ENGLISH-KARANKAWA INDEX about to, tca'pn

130 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

^[Bull.127

te'ts'oa, te'tsoa, beef, cow, cattle,beef- meat.

(The meat must

be speci- fied

by

giving the

name

of the animal

from which

it came) (0)

.

Col.

Robinson

te'tsoa ahu'k, Col.

Robinson

haskilled a

cow

(0).

ti'kemai,beef (S).

to'los, to'lus, torun, to runfast (0).

n6 ba'wus kwa'tci to'lus, to'lus, give

me

fire! run! run! (0).

tuwa'mka,

yesterday; also referring to past time in general (O).

uapa

(ouapa), water-hen (B).

uahahim

(ouahahim),

dugout

canoe (pirogue) (B).

upat

(emphatic

form

upa'-a-at), long ago (S).

gaxiame'tet upa't, long ago I spoke (thelanguage) (S)

.

u'ci,

man

(?).

u'cini'ktam,alittle

man,

ayoungster (S).

wa'na,

go

away!

orletusgo!

tcakwame',

(come

and)sit

down

here!

(W).

ka'-aswana',

come

here! (W).

wi'-asn, rain _(0).

wo'l, we'll, wa'l; strong, powerful;

much,

a great dealof,plentyof (O).

wo'lba',strong

wind

(0).

wa'lglle'-i,

much

water(0)

.

e'm

wo'l,to

jump

toa(great)distance, to takea longleap (O).

wa'lnia, faroff,

"way

yonder" (0).

na'-i ye' wol, I

walked

a

good

deal (O).

ba'kta

buda'ma

wa'l,

day

long past (O).

wo'lya,

ku'tngwo'lya,prairiechicken, chicken,

hen

(0).

wu'-ak,to lie

down

(0).

na'-i

be'xma

wu'ak, ta'

im my

father lay

down

to sleep _(0).

ya'-an,great, large, tall,

wide

(0).

ya'm,

potato (not the sweet potato) (O).

ya'mawe, man

(0).

ye', togo,towalk;redupl.ye'ye(O).

na'-i ye' mSda'-uo'dn, I

am

goingto shootducks (0).

na'-i ye' do'tn aho'k, I

am

going to killdeer(O).

na'-i ye' wo'l, I

walked

considerably (O).

ye'tso, to stand (0).

yS'ta,music (0).

ENGLISH-KARANKAWA INDEX

Swanton]

LINGUISTIC IMATERIAL FROM SOUTHERN TEXAS 131 bucket

oftin,kola'me.

build (afire), to; kosa'ta.

building,ba'-ak, kaliam.

bull, didot.

by and

by, messu's.

cabin, ba'-ak,

kaham.

calf, koco.

calico, ka'dla.

calumet,

kadiol.

camp,

ba'-ak,

kaham.

can,ta'.

cannon,

etjam.

canoe,

awa'n, elucun,

uahahim.

capture, to; hai'tn.

cask,

kaa-konam.

cat,ga'ta.

catch, to;hai'tn.

cattle, didot.

cherish, to; ka.

chicken, ku'dn, wo'lya.

chief, ha'lba.

child,kwa'n.

chin,

em-imian

hane'na.

cigarette, ka'he, swe'na^.

circular, la'-akum.

cloth, kwi'ss.

clothing, a-lams.

cold, delin.

come!,

e'we.

come,

to;ga's.

come

^{here! e'we,ga's, wa'na.}

come

quick!, e'we.

converse,to;kau'pn.

cord, bacina.

com,

kwia'm.

cow,

a;nen, didot.

cowhom,

teke-dolan.

crane, k6do'd, koln.

curlew, kwojol.

dangerous,

tcu'ta.

dart,kusila.

day, ba'kta.

dead,

ma'l.

dear, muta'.

deer, do'atn, tekomandotsen.

deerskin, kesul.

desire, to;ta'.

disk-shaped, la'-akum.

do, to; kosa'ta.

dog, kec.

don'tcry!,

ahSmmic.

dress, ka'dla, kwi'ss.

drink, to; kouaen.

duck;

kue, meda'-u.

dugout,

awa'n.

eagle, balsehe.

earth, see

kahamkeami.

eat, to; akna'mas.

egg, da'home.

eight, hai'kia.

exhausted,

kwa'-al.

eye, em-ikus.

eyebrows,

im-lahue.

fabric, kwi'ss.

fall, to; amo'ak.

faroflP,nya'wo'l.

farewell!, atea'ta.

father, be'hema.

feathers,

hamdolok.

female, nen.

fine, pla'.

finger, e'tsma.

fire, hu'mhe,kwa'tci,kwoilesem.

fire-pot, koko.

fire-sticks,akta demaje.

fish, a'm, kiles.

fish-hook,kusila.

five, na'tsa.

flagon, kedika.

flour, a'mhatn.

fly,a;kamej.

foot,

eham,

ke'keya.

four,hayo.

French,

the;kalbasska.

friend, aha'yika.

get away!, S,hS,'mmic.

gimlet,klani.

girl,ka'da.

give, to;ba'wus.

glass,kusila.

glassware,kujahin.

globiform,^la'-akum.

go, to;ga's, ye'.

go away!,

wa'na.

going

to,tca'pn.

gone,

buda'ma.

good, ku'ist-baha, pla',

good

bye!,atea'ta.

goose, la'-ak.

gown,

ka'dla, kwi'ss.

grass, awa'tcxol.

great, ya'-an.

grindstone,

hama.

grow,

to; kwa'n.

gun, kisulp.

gunpowder,

kalmel.

hair, ekiaaikui.

hand,

e'tsma.

handsome, hama'

la.

harpoon,

kusila.

132 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[Bull.12T hasten, to; ko'ta, xanke'ye.

hat, kalama.

hatchet,

matci'ta.

hate, to; mata'kia.

he, ta'l.

head, en-okea.

healthy, klaba'n.

heart, la'hama.

hen, ku'dn, wo'lya.

hog, tapcewa'.

horn

ofcow, teke-dolan.

horse, kanueiim, kuwa'yi- house, ba'-ak,

kaham.

hungry,

a'mel.

hurry,to;ko'ta,xanke'ye.

hurt, to;kassi'tcuwakn.

hush,

aha'mmic.

hut,ba'-ak,

kaham.

I,na'yi,

injure, to; kassi'tcuwakn.

it, ta'l.

jug, kahan.

jump,

to; e'm.

kettle, kukujol.

kill,to; ahu'k.

kitten, ga'ta.

knee, en-klas.

knife,

bekekomb,

kusila, sileka'yi.

know,

to;

ku'mna,

kwa'ss.

large, ya'-an.

lark, kutsen.

laugh, to; kai'ta.

leg,

em-anpok.

let

us

go!, wa'na.

lie

down,

to;wu'-ak.

little,kwa'n,ni'ktam.

lodge, ba'-ak,

kaham.

long,wo'l.

long

ago, upat.

love, to; ka.

maize,

kwia'm.

make,

to; ka'hawan, kosa'ta.

man,

ahaks, tecoyu, u'ci,

ya'mawe.

manufacture,

to;ka'hawan.

marry,

to; mawi'da.

mast,

kesul.

mat,

_didaham.

me,

na'yi.

metal,

kusila.

milk, tesnakwa'ya.

mine,

na'yi.

molasses, te'skaus.

moon,

a-uil.

mosquito,

gS,'.

mother,

kani'n.

mouth,

emi-akwoi.

much,

wo'l,

music,

yQ'ta.

musket-ball,

kecila-demuks.

my,

na'yi.

neck, em-sebek.

needle, agui'ya,besehena.

nice,pla'.

nine, hai'kia.

no!, ko'm.

nose, em-aialuak.

not, ko'm.

now,

aca'hak.

oak-apple, ekskitula.

obnoxious, teu'ta.

octopus, a'm.

one,na'tsa.

oyster, dh'.

paddle, em-luajem.

pail,kok.

pain, to cause;kassi'tcuwakn..

pan, frying-; kola'me.

paper, imetes

akuam.

past,

buda'ma.

peas, kudec.

pelican,

okman.

perform,

to; kosa'ta.

pickax, kialn.

pig, kalbasska, mado'na.

pimento,

kesesmai.

pin, besehena.

pinnace, kesesmai.

pipe, kadiol.

pistol,

ka

aikuan.

plaice, ampaj.

plate

made

oftin, kesila-konan.

plenty

of, wo'l.

plover, sebe.

potato, ya'm.

pound,

to;ka'ssig.

powerful,wo'l.

prairie chicken, ku'dn, wo'lya..

presently, aca'hak.

pretty, hama'la.

produce,

to; ka'hawan,

push,

to; da'n,

quick, to

come;

xanke'ye, rain, wi'-asn,

read, to; gwa'.

red, tamo'yika.

return,to;ga's.

Swanton]

LINGUISTIC MATERIAL FROM SOUTHERN TEXAS 133

round,

la'-akum.

run, to; xanke'ye,to'los.

saber, teheye.

sail, a-lams.

salt,

dem,

ketac.

sand, kohon.

satisfaction, expression of; baa.

say, to;kau'pn.

scat!, fthammic.

sea, the; see kalbasska,

komkom.

see, to;tea'.

serpent, au'd.

seven, hai'kia, na'tsa.

sew, to;teksilea.

sexual organs,

male;

em-ibak.

she, ta'l.

ship, awa'n,elucun.

shirt,gusga'ma.

shoe, kameplan.

shoot,to; o'dn.

shoulder, em-sehota.

sick; a-eas, kwa'tco.

side to side, to

pass from;

Ion.

sit, to; ha'ka.

sit

down!,

ha'ka.

six,hai'kia, ha'yo.

skin of deer,kesul.

skip, to; e'm.

sleep, to;Km, neianana.

small, kwa'n.

smoke,

a'nawan.

snake, au'd.

soon,messu's.

Spaniards,

kahamkeami.

speak,to; gaxiame'tgt, kau'pn.

stag,tekomandotsen.

stand,to;ye'tso.

stomach,

a-luk.

strike, to; ga'-an.

strong, wo'l.

suck, to; e'nno.

sugar, te'skaus.

sun,klos, do'owal.

sweet, te'skaus.

swim,

to;no'tawa.

talk, to; kau'pn.

tall,ya'-an.

tar,kuja.

tattooings, bacenana.

tear, to;ta'hama.

^ teat, kani'n.

tell, to;kau'pn.

ten. ha'be.

textile,kwi'ss.

that,ta'l.

there,nya'.

thigh, em-edal.

thine, a'wa.

this,ta'l.

thou, a'wa.

three, kaxa'yi.

thy, a'wa.

tin, seekesila-konan.

tired, kwa'-al.

tobacco, a-kanan,ka'he,de'.

tongue, a-lean.

Tonkawa

^{Indian, Tcanka'ya.}

too, te'nno.

tooth, dolonakin, e'.

tooth-brush,

tessele'nia.

touch, to; tcau'tawal.

tree, akwini'.

turtle, a large green; hai'tnlokn.

two,hai'kia.

understand,

to;

ku'mna.

useful,pla'.

vermilion, kadiim.

vessel, awa'n,elucun.

walk, to; shak,ye'.

wall, kesul.

want,

to;ta'.

water;

klai,

komkom.

water-hen,

uapa.

weep,

to; owi'ya.

well, klaba'n.

whereP,

muda'.

whiskey,

laba'-i.

whistle, to; a'ksol.

white,pe'ka.

wicked,teu'ta.

wide,ya'-an.

will,tca'pn.

wind, ba',eta.

wine, klebo.

wish, to;ta'.

wolf, kec.

woman,

a;acade.

wood,

Itesul.

work,

to; taki'na.

yes,ihie'-a.

yesterday,

tuwa'mka.

yonder, nya'.

you, a'wa.

young

of

an animal,

kwa'n.

youngster, ni'ktam.

134 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

^[Bull.127

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

Some supplementary assistance

in

the study

of

Coahuilteco

dialects

may perhaps be derived from the

tribal

or band names which present to us the same

multiplicity

as the

dialects. It

cannot be asserted

positively

that

all of

the following names belonged

to

Coahuiltecan

tribes,

but the greater part

of

them do undoubtedly. For com-

pleteness, I

have included those

tribal

names which are wholly Spanish.

Aguastayas.

Alasapas.

Andacaminos

(a Spanish

word

sig.

"wanderers").

Annas.

Apayxam.

Aranama.

Asan.

Atajal.

Atastagonies.

Borrados (a Spanish name).

Cabia.

Cacafes.

Cachopostales.

Camai.

Cantunas.

Casas Chiquitas (a Spanish

name

sig.

"small houses").

Casastles.

Chaguantapam.

Chagustapa.

Chapamaco.

Chemoco.

Chuapas.

Cimataguo.

Cluetau.

Cocomeioje.

Comecrudo

(?) (a Spanish

name

sig.

"eaters of

raw

meat").

Cotoname

(?).

Cupdan.

Escaba.

Espopolames.

Gabilan.

Geies.

Guanipas.

Gueiquesales.

Guerjuatida.

Guisoles.

Haeser.

Hapes.

Harames.

Heniocane.

Hiabu.

Hihames.

Huacacasa.

Huanes.

Hume.

Juamaca.

Jueinzum.

Juncatas.

Junced.

Macapao.

Macocoma.

Mallopeme.

Mamuqui.

Manam.

Manico.

Manos

Colorados (aSpanish

name

sig.

"red hands").

Manos

de Perro (a Spanish

term

sig.

"dog

hands," i. e.,

"dog

feet").

Manos

Prietas (a Spanish

term

sig.

"dark

hands").

Maquems.

Maraquites.

Matucar.

Matuime.

Maubedan.

Mauyga.

Mazapes.

Menenquen.

Mescales (a

name

perhaps derived

from

Aztecmexcalli,

which

sig.

"Maguey

liquor").

Mesquites (a

word

adapted

from

the Aztec

name

for Prosopisjuliflora)^. Milijaes.

M

orbanas.

Mulato

(a Spanish

word

sig.

"tawny

people").

Narices (perhaps

from

Spanish nariz,

"noze", sig. pierced-nose people).

Nazas.

Necpacha.

Nigco (probably

meant

forSinicu)

.

Obozi (?).

Ocana.

Odoesmades.

Ohaguames.

Orejones (a Spanish

word

sig. "big- eared people").

Swanton]

LINGUISTIC MATERIAL FROM SOUTHERN ^TEXAS 135

Oydican.

Paac.

Paachiqui.

Pabor.

Pacaruja(given

by

Uhde).

Pachal.

Pachalaque.

Pachaloco.

Pachaquen.

Pachaug.

Pacpul.

Pacuaches.

Pacuachiam.

Paguan.

Paguanan.

Pajalat.

Pajarito (a Spanish

name

sig. "little bird").

Pakawa.

Pamaque.

Pamaya.

Pamoranos.

Pampopas.

Papanac.

Paquache.

Parantones.

Parchaque.

Parchinas.

Pasalves.

Pasnacanes.

Pasqual.

Pastaloca.

Pastancoyas.

Pasteal.

Patague.

Patan.

Patanium.

Patou.

Patzau.

Pausanes.

Pausaqui.

Pausay.

Payaya.

Payuguan.

Peana.

Pelones (a Spanish

word

sig. "thehair- lessones").

Pescado (a Spanish

word

signifying

"fishes").

Piedras Blancas (a Spanish

name

sig.

"whitestones").

Piquique.

Pinanaca.

Piniquu.

Pintos (a Spanish

name

sig. "the pie- baldones").

Pita.

Pitahay.

Pomuluma.

Prietos (a Spanish

word

sig. "dark ones").

Psaupsau.

Putaay.

Quanataguo.

Querns.

Quepanos.

Quesal.

Quide(?).

Quioborique(?).

Quisabas(?).

Quitacas.

Quivi(?).

Salapaque(?).

Salinas(?) (a Spanish

term

sig. "[people of the] salt-pits").

Samampac.

Sampanal.

Sanipao.

Saracuam(?).

Secmoco.

Semonan(?).

Senisos (a Spanish word, either

from

ceniza, "ashes," or cenizo, a plant called"the white goosefoot").

Siaguan.

Siansi.

Sillanguayas.

Sinicu.

Siupam.

Sonaque.

Sonayan.

Suahuaches(?).

Suanas.

Sulujame.

Tacame.

Taimamares.

Tamcan(?).

Tamique(?).

Tanpacuazes.

Tarequano.

Teana.

Tecahuistes.

Tejones(aSpanish

word

sig."raccoons"),

Teneinamar.

Tenicapeme.

Tepachuaches.

Tepemaca.

Terocodame.

136 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

^[Bull.127

Tet.

Tetanauoica.

Tetecores.

Tilijaes.

Tinapihuayas.

Tocas.

Tonzaumacagua.

Tripas Blancas (a Spanish

term

sig.

"whitebellies").

Tuancas.

Tumamar.

Tumpzi.

Tusanes.

Tusonid.

Tuteneiboica.

Unojita(?).

Uracha.

Utaca(?).

Venados

(a Spanish

term

sig. "deer people").

Vende

Flechas (a Spanish

term

sig.

"arrow

sellers").

Viayan,

Viddaquimamar.

Xarame.

Xiabu.

Yacdossa.

Ybdacax.

Yman.

Ymic.

Yoricas.

Ysbupue.

Yem^.

Yu6.

Yurguimes.

Zorquan.

The Choyapin, or Tiopin, may have been Tonkawan but probably belonged to the present group. The Muruam, Nonapho, Pulacuam, Sijame, Simaomo, Tetzino, and Tishim may have been Coahuiltecan or Tonkawan, and the Pataquilla and Tiopane were Karankawan or Coahuiltecan.

Besides

these,

Cabeza de Vaca supplies us with a number

of tribal

names

in

use on

this

coast 150 years

earlier.

He speaks

of

a "People of the Figs" without giving

their

native name. The others

are:

Cultalchuchesor Cultalculches.

Deaguanes

or Deguenes, Decubadaos.

Guaycones.

Guevenes

or Quevenes.

Han.

IguacesorYeguaces.

Maliacones.

Aguenes.

Anagados.

Arbadaos.

At ay

OS.

Avavares.

Camolas.

Camones.

Caoques,

Cahoques

or

Capoques

Charruco.

Chauauares.

Coayos.

Comos.

Cuchendados.

Mariames.

Mendica.

Quitoles.

Susolas.

The location

of

the Han at the eastern end

of

Galveston Island suggests that the

tribe

may have been Atakapan and the word a form

of ail

or han,

sig.

"house." The Caoques or Cahoques were certainly the Coaque or Coco, a Karankawan

tribe.

The Atayos were probably the Toho, a Tonkawan band. The Mariames are

also identifiable

at a

^later

date with the Muruam, perhaps a Tonkawan

tribe.

In

fact

the greater number

of

these

tribes

were probably

either

Tonkawan or Karankawan. In the

later

Spanish period we

find

only

five

Karankawa bands or

tribes,

including the Karankawa proper,

about Matagorda Bay, t^e Coaque or Coko, just mentioned, the

Copano, the Coapite, and the Kohani.

Swanton]

LINGUISTIC MATERIAL FROM SOUTHERN TEXAS 137 Cabeza de Vaca

also

mentions two words

of

an unidentified

lan-

guage, mira aca or

arraca,

"men," and

x6,

"dog," the

last

mentioned perhaps pronounced "sho." There

is

an s-sound

in

the names

applied to dogs

in

the extant

dialects

but otherwise there

is little

resemblance between these words and any

su;rviving

terms

of

com- parable

significance.

EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL RELATIONS OF THE SOUTH