CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
B. Suggestion
Based on the findings in this research, there are things that need to be suggested, including;
1. The author hopes that all speakers of Bugis and other regional languages will pay attention to language rules in communicating, especially in a formal environment;
2. The Bugis language, which is the native language of the people of Barru Regency, has many polemics that must be studied. Among them are language errors and maintenance of the Bugis language, so this research must be carried out continuously so that these problems can be resolved;
3. To the school or parties who are in a formal environment so that if they are accustomed to using good Indonesian in accordance with the rules of Indonesian language;
4. For future researcher who will research the phonological variations of language, especially Bugis to Indonesian, a researcher must be able to master sounds or phonemes, of course by understanding what material is the focus of research.
5. As a continuation of this research, it is hoped that future researcher will conduct research on the phonological variations of the Bugis language so that they can add to the latest discoveries that have not been discovered by previous researcher in this research. In the future, students/colleagues who wish to conduct research, especially in the field of Indonesian language and literature education, can use this research as reference material.
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Tarigan, Henry Guntur. 1988. Pengajaran Kedwibahasaan. Bandung: Angkasa.
Tupa, Nursiah. 2009. Gejala Bahasa dalam Bahasa Makassar. Jurnal Sawerigading (Online). Vol 15 Nomor 2 Agustus 2009, 296.
http://sawerigading.web.id/index.php/sawerigading/article/download/60/60 Wikipedia . 2019. “Kabupaten Barru”, ( Online), (diakses 15 April 2016).
Hardani, Andriani, H.., Ustiawaty, J., Utami, E.F., Istiqomah, R.R., Fardani, R.A., Sukmana, D.J., & Auliya, N.H. “Metode Penelitian Kualitatif & Kuantitatif”.
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Kentjono, Djoko (Ed.). “Dasar-dasar Linguistik Umum”. (Jakarta: Fak Sastra UI 1982)
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APPENDIX I
RESEARCH DATA CORPUS
VARIATION OF INDONESIAN PHONOLOGY IN BUGIS LANGUAGE SPEAKER JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL (SMP) STUDENTS IN
BARRU DISTRICT
Research Scope Conversation Information
P H O N O L O G I C A L
V A R I A T I O N
PHONEME ADDITION
Percakapan pertama : R :Biasanya jam berapa
istirahat disini dek?
I : jam 10 kak, tapi ada juga guru suka sekali na kasi lewa wattu kak R : owh jadi biasa lewat
dari jam istirahat ta di?
I : iye kak tapi endak ji kah panjangji biasa waktu istirahat
T : dimanaki tinggal kak R : di Barru kota ka saya dek
T: Oh to berru mi pale, pantas macanti
I : puah, magombala si R : jadi biasanya kalau
1. there is an additional sound at the beginning or end of a word as in the conversation above, namely adding the phoneme /ma/ at the beginning of a word which is usually called a prosthesis
ma+cantik = /macanti/
ma+gombal= /magombala/
ma+volly=/mavolly
2. Addition of phonemes can also occur due to the addition of consonant phonemes at the end of a word or commonly known as paragoge. as in the conversation example above which has the addition of the phonemes /ji/, /ki/ and consonant phoneme /g/
Ji+ [Panjang] = /panjangji/
Ki+[dimana] ¿ dimanaki/
g+[teman] ¿ /temang/
jam istirahat ngapain dek?
I : kalo saya pigi ka mavolly dilapangan kak.
T : aiii. Saya di kelasja kerja tugas, banya tong temang ku pigi ji tidur.
Percakapan kedua :
L : eyy adaga pulpenmu lagi satu, pinjamka eh S : aihh ndda e. satuji L : temanika pale pi belli di kanting
S : awwe kau tu marompa sekali
L : sila panggil Fatian pi makan nasi kuning!
S : Tidak maui masih kenyangi gare
1. There are additional consonant phonemes at the end of words (paragoge). The additional consonant
phonemes in question are the phonemes /ka/, /ji/, and /ga/.
Ka+ [pinjam] ¿ /pinjamka/
Ka+ [temani] ¿ /temanika/
Ji+ [satu] ¿ /satuji/
2. Apart from adding consonant phonemes at the end of words, there are also additions of vowel phonemes (i) at the end of words which can be
classified as follows.
I+ [mau] → /maui/
I+ [kenyang] → /kenyangi/
3. The addition of a phoneme at the end of a word, there is also the addition of the phoneme /L/ in the middle of a word which is called Epenthesis.
L+ [beli] → /belli/
Percakapan ketiga :
G : hapus dulu papang tulismu
M : jangang mi saya endak sampe ka, kauna kautosi tinggi
A : iya’ si pale G : baja melli ko penghapusna kumpulu kumpuluko doi ta sisebbumu. Dari pada pake kertas ko mahapus capputtu bobbo’ mu tuli mu kape’
M : iyeee pak
1. The Bugis tend to experience excessive /g/ or /ng/
syndrome when speaking Indonesian, this causes many of these phonemes to be added at the end of words.
g+ [papan] → /papang/
g+ [jangan] → /jangang/
2. another phoneme addition, namely adding the sound /u/
at the end of a word (paragoge).
U+[kumpul] ¿ /kumpulu/
Percakapan keempat : N : eh asna manai waemu
A : kenapai. Mo ko minung?
N : moka minta air minummu sedikit e, madekka ka
A : di samping ku taroh N : minta ka na endak ku gessa ji
A : iyo minum mi tapi awasko kasi basa tasku
1. The addition of phonemes occurs due to the presence of consonant phonemes and vowel phonemes at the end of words (paragoge). The additional phonemes in question are the consonant phonemes /ng/, and the vowel phoneme /i/
ng+ [minum] → /minung/
i+ [kenapa] → /kenapai/
i+ [mana] = /manai/
Percakapan kelima :
G : sampai saat ini sudah paham semua?
I : belung pi ku pahangi pak
R : iyee pak, bisa kita ulangi satu kali pi G : kalo begitu kita ulangi lagi penjelasannya na, baru dilanjutkan
1. There are additional consonant phonemes and vowel phonemes at the end of words (paragoge). The additional phoneme in question is the consonant phoneme /ng/.
ng+[belum] → /belung/
ng+[paham] →
dengan pengerjaan tugas M : iyeee pak
G : bagamanami tugasnya sudahmi?
M : deppa pak, sedikipi G : kalo pulangki ruma ta, ulangi yaro purae iyaggurui nah
M : iye pak G : ingat tugasta dikerjakan
/Pahang/
2. There are also additional phonemes at the end of other words, namely the consonant phonemes /mi/ and /ta/
mi+ [bagaimana] → /bagaimanami/
mi+ [sudahmi] → /sudahmi/
ta+ [tugas] → /tugasta/
Percakapan keenam :
G : rizal bukunya mana?
R : ndda pak, ku lupai G : kenapa bisa dilupa?
R : cepa-cepa ka kesekolah pak jadi ku lupami kasi masu di tasku
G : laing kali siapkang memangmi kalau malam
nah
R : iyee pak
1. There is an additional consonant phoneme at the end of the word (paragoge).
The additional consonant phoneme in question is the phoneme /mi/.
mi+ [lupa] ¿ /lupami/
mi+ [memang] ¿ /memangmi/
2. There is also the addition of a phoneme at the end of the word (paragoge), namely the addition of the phoneme (ng).
Ng+ [lain] → /laing/
Ng+ [siapkan] → /siapkang/
3. Apart from adding phonemes at the end of words (paragoge), there are also added phonemes at the beginning of words (prothesis) as in the following words.
di+ [lupa] → /dilupa/
PHONEME CHANGE
Percakapan pertama : R :Biasanya jam berapa
istirahat disini dek?
I : jam 10 kak, tapi ada juga guru suka sekali na kasi lewa wattu kak R : owh jadi biasa lewat
dari jam istirahat ta di?
I : iye kak tapi endak ji kah panjangji biasa waktu istirahat
1. The pattern of phoneme realization of Bugis speakers that often occurs in communication tends to combine the structure of Indonesian with regional languages, for example vowel or consonant phonemes which change into vowel phonemes /e/ and /ǝ/.
e-+ [iya] → /iye/
ǝ -+ [tidak] → / ǝndak
T : dimanaki tinggal kak R : di Barru kota ka saya dek
T: Oh to berru mi pale, pantas macanti
I : puah, magombala si R : jadi biasanya kalau
jam istirahat ngapain dek?
I : kalo saya pigi ka mavolly dilapangan kak.
T : aiii. Saya di kelasja kerja tugas, banya tong temang ku pigi ji tidur.
ǝ-+ [barru] → /bǝrru/
Percakapan ketiga : G : hapus dulu papang
tulismu
M : jangang mi saya endak sampe ka, kauna kautosi tinggi A : iya’ si pale
G : baja melli ko penghapusna kumpulu kumpuluko
1. The phoneme change that occurs in the conversation above is the change of the consonant phoneme \b\ to the consonant phoneme /m/
m-+ [beli] = /melli/
doi ta sisebbumu.
Dari pada pake kertas ko mahapus capputtu bobbo’ mu tuli mu kape’
M : iyeee pak
Percakapan keempat : N : eh asna manai waemu A : kenapai. Mo ko minung?
N : moka minta air minummu sedikit e, madekka ka
A : di samping ku taroh N : minta ka na endak ku gessa ji
A : iyo minum mi tapi awasko kasi basa tasku
1. Phoneme changes caused by changes in the vowel
sounds /o/ and /e/.
o-+ [taruh] → /taroh/
o-+ [iya] → /iyo/
e-+ [tidak] → /endak/
Percakapan kelima :
G : sampai saat ini sudah paham semua?
I : belung pi ku pahangi pak
R : iye pak, bisa kita ulangi satu kali pi G : kalo begitu kita ulangi lagi penjelasannya na, baru dilanjutkan
1. The addition of phonemes occurred in the conversation above because there were changes in the vowel phonemes /e/.
e-+ [iya] → /iye/
dengan pengerjaan tugas M : iyeee pak
G : bagamanami tugasnya sudahmi?
M : deppa pak, sedikipi G : kalo pulangki ruma ta, ulangi yaro purae iyaggurui nah
M : iye pak G : ingat tugasta dikerjakan
Percakapan keenam :
G : rizal bukunya mana?
R : ndda pak, ku lupai G : kenapa bisa dilupa?
R : cepa-cepa ka kesekolah pak jadi ku lupami kasi masu di tasku
G : laing kali siapkang memangmi kalau malam nah
R : iye pak
1. The addition of phonemes occurred in the conversation above because there were changes in the vowel phonemes /e/.
e-+ [iya] → /iye/
Percakapan pertama : Phoneme removal is the
R :Biasanya jam berapa istirahat disini dek?
I : jam 10 kak, tapi ada juga guru suka sekali na kasi lewa wattu kak R : owh jadi biasa lewat
dari jam istirahat ta di?
I : iye kak tapi endak ji kah panjangji biasa waktu istirahat
T : dimanaki tinggal kak R : di Barru kota ka saya dek
T: Oh to berru mi pale, pantas ma canti
I : puah, magombala si R : jadi biasanya kalau
jam istirahat ngapain dek?
I : kalo saya pigi ka mavolly dilapangan kak.
loss of sounds or phonemes at the beginning, middle and end of a word without changing its meaning. In the conversation above, a consonant phoneme is released at the end of the word, which is usually called Apocope phoneme release.
k- [banyak] ¿ /banya/
k- [cantik] ¿ /canti/
t- [lewat] ¿ /lewa/
T : aiii. Saya di kelasja kerja tugas, banya tong temang ku pigi ji tidur.
PHONEME RELEASE
Percakapan kedua :
L : eyy adaga pulpenmu lagi satu, pinjamka eh S : aihh ndda e. satuji L : temanika pale pi belli di kanting
S : awwe kau tu marompa sekali
L : sila panggil Fatian pi makan nasi kuning!
S : Tidak maui masih kenyangi gare.
The release of phonemes in the conversation above occurs due to the release of haplological sounds, namely the shortening of a word due to the removal of a sound or syllable in its pronunciation.
[Tidak ada] → /ndada/
[pergi] → /pi/
Percakapan ketiga : G : hapus dulu papang
tulismu
M : jangang mi saya endak sampe ka, kauna kautosi tinggi A : iya’ si pale
G : baja melli ko penghapusna kumpulu kumpuluko doi ta sisebbumu.
Dari pada pake kertas ko mahapus capputtu
The release of phonemes in the conversation above is due to the deletion of two vowels that are pronounced at one time, which is usually called a diphthong. The deletion of the diphthong is a vowel sound (ai) in words spoken by Bugis speakers when speaking Indonesian.
bobbo’ mu tuli mu kape’
M : iyeee pak
Percakapan keempat : N : eh asna manai waemu A : kenapai. Mo ko minung?
N : moka minta air minummu sedikit e, madekka ka
A : di samping ku taroh N : minta ka na endak ku gessa ji
A : iyo minum mi tapi awasko kasi basa tasku
ai-[pakai] → /pake/
ai- [sampai] → /sampe/
The phonemes release contained in the conversation above is the deletion of the consonant phoneme /h/ in Indonesian words but with a Bugis accent.
h- [kasih] → /kasi/
h- [basah] → /basa/
Percakapan kelima :
G : sampai saat ini sudah paham semua?
I : belung pi ku pahangi pak
R : iye pak, bisa kita ulangi satu kali pi G : kalo begitu kita ulangi lagi penjelasannya na, baru dilanjutkan dengan pengerjaan tugas M : iyeee pak
1. The phonemes release
contained in the conversation above is the deletion of the consonant phoneme /t/ and /h/ in Indonesian words but with a Bugis accent as can be classified as follows.
t-+ [sedikit] → /sediki ( ʔ )/
h-+ [rumah] → /ruma/
G : bagamanami tugasnya sudahmi?
M : deppa pak, sediki pi G : kalo pulangki ruma ta, ulangi yaro purae iyaggurui nah
M : iye pak G : ingat tugasta dikerjakan
2. Apart from the release of the phoneme /h/ and /t/, there is also a release of the
diphthong /au/ which is found in the following words.
au- [kalau] → /kalo/
Percakapan keenam :
G : rizal bukunya mana?
R : ndada pak, ku lupai G : kenapa bisa dilupa?
R : cepa-cepa ka kesekolah pak jadi ku lupami kasi masu di tasku
G : laing kali siapkang memangmi kalau malam nah
R : iye pak
1. The release of phonemes in the conversation above occurs because there is a glottal stop sound (ʔ) at the end of the word. The glottal stop (ʔ) is a form of plosive in which the closure is created by bringing the vocal cords together, as when holding the breath. as in the following words:
t- [cepat] ¿ /cepa( ʔ )/
h- [kasih] ¿ /kasi( ʔ )/
k- [masuk] ¿ /masu( ʔ )/
2. Apart from the release of phonemes due to the glottal stop sound, in the
conversation above there is also the release of phonemes due to the haplological process, namely the shortening of a word due to the removal of a sound or syllable in its pronunciation.
[tidak ada] ¿ /ndada/
APPENDIX II
CATATAN OBSERVASI /TRANSKRIP KOMUNIKASI DI KELAS Lokasi Penelitian : MTSS MUHAMMADIYAH ELE
Hari/Tanggal :
Waktu :
Kelas : VII
1. Context : Conversations in Class VII Speakers: Teacher and Rizal (Student) Percakapan pertama :
R :Biasanya jam berapa istirahat disini dek?
I : jam 10 kak, tapi ada juga guru suka sekali na kasi lewa wattu kak R : owh jadi biasa lewat dari jam istirahat ta di?
I : iye kak tapi endak ji kah panjangji biasa waktu istirahat T : dimanaki tinggal kak
R : di Barru kota ka saya dek
T: Oh to berru mi pale, pantas macanti I : puah, magombala si
R : jadi biasanya kalau jam istirahat ngapain dek?
I : kalo saya pigi ka mavolly dilapangan kak.
T : aiii. Saya di kelasja kerja tugas, banya tong temang ku pigi ji tidur.
2. Context : Conversation in Class VII towards the canteen
Speakers: Lia (Student) and Sila (Student) Percakapan kedua :
L : eyy adaga pulpenmu lagi satu, pinjamka eh S : aihh ndda e. satuji
L : temanika pale pi belli di kanting S : awwe kau tu marompa sekali
L : sila panggil Fatian pi makan nasi kuning!
S : Tidak maui masih kenyangi gare.
3. Context: Conversation in Class VII
Speakers: Teacher and Minu, Amir (Student) G : hapus dulu papang tulismu
M : jangang mi saya endak sampe ka, kauna kautosi tinggi A : iya’ si pale
G : baja melli ko penghapusna kumpulu kumpuluko doi ta sisebbumu. Dari pada pake kertas ko mahapus capputtu bobbo’ mu tuli mu kape’
M : iyeee pak
4. Context : Conversations in Class VII
Speakers: Teacher and Ical, Rizal (Student) N : eh asna manai waemu
A : kenapai. Mo ko minung?
N : moka minta air minummu sedikit e, madekka ka A : di samping ku taroh
N : minta ka na endak ku gessa ji
A : iyo minum mi tapi awasko kasi basa tasku 5. Context : Conversation in class VII
Speakers : Nur (Student) dan Asna (Student) T : sampai saat ini sudah paham semua?
I : belung pi ku pahangi pak
R : iye pak, bisa kita ulangi satu kali pi
T : kalo begitu kita ulangi lagi penjelasannya na, baru dilanjutkan dengan pengerjaan tugas
M : iyeee pak
G : bagamanami tugasnya sudahmi?
M : deppa pak, sediki pi
G : kalo pulangki ruma ta, ulangi yaro purae iyaggurui nah
M : iye pak
G : ingat tugasta dikerjakan
6. Context : Conversation in class VII
Speakers : Teachers dan Ical, Rizal (Student) G : rizal bukunya mana?
R : ndada pak, ku lupai G : kenapa bisa dilupa?
R : cepa-cepa ka kesekolah pak jadi ku lupami kasi masu di tasku G : laing kali siapkang memangmi kalau malam nah
R : iye pak
APPENDIX III