CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD RESEARCH METHOD
A. Result of the Research
2. Description of Research Result
Description of research result refers to the research question including of What is the most frequent type of grammatical concordance used in students’ descriptive writing of the tenth graders of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Metro in the academic year of 2020/2021; Why dothe most frequent type of grammatical concordance used in students’
descriptive writing of the tenth graders of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Metro in the academic year of 2020/2021.
a. The Most Frequent Type of Grammatical Concordance in Students’ Descriptive Writing
In collecting the data of the first research question, the researcher used the technique of observation. Therefore, the instrument is observation sheet. The data analysis based on the observation sheet:
1) Concord of Number a) Subject-verb Concord
Subject-verb concord is when asubject counts as singular the verb must be singular, and when a subject counts as plural the verb also must be plural. Some of examples are he knows a secret; they know a secret. Based on the research result, it is investigated that there are 89 sentences of 132 sentences that contain the subject-verb concord in students’ descriptive writing. It means that this
type is often used in students’ descriptive writing.
b) Pronoun Concord
A pronoun which refers back to a singular noun phrase is in the singular, and a pronoun which refers back to a plural noun phrase is in the plural. Some of examples arethe boy likes his toys; the boys like their toys.Based on the research result, it is investigated that there are 41 of 132 sentences that contain the pronoun concord in students’
descriptive writingIt means that pronoun concord is rarely used in students’ descriptive writing.
c) Concord with Group Noun
Concord with group noun is if the subject is a collective noun, but it is meant to be plural, the verb must be plural, and if it is meant to be singular, the verb also must be singular. Some of examples are a large number of people have applied for the job; the audience was enormous.Based on the research result, it is investigated that there are 2 sentences of 132 sentences that contain the concord with group noun in students’ descriptive writing. It means that this type is hardly used in students’ descriptive writing.
d) Concord with Coordinate Subject
When a subject consists of two or more noun phrases coordinated by and, the verb is usually in the plural, for example,Tom and Mary are ready.Based on the result of documentation, it is investigated that there are 2 sentences of 132 sentences that contain the concord with coordinate subject in students’ descriptive writing. It means that this type is hardly used in students’ descriptive writing.
2) Concord of Person
As well as concord of number, there is concord of person.
Be has three forms in the present tense; main verbs have only two; modal auxiliaries have only one. Some of examples are I am a student; he complains with the receptionist; I can come to the party.Based on the research result, it is investigated that there are 85 of 132 sentences that contain the concord of person in students’ descriptive writing. It means that concord of person is often used in students’ descriptive writing.
The data result of observation sheet related with the most frequent type of grammatical concordance in students’ descriptive writing is provided in Appendix 9. The data analysis is illustrated in the following table:
Table 1. The Most Frequent Type of Grammatical Concordance in Students’ Descriptive Writing No. The Most Frequent Type of
Grammatical Concordance Usedin Students’ Descriptive Writing
Frequency Percentage 1. Concord
of Number
a) Subject-verb Concord
89 sentences
67%
b) Pronoun Concord
41 sentences
41%
c) Notional Concord
- -
d) Concord with Group Noun
2 sentences 1,5%
e) Concord with Coordinate Subject
2 sentences 1,5%
f) Concord in Elliptical Construction
- -
g) Concord with Indefinite Expressions of Amount
- -
2. Concord of Person 85
sentences
64%
Based on the tabel above, there are two frequent types of grammatical concordance used in students’ descriptive writing. They are subject-verb concord (67%) and concord of person (64%). Therefore, it was concluded that the most frequent type in students’ descriptive writing is subject-verb concord. It is because the highest percentage (67%) belongs to that type.
b. The Causes of the Most Frequent Type of Grammatical Concordance in Students’ Descriptive Writing
To find out the causes of the most frequent type of grammatical concordance in students’ descriptive writing, the researcher used the instrument of interview with the tenth grade students (15). These questions are developed from theories taken from Douglas Brown.35 Based on the result of interview, the researcher investigated the causes of the most frequent type of grammatical concordance in students’
descriptive writing, including the following:
1) Interlingual transfer
Based on the result of interview, one of the factors that cause the most frequent type of grammatical concordance in students’ descriptive writing is interlingual transfer. It was stated by the students that theydominantly use subject-verb concord because the teacher often provide explanations and examples related to that type than others types. Therefore, the input they get is more intensive in subject-verb concord rather than the other types.
2) Intralingual transfer
Based on the result of interview, one of the factors that cause the most frequent type of grammatical concordance in
35 H Douglas Brown, The Principle of Language Learning And Teaching 4th Edition, (New York: Longman, 2000), p. 223-227.
students’ descriptive writing is intralingual transfer. The students stated that they often use subject-verb concord because it is easy for them to understand this type so they feel comfortable and confident in using subject-verb concord in writing.
3) Context of learning
Based on interview result, it is known that the development of writing topic given by the teacher is directed intensively on the examples of subject-verb concord. Therefore, the input obtained leads to the type in contex of writing.