPA1)
Score Post- Test Experimental Class (X IPA1)
fail in level for the score <70 (29,62%), it means that most of students get score more than minimum mastery criteria (MMC).
5. Result of Post-test in Control Class
The writer also conducted post-test in control class in order to find out the students’ development in writing recount text after they got treatment by using brainstorming technique. The post-test was administered on Wednesday, October 07th,2020. The scores of students’ text tested in post- test in the control class could be seen bellow:
Table 4.7
Result of Post-test in Control Class
No Scale of Score Total of Students Percentage
1 62-64 8 29,62 %
2 65-67 4 14,81 %
3 68-70 6 22,22 %
4 71-73 4 14,81 %
5 74-77 3 11,11 %
6 78-81 2 7,40 %
Total 27 Students 100%
Maximum score 81
Minimum score 62
Median 68
Standard Derivation 5,263
Mean/ Average 68,81
Variance 27,695
Figure 4.4
Result of Post-test in Control Class
Based on table and figure, it could be seen that 8 students got score 62-64 (29,62%), 4 students got score 65-67 (14,81%), 6 students got score 68-70 (22,22%), 4 students got score 71-73 (14,81%), 3 students got score 74-77 (11,11%) and 2 students got score 78-81 (7,40%). The mean of that post-test in control class was 68,81, standard of deviation was 5,263, N
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
62- 64 65 -67 68-70 71-73 74-77 78-81
Result of Post Test In Control Class ( X IPS 1)
Result of Post Test in Control Class ( X IPS 1)
was 27, median was 68.00, variance was 27,695, minimum score was 62.00 and maximum score was 81.00. The minimum standard criteria for English is 70, and based on data above only 11 students (40,74%) got score more than minimum mastery criteria (MMC ) and 16 students got score fail in level for the score <70 (59,25%). It means that most of students get low score.
C. Data Analysis
1. Result of Normality Test
The researcher tested normality test after got score of the students in writing ability at control class and experimental class. The normality test serves to determine whether the residual value was normally distributed or not.
a. The hypotheses are :
Ha: The data have normal distribution if sig value > 0,05 Ho: The data do not have normal distribution if sig value < 0,05
Table 4.8 Tests of Normality
Class
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
The result study of students
control class .148 27 .133 .931 27 .074
experimental class .151 27 .118 .912 27 .025
Based on Table, it can be seen that Sig. (p value) in the table of Kolmogorov-Smimova in control class was 0,133 than in experimental class was 0.118 and standard sig value is > α = 0.05. It means that Sig. (p value) in both of classes was bigger than sig value. So, based on the data, it can be concluded that the data was normal distribution.
2. Result of Homogeneity Test
The Homogeneity Test is test performed to determine two or more of the data samples comes from the population has variants the same (homogeny).
The writer tested Homogeneity test after he got score of student in control class and experimental class. The criteria of the test are follows:
Ho : The variance of the data is not homogeneous when sig < α = 0.05 Ha : The variance of the data is homogeneous when sig > α = 0.05
Table 4.9
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
3.825 1 52 .056
Based on the results table obtained in the test of homogeneity of variances in the column, it could be seen that Sig. (P value) = 0,056 and standard sig value is > α = 0.05. It means that Sig. (P value) in the test of
homogeneity was bigger than sig value. So, based on the data, it can be concluded that the variance of the data was homogenous.
3. Result of Hypothetical Test
Based on the previous explanation that the normality and homogeneity tests have met the requirements for the t-test. Therefore, the writer used t-test by independent t-test for hypothetical of test.
The hypotheses as follows:
H0 : The dictation method is not effective in teaching writing ability especially in recount text at tenth graders of SMA Negeri 1 Seputih Raman.
Ha : The dictation method is effective in teaching writing ability especially in recount text at tenth graders of SMA Negeri 1 Seputih Raman . The criteria of acceptance or rejection of the hypothesis for Hypothetical T- Test was as following:
Ha is accepted if Sig value <α 0.05 Ho is accepted if Sig value > α 0.05
Table 4.10
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality of
Variances t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed) Control and Experimental
Class
Equal variances
assumed 5.365 .025 4.058 52 .000
Equal variances not
assumed 4.058 46.070 .000
Based on the result table obtained in the independent sample t-test in the table that the value of significant generated Sig. (Pvalue) = 0.000 and standard value is < α = 0.05. So, the Sig. (Pvalue) is 0.000 was smaller than α = 0.05.
The conclusion from the data analysis, there was a significant difference in students learning result at the experimental class that used a treatment dictation method between the control classes that does not got treatment.
In addition, the mean score of post-test in experimental class was 76,07 and the mean score of post-test in control class was 68,81. It showed that the students’ post-test score in experimental class was higher than students’ post- test score in control class. Based on the result of data analysis, the writer concluded that dictation method was effective to teach students’ recount text in
writing ability in the first semester at the ten graders of SMA N 1 Seputih Raman.
D. Discussion
The started of the research, the researcher described several procedures used to determine students' writing ability in recount text. Several tests were carried out to collect data such as pre-test and post-test. Initial tests were given to know the quality of students' writing ability on recount text before it is given care by the researcher.
To determine the effect of using the dictation method on students,the researcher was carried out in three treatments. At first treatment held on October 05th, 2020. The second treatment was held on October 12th, 2020. The third treatment was carried out on 19th October 2020. From the data obtained, it can be seen that the results of the students' pre-test and post-test scores show a graph of improvement students' post-test was higher than the pre-test.
Based on data analysis, score of T-test by independent sample t-test is 0.000 was smaller than α = 0.05.So, there was a significant difference in result of learning process between in the control class and the experimental class. It means that the used of treatment dictation method has positive affected in the learning process of writing, especially in the recount text.
In addition, the dictation method had effect to students' writing ability especially in recount text because according Nawal Benmostefa dictation helps