CHAPTER III: FINDINGS
B. The Dominant Types of Character Education Values in English Textbook
In this chapter, the researcher displays the percentage of character education values found in the reading text and dialogue of the English textbook Bahasa Inggris.
The results of data findings can be seen in the following table. To make it easier for readers to read the data, the researcher made an abbreviation for each character education value as shown in the table below.
Table 3.2 Abbreviation of character education values
Character Education Values Code
Religious rel
Honesty ho
Tolerance t
Discipline di
Hard work hw
Creative cre
Independent id
Democratic de
Curiosity cu
The spirit of nationality n
Patriotism pt
Achievement appreciation ap
Friendly/communicative fc
Peacefulness pf
Reading interest ri
Environmental awareness ea
Social awareness sa
Responsibility res
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Table 3.3 The data percentage of character education values in reading texts and dialogues of English textbook Bahasa Inggris
Text
The Data Percentage of Character Education Values in Each Text
∑ rel ho t di hw cre id de cu n pt ap fc pf ri ea sa res
T1 - - - 1 - - 1 - - 4 - - - - -
T2 2 - - 1 - 1 - - 1 - - - 1 - 2 - - -
T3 - - - - 1 - - - 3 2 - - - - -
T4 - - - 1 - - 2 - 1 - - - 1
T5 - - - 1 - - 2 2 - - - - -
T6 - - - 3 - 1 2 - - - -
T7 - - - 1 - - - 1 1 - - - 1 - -
T8 - - - 1 - - - 1 - - - -
T9 - - - 1 - - - 2 - 1
T10 - - 1 - - - 1 - - - -
T11 - - - 1 - - 1 - - - 1 - - - - -
f 2 0 1 2 1 6 3 1 5 1 1 9 10 2 2 3 0 2 51
% 3,9% % 0 1,9% 3,9% 1,9%
11, 8
% 5,9
% 1,9
% 9,8
% 1,9
% 1,9
% 17,
8
% 19,
8
% 3,9
% 3,9
% 5,9
% 0
% 3,9
% 100
%
According to the table 3.3, it can be seen that the English textbook Bahasa Inggris has almost integrated all the eighteen types of character education values proposed by the Ministry of National Education. There are sixteen character education values integrated into the reading text and dialogue of the English textbook Bahasa Inggris. They are friendly/communicative, achievement appreciation, curiosity, creative, independent, peacefulness, environmental awareness, religious, tolerance, discipline, hard work, democratic, the spirit of nationality, patriotism, reading interest, and responsibility.
The value of honesty and social awareness do not appear at all in the reading text and dialogue.
46
CHAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND INTERPRETATION
A. Analysis of Character Education Values in English Textbook Bahasa Inggris based on Curriculum 2013
In this chapter, the researcher analyses the types of character education values found in the reading texts and dialogues section of English textbook entitled Bahasa Inggris based on Curriculum 2013. Based on the data in the previous chapter, there are fifty one data that contain character education values and are included in the sixteen types of character education values. The following is an explanation of each value in the analysed textbook.
1. Religious
The religious value was found in the analysed textbook. The appearance of this value can be seen in a letter text on the first chapter. Here are the examples of the religious value taken from Text 2.
“Assalamu’alaikum Alia” (T2/C1/P5)
“Wassalam.” (T2/C1/P5)
In the opening and closing of the letter, the sender writes greetings (Salam). Salam is usually said by a Muslim to greet someone. It reflects a person’s religious value, where he greets someone he meets by saying greetings
47
as taught by Islam. It reflects attitudes and submissive behaviour in carrying out the teachings of their religion.73
2. Tolerance
The value of tolerance can be seen in the announcement text about the cancellation of the concert in Singapore (T10). Here is an example of this value found in the textbook.
“It is most unfortunate that the plans are not approved by CJes and their decision is to cancel the concert. We respect the agency’s decision and, with great regret, we are unable to change their mind but to accept this unforeseen circumstance that is beyond our control.” (T10/C6/P83)
It was said that the concert was cancelled by the artist’s agency and the organizers apologize to everyone for the cancellation of the concert and respect the agency’s decision by not insisting on holding the concert. From this passage, students are taught to show respect to others decision. It is in accordance with the statement in the theory that tolerance means attitudes and actions that respect differences in actions of others.74
3. Discipline
There are some sentences of reading texts in the English textbook Bahasa Inggris which consists of discipline value. The following is an example of this value that appears in the textbook.
“At school we are supposed to use English at all times, so we have become quite fluent although sometimes we slip back into Malay, which is our mother tongue.” (T2/C1/P5)
73 Kurniawan, Pendidikan Karakter: Konsepsi & Implementasi Secara Terpadu Di Lingkungan Keluarga, Sekolah, Perguruan Tiggi, & Masyarakat, 129.
74 Naim, Character Building: Optimalisasi Peran Pendidikan Dalam Pengembangan Ilmu & Pembentukan Karakter Bangsa, 138.
The sender of the letter said that in her school there is a rule in which every student is required to communicate using English. It reflects the value of discipline because it shows an attitude that everyone should obey the rules.75
Another example also can be seen in the announcement text (T10) in chapter 6.
“Registration will occur on a first-come basis.” (T11/C6/P84)
Discipline is an attitude of obeying rules and regulations. The sentence above shows that the value of discipline is integrated. It can be seen from the statement that Registration will occur on a first-come basis. It means that the organizer applies these rules and must be obeyed by the participants/students.76 4. Hard work
The value of hard work was found in the dialogue (T3) of the English textbook Bahasa Inggris. The following is an example of the hard work value taken from the textbook.
“After a long struggle and hard work, Alif is finally appointed as the director of a national company where he works.” (T3/C2/P23)
At the beginning of the paragraph, the author presents the hard work value. It is told that a character named Alif has been appointed as the director of a national company where he works. He was able to achieve this position because of the hard work he had done all this time. In relation to this, the hard work value is inserted as students have to work hard to achieve their goals.77
75 Naim, 143.
76 Naim, 143.
77 Naim, 148.
49
5. Creative
The value of creativity was found in some reading texts and dialogues of the textbook. Here are the examples of this value taken from the textbook.
“My dream, when I’m older, is to be a writer of science fiction books.”
(T2/C1/P5)
Creativity means always thinking and looking for new things that are useful for life. From the example of the sentence above, the sender of the letter said she wants to be a book writer. The sentence contains the value of creativity because it looks for new things that are useful for her future.78 It teaches students to dare to dream as creatively as possible.
Another example also can be seen in the following dialogue (T6).
“Santi: Uhm, I’m not sure. I don’t have any idea yet. I think I might stay at home.
Bayu: Stay at home? Well, you could do something more interesting!”
(T6/C3/P40)
“Bayu: Definitely! My dad and I are going to go fishing.” (T6/C3/P40)
“Riri: I have made a plan with my mother about what to do on this long weekend. We are going to practice baking cookies.” (T6/C3/P40)
From the illustrations above,students are taught to use their free time with useful activities as creatively as possible. It is in line with the theory that creative people are people who always try to find new things from things that already exist.79
The last example was taken from the sentences of descriptive text (T9) in chapter 5. Here is the following example.
78 Naim, 152.
79 Naim, 152.
“The fifth point of interest is Niagara’s Wax Museum of History. Here, life- size wax figures portraying dramatic history of Niagara Falls are presented to guests.” (T9/C5/P72)
From the bold sentence, the author promotes creative value by informing that the statue is made of wax, whereas usually it is made of wood or clay.
Therefore, the information above teaches students to have creative skills to utilize the objects around them into valuable items. It is in line with the theory that creative people are people who always try to find new things from things that already exist.80
6. Independent
The independent value can be found in a letter in chapter 1 (T1). Here is an example of this value distribution.
“My father died a few years ago so my mother runs the house and the family business.” (T1/C1/P4)
In the example above, the sender of the letter said that his father passed away. Then his mother replaces his father’s role in working hard to provide for her family. This sentence integrates independent value because it describes an attitude that is not easy to depend on others.81 It teaches students to be independent in any situation, as long as they are still able to do it themselves.
The second example of the integration of independent value also can be found in descriptive text (T7) in chapter 4.
“You sleep, cook, and eat in that klotok, night and day during your journey into the jungle.” (T7/C4/P53)
The bold sentence above is an example of integrating independent value.
It matches with the theory that independent humans will be courageous in facing
80 Naim, 152.
81 Naim, 163.
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various challenges.82 It teaches students to do things independently so we don’t disturb other people during the trip.
Another example also can be seen in the following announcement text (T11).
“For a list of speakers and further information including registration and
fees, please go to the following website:
http://www.medportal.ca/minimed/index.html or register online by visiting www.fhs.mcmaster.ca/conted” (T11/C6/P84)
From the given instruction of the announcement, the value of being independent is found since the students have to independently seek the information they needed. It is matches with the definition of independent value which means to do not easily depend on others.83
7. Democratic
The democratic value is inserted in the textbook in the form of dialogue.
Here is the following example of dialogue (T6) that integrates democratic value.
“Riri: Or, would you like to join me to learn baking cookies? You can come to my house.
Bayu: It’s a good idea! Or will you go fishing with me and my dad?
Santi: I think I would like to bake cookies with Riri. Thanks for inviting me, Riri” (T6/C3/P40)
The bold sentence above contains the democratic value. It describes freedom of expression.84 The conversation provides examples for students to express their opinions about the choices given. From the illustration, the students are expected to be able to implement democratic values by giving and respecting the opinions of others.
82 Naim, 163.
83 Naim, 163.
84 Naim, 168.
8. Curiosity
There were found several sentences in reading texts and dialogues that integrate the curiosity value in the analysis of English textbook. Here are some examples of the curiosity value taken from the textbook.
“Ditto: I heard that you will be the representative of our school in the story telling competition of our regency. Is it true?” (T4/C2/P24)
Curiosity is attitudes and actions that are always working to find out more in-depth and extend from something he heard.85 In the dialogue above, it can be seen that the value of curiosity is inserted. It is found since the dialogue illustrates the attitude of curiosity about the truth of information he heard.
Another example also can be found in the following dialogue.
“Santi: So, what about you Bayu? Do you have any plans?” (T6/C3/P40)
“Bayu: What about you, Riri? What would you like to do on the long weekend?” (T6/C3/P40)
As described in the previous chapter that curiosity is attitudes and actions that are always working to find out more in-depth and extend from something he heard.86 The dialogues above contain the value of curiosity because it describes several people who are curious about each other’s plans to spend a long holiday.
9. The spirit of nationality
The spirit of nationality value is rarely found and only appears once in Text 1. Here is an example of this value taken from the textbook.
“I think I’d like to become a park ranger when I graduate, perhaps work for the National Parks Service.” (T1/C1/P4)
85 Naim, 171.
86 Naim, 171.
53
The sentence above promotes the spirit of nationality value. It can be seen from the letter sender’s dream that he wants to work in the National Park Service as a park ranger, even though he could actually be more than that. It reflects the attitude that prioritizing the interests of the nation and country above personal interests.87
10. Patriotism
The patriotism value is rarely found in the reading text and dialogue. Here is an example of this value taken from the textbook.
“Tanjung Puting National Park is an internationally famous ecotourism destination, which is located in the southwest of Central Kalimantan peninsula.” (T7/C4/P53)
Patriotism value is defined as an attempt to profess loyalty and concern for the economics of a country.88 The short paragraph above integrates the value of patriotism. The author integrates the patriotism value by promoting an ecotourism destination in Indonesia which is internationally famous, namely Tanjung Puting National Park. This ecotourism destination is located in the southwest of the peninsula of Central Kalimantan.
11. Achievement Appreciation
In textbooks, there were found a lot of achievement appreciation value that integrated into the reading texts and dialogues. The following are examples of values taken from textbooks.
“Other friends shake his hands and congratulate him too.” (T3/C2/P23) The sentence above integrates the achievement appreciation value. It teaches students to give an appreciation to other’s effort for achieving their goal.
87 Naim, 173.
88 Naim, 178.
By instilling this value, each student is expected to be able to appreciate the others’ achievements and feel motivated to achieve success as well. It fits with the definition of achievement appreciation means feeling happy about the success of others.89
Another example of the achievement appreciation value is also found in the following dialog section.
“Ditto: Cita, congratulations for being the first winner of the school story telling competition! Excellent. You really did it well.” (T4/C2/P24)
As seen in the dialogue above, the value of achievement appreciation is inserted through the dialogue. The value of achievement appreciation means feeling happy for the success of others.90 Through the illustration of the dialogue, students are taught to appreciate the achievement of others.
The achievement appreciation value is also found in other dialogue texts.
Here is an example.
“Sinta: Terrific. I like the cover. Let me see the contents. This book is excellent. You really did a great job.” (T5/C2/P32)
“Sinta: Well, that’s great. I am proud of you, Rahmi.” (T5/C2/P32)
The two short dialogues above integrate the value of achievement appreciation. It can be seen from the bold sentence that he appreciates her friend’s work and feels proud of it. This illustration provides lessons for students to express their happiness and pride over the other’s work.
89 Naim, 180.
90 Naim, 180.
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12. Friendly/communicative
The appearance of friendly/communicative value can be found especially in a letter text and dialogue. Here are some examples of sentences that contain friendly/communicative value.
“I’d really like to be your E-pal. You sound really cool!” (T1/C1/P4) Friendly/communicative value means actions show pleasure in associating with others.91 The sentence of the letter above promotes the value of being friendly. It fosters students to become friendly to make friends with anyone and show pleasure in communicating with others.
Another example is also can be found the last sentence of the last paragraph. Here is the following example.
“How about you? Please drop me a line, Alia! Can’t wait to hear from you!” (T1/C1/P4)
The value of being communicative is found in the sentence above because it teaches students to show an attitude of pleasure in talking to the person being spoken to.92 It can be seen from the bold statement above that the sender of the letter is waiting for a reply to the letter he sent.
Other examples of friendly/communicative value integration can be seen in other text as follow.
“Samuel: Alif, congratulations. You deserved it, Man.
Alif: Thank you very much. This is because you always help me.”
(T3/C2/P23)
The conversation above shows a friendly attitude towards other people.
Instead of being overbearing about his achievements, he prefers to respond to
91 Naim, 181.
92 Naim, 181.
other’s people compliments by praising them back. It is in line with the theory that friendly/communicative is a generous attitude towards others.93
13. Peacefulness
“Ditto: I hope you will win as well in the next competition.
Cita: I hope so. But I’m nervous.
Ditto: Don’t worry, you’re a very good story teller. Good luck.”
(T4/C2/P24)
Peacefulness means efforts to help maintain peace.94 As seen in the conversation above, the value of peacefulness is inserted into the dialogue.
Through these dialogue illustrations, students are taught to always show kindness to others by encouraging other people’s efforts.
Other examples can be found in the following announcement text.
“We understand the disappointment as well as the inconvenience caused due to the cancellation and we sincerely apologize - especially to the fans of JYJ” (T10/C6/P83)
It shows that the peacefulness value is inserted into the announcement text. It implicitly teaches students to apologize if they do something wrong, whether intentional or not. Apologizing is one of attitudes that reflect the peacefulness value because it can prevent violence.95
14. Reading interest
The reading interest value is rarely found and only appears twice in a letter text Chapter 1 (T2). The following are examples of this value taken from the textbook.
93 Naim, 181.
94 Naim, 189.
95 Naim, 189.
57
“I like history very much; it helps me know more how different countries existed in the past.” (T2/C1/P5)
In the sentence of the letter above, it is found the value of reading interest which appears in the bold sentence. In this section, a person tells his/her friend that s/he can gain a lot of historical knowledge by reading books. This is in accordance with the theory which says that one of the benefits of reading is we can enter social spaces and interact with new wider worlds. 96
Another example also can be found in the following example.
“I’m really into books. I like reading novels and short stories. My dream, when I’m older, is to be a writer of science fiction books.” (T2/C1/P5)
The value of reading interest is inserted in the letter. As seen in the short paragraph above, the sender of the letter likes to read books. From that activity, she was inspired to become a book writer. This illustration is also match with the theory that one of the benefits of reading is encourage planning to take productive actions.97
15. Environmental awareness
The environmental awareness value is rarely found and only appears three times in the reading texts. The following are examples of this value taken from the textbook.
“Camp Leakey is a rehabilitation place for ex-captive orang utans and also a preservation site.” (T7/C4/P53)
From the sentences above, the author informs that there are several tourist attractions in Indonesia; one of them is Camp Leakey which is useful as nature preservation sites, especially for ex-captive orang utans. It is in accordance with
96 Naim, 191.
97 Naim, 191.
the theory that humans with character are humans that always seek to protect the natural environment from loss.98
“The Niagara Falls are renowned both for their beauty and as a valuable source of hydroelectric power.” (T9/C5/P72)
The author informs that besides being famous for its beauty, Niagara Falls is also used as a source of hydroelectric power. This statement teaches the value of environmental awareness where the beauty of nature can also be used as a hydroelectric power plant that provides more benefits for others and futures. It is in line with the definition that environmental awareness value means saving the earth’s resources for the future.99
16. Responsibility
The value of responsibility is rarely found in the reading text and dialogue.
Here are the following examples of this value taken from the textbook.
“Cita: Thanks. I’ll do my best. Wish me luck.” (T4/C2/P24)
Responsibility value is defined as taking care of duties.100 The dialogue above contains the value of responsibly. It appears in the sentence I’ll do my best.
It teaches students to be responsible for what they do and strive for the best results.
Another example of the distribution of this value also can be seen in the following reading text.
“Managing the balance between recreational, commercial, and industrial uses has been a challenge for the stewards of the falls since the 19th century.” (T9/C5/P72)
98 Naim, 200.
99 Naim, 200.
100 Naim, 212.