CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
B. Theoretical Framework
7. Factor in translation
As we know translation is not easy for the learner of course.
Because there are many factor that feel with students. There is it can from internal and then external factors. Here the researcher can conclude that the difficulties look from the factor there are two factors. This statement the researcher takes references from the book of one the explanation of translation. Translation is a complex process, involving linguistic and nonlinguistic factors. This research seeks to show how these factors constitute the main source of translation difficulties.20
We can look that the difficulties of translation are two factors it can be explain in this point:
a. Linguistic Factors
Linguistic factors exert a direct and crucial influence upon the process of translation. Each of the linguistic factors, lexical, syntactic and textual, can interfere with translation. It can safely be assumed that Interlingua differences constitute a main source of translation difficulties. Other problems, include the sheer size of the undertaking, as indicated by the number of rules and dictionary entries that a realistic system will need, and the fact that there are many constructions whose
19 Yola Safitri, “An Analysis Of Students Translation Quality (Accuracy, Readability and Acceptability) In Translating An Informative Text Entitled Yseali To Indonesian”.2018.
20Nida, Eugene. A & Taber, Charles. R. 1982. The Theory and practice of translation. E. J Brill, Leiden. 60.
grammar is poorly understood, in the sense that it is not clear how they should be represented, or what rules should be used to describe the meaning in translation process. So this problem it we can look that most of us didn‟t understood the use of grammar. Many of words that cannot we understood then we have to translate each words and sentences but our ability in grammar is poor or less. It can be a big problem in the process of translation.
b. Non-linguistic Factors
Non-linguistic factor involves the knowledge in ideology, Cultural, historical, political-social, chemistry, science, technical, biology, Medical, Agricultural, and Economics. Translating work to bridge the Cultural gap between two worlds and make communication possible between different linguistic communities. There are linguistics and non-linguistics problems in translation. Those problems appear because there are differences between language and culture. The English attentive on linguistics genre like “he and she”. Both of them in Bahasa Indonesia have the same meaning of “dia”.
According Burdah, the problems of nonlinguistik divide social, culture, history and ideological. This problem will be used as the biggest glasses in dealing with translation. There are four general
categories of difficulty experienced by students in translating a text.21 they are:
a. Difficult to understand the meaning of word that not find in dictionary.
b. Difficult to translate the idiomatic phrases and collide with culture.
c. Difficult to translate the long and complex sentence.
d. Difficult to arrange the text in target language.
The explanation of categories will explain in this theoreticall used some theory:
a. Difficult to understand meaning the word that not find in dictionary Sometimes you‟ll see a word you‟re not sure of, so you look it up in a dictionary and lo and behold, it‟s missing. You may conclude it‟s not a „real word‟ or maybe not even a word at all. But this is premature. Most words that people look up but fail to find in a dictionary are words they just don‟t happen to be in that dictionary.
This is especially likely with rare, obsolete, technical, slang, and very new words.22
b. Difficult to translate the idiomatic phrases and collide with culture.
Translating idiom is cannot be translated as word for word.
Translator should understand the meaning first before translating the
21 Dedek Sugi Hartini, 2019. The Analysis of student’s difficulties in translating argumentative text from English to Indonesian at the second grade students of MAN Tebing Academic Year 2018/2019.
22 Stanley, carol king and nency building skill for the toefl, 2014 .https://archive.org/details/buildingskillsfo00caro
whole meaning. During the process of translation, there are some difficulties that might be encountered by translator. Those difficulties are classified as lexical difficulties, stylist difficulties, and cultural difficulties.23
c. Difficult to translate the long and complex sentence.
The students were difficult in translating long sentences, the students made errors in translating the sentence then made the reader confused to read the student's translation. Because the students were difficult to translate long sentences, there are many words that the students did not translate, and then the target language was not clear.24
d. Difficult to arrange the text in target language.
A translation is a text. It is words arranged in sentences, and sentences arranged in larger structures, in a non-arbitrary way according to the conventions of language, with the purpose of communicating something in particular.25
Based on the problem in translation, Researcher can include that the factor that felt by students there are two factors. There are from linguistic factor and Nonlinguistic factor. In linguistic factor the researcher can get the point that in linguistic factor as translator or if we do translation of the text we have should understanding the
23 Dian Paramita Ayuningtyas. Students’ difficulties in translating idiomatic expression from English into Indonesian. Vol. 2,2018.
24 Fevi Noviyanti. An analysis of the students‟ difficulties in translating English to Indonesian at sixth semester of IKIP PGRI Bojonegoro. 2020.
25 Muhizin Muchtar, Farida Repelita Waty Kembaren. Translation theory and practice. 2018.
grammar that used. For instance we can get the noun, verb and other from grammar. Then we should know how the tense it uses, such as tenses of past tense and present tense or other tense. After this we go to the second factor, the second factor we have a big problem in our activity or our habit.
When we do translation many of us felt difficulties, there are can look from our feeling, and our social. We can look that many of us difficult in we don‟t understand the meaning, we don‟t understand how to use the words that has a difference functions meanwhile the meaning it same. And most of students of course the researcher too felt difficult when we do translation with the long sentences so that we confused to get the point of the message or text.