CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
B. Discussion
Adding phonemes to the Indonesian vocabulary used by Buginese language (BL) speakers.
Stated in chapter II, according to Dola (2011:11), phonology (English Phonology, American Phonemics) is a field of linguistics that investigates language sounds according to their function and is also called phonemics.
Phonology is a branch of linguistics that studies the sound system of language. Meanwhile, phonological variations are language variations found in the field of phonology, which include sound variations and phoneme variations in which there is a process of adding phonemes, changing phonemes and releasing phonemes.26 Phonological differences that occur between areas of observation or between languages arise due to differences in the reflection of prephonemes/protophonemes contained in the prelanguage or protolanguage (Mahsun, 1997: 25). Therefore, researchers analyzed phonological variations in Bugis speakers at MTSS Muhammadiyah Ele, especially speakers from class VII students.
The language variations found in the research results are in various phonological aspects, such as adding phonemes, changing phonemes and removing phonemes. Findings from the addition of phonemes spoken by Bugis (BL) speakers are the addition of the consonant phoneme /ma/ at the beginning of words (prothesis), as in the word [cantik] becomes /macantik/, [volly] becomes /mapolly/ and the word [gombal] becomes /magombal/.
Apart from the addition of phonemes due to prosthesis, researchers also found
26 Abdullah dola..”Linguistik Khusus Bahasa Indonesia”. (Makassar, Badan Penerbit Universitas Negeri Makassar 2011).
phonological variations that occurred due to the process of adding phonemes at the end of words (paragoge), for example in the word [panjang] becomes /panjangji/, the word [dimana] becomes /dimanaki/ and the word [bagaimana]
becomes /bagaimanami/. there are also additional phonemes (paragoge) which occur due to excessive use of consonant phonemes at the end of words.
This is because most Buginese tend to experience excessive /g/ or /ng/
syndrome when they speaking Indonesian, for example the word [papan]
becomes /papang/, the word [jangan] become /jangang/ and the word [belum]
becomes /belung/.
The finding of phonemes changes by Buginese (BL) speakers are the change of a phoneme in a word into a vowel phoneme /e/ and /ǝ/. for example the word [iya] changes to /iye/, and the word [tidak] changes to /ǝndak/. Apart from changes in the vowel phonemes /e/ and /ǝ/, the findings from phoneme changes in this research are changes in the vowel phoneme /o/ in words, for example the word [taruh] changes to /taroh/ and the word [iya] changes to /iyo/.
The finding of the release of phonemes spoken by Bugis (BL) speakers in the first conversation is the loss of a phoneme at the end of a word or what is usually called (apokope), for example the word [banyak] becomes /banya/, the word [cantik] becomes /canti/, the word [kasih] becomes /kasi/, the word [basah] becomes /basa/ and the word [rumah] becomes /ruma/. Apart from that, there is also a release of phonemes at the end of words (apokope) but it is pronounced by tapping the vocal cords as if holding your breath. This form
is called (glottal stop ʔ). included in the release of phonemes (glottal stop ʔ ) are the words /cepa( ʔ )/, /kasi( ʔ )/, /masu( ʔ )/, /lewa( ʔ )/ and /sediki( ʔ )/.
then there is the release of phonemes due to the haplological process, namely the removal or shortening of a syllable to make it easier for Bugis speakers to express words when speaking Indonesian. for example, the word [tidak ada]
experiences haplological release to become /ndada/, while the word [pergi]
becomes /pigi/ and can even become /pi/. Apart from the release of phonemes due to haplological processes, there is also the release of phonemes due to the diphthongization process, namely the process of changing sequential double vowels (ai, au, ei, ua, ia, eo) into single vowel phonemes for example, in the words [pakai] and [sampai] which release the diphthong phoneme (ai) it changes to /pake/ and /sampe/. then the word [kalau] also experiences the release of the diphthong phoneme (au) and changes to /kalo/.
All the sounds of these words have various language variations, but still maintain the meaning of the words so that they do not cause confusion when communicating. In general, language variations have various phonological aspects, namely changing phonemes, adding phonemes, deleting phonemes, and replacing phonemes. From the research results found, it can be described as follows, that of the four phonological aspects there are three uses of the phonological aspects found in this research. If this research is linked to the results of previous studies which are used as reference material. not much significant difference.
The first research was, Eli Marlina Harahap (2014) entitled Phonological Variation and Lexicon of the Angkola Dialect, Sialagundi Village in Aek Garugur Village, South Tapanuli Regency. This research aims to describe the phonological and lexicon variations of the Angkola dialect in Sialagundi Aek Village, Garugur Village, South Tapanuli Regency. The research was conducted using direct interviews and recording equipment. The data is then categorized based on nouns, verbs and adjectives using the Swadesh formula. The results of the research show that the phonological variations of the Angkola dialect in Sialagundi Village are not much different and there are differences in the consonant 'KK' and the use of the word "ng"
in Aek Garugur Village. The cause of this difference is geographical factors because Sialagundi Village is closer to the border of North Tapanuli Regency which uses the vocabulary "Batak Toba", while Aek Garugur Village is closer to the border of Mandailing Natal Regency which uses the vocabulary
"Mandailing".27
Second, Abdul Rahman's thesis (2016) entitled Bugis Phonological Interference and Its Influence on Good and Correct Use of Indonesian, which states that language errors made by FKIP Unismuh Makassar students are errors due to the habit of using their first language in that language. everyday life. day and language competency. Mistakes made unconsciously are caused
27Eli Marlina, please. "Phonological Variation and Lexicon of the Angkola Dialect, Sialagundi Village in Aek Garugur Village, South Tapanuli Regency." (Journal of Muhammadiyah University of South Tapanuli. Vol II Number 2 July -December 2014).
by a lack of understanding of the phoneme structure of the two languages used.28
the last one is the research was carried out by Ika Mamik Rahayu in 2012 in her thesis entitled "Javanese Dialect Variations in the Ngawi Regency Area: Dialectological Study". In this research, it is explained that in the Ngawi area there are variations of Javanese dialect which are shown through descriptions in the phonological and lexical fields as well as making a map of Javanese dialect variations in the research area. This research found that in the Ngawi area, the dialect used refers to the Central Java dialect even though Ngawi is actually included in the East Java region.29
Judging from previous research, in this study it is very clear that there are differences and similarities between the two authors mentioned. The difference is, if you look closely when compared with the research of Eli Marlina Harahap and Abdul Rahman, both of them have different targets to research. The aim of this research is to determine variations in the phonology of Bugis language among junior high school students when speaking Indonesian. Meanwhile, the research journal Eli Marlina Harahap revealed variations in the phonology and lexicon of the Angkola dialect of Silagundi Village in Aek Garugur Village, South Tapanuli Regency. While Abdul Rahman's thesis seeks to find out phonological interference and its influence
28 Abdul Rahman. "Bugis Phonological Interference and Its Influence on Good and Correct Use of Indonesian". (Makassar:
University of Muhammadiyah Makassar 2016)
29 Ika Mamik Rahayu, “Variation In Java Dialect Ngawi District Region:
Review Dialectology”.(Surabaya: Media Volume Skriptorium, 2012)
on the good and correct use of Indonesian in the Unismuh Makassar campus community.
The similarity of the research by the two authors is that they both study or analyze the phonology and data sources studied by the same community. The research raised is a variation of phonology. Research in the journal Eli Marlina Harahap similarly examines phonological variations, but not only examines the problems of phonological variations, but also examines problems regarding the Angkola dialect lexicon. Abdul Rahman's thesis research also examines phonology, namely phonological interference and its influence on the use of good and correct Indonesian Language (IL).
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
This chapter presents the conclusion and some suggestion related to the research findings which were discussed previously.