CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
A. Findings
This chapter deals with the result of the research which divided into two selections, they were research findings and discussions where the findings outline the result of data analysis and presented the result of the research findings was taken by observation and interview.
1. Forms of Teacher Creativity in using digital learning media during the COVID-19 pandemic
The data found by the researchers came from the results of observations and interviews. In the observation, researchers saw how the teaching process of teachers using digital learning media to find forms of teacher creativity.
Observations were carried out indirectly, only observing through video recordings from the teacher's cellphone because at the time of data collection, learning had begun face-to-face.
Based on observations about teacher creativity in using digital learning media, researchers found that teachers used several platforms as digital learning media. They use WhatsApp, Google classroom, google form, youtube. So the use of multiple platforms is a form of teacher creativity that can be categorized into 3 main forms.
a. Fluency
According to Guilford’s, Fluency in thinking refers to the ability to generate a large number of ideas that flow quickly from one's mind. In fluency in thinking, the emphasis is on quantity, not quality.
Here, Fluency is the ability of teachers to generate ideas quickly and precisely according to situations that occur, especially in the use of digital learning media. Based on the results of observations, Teachers can quickly choose and determine what platforms are appropriate to the conditions and situations.
Some time ago, learning could be done face to face, but when the covid 19 variant emerged, the teacher quickly and precisely re-determined the platform as a digital learning medium so that learning continued well. The results of the observations show that learning used wa, google classroom, google form, youtube, zoom, quiziz
This was evidenced by interviews with teachers about digital media used by teachers in learning. The S Teacher said that
T1: “Dalam proses pembelajaran saya menggunakan youtube, whatsapp dan google classroom, google form”
(In the leaning process I use youtube,whatsapp, google classroom, google form)
Another statement from the teacher H, she said that
T2: “Kalau dalam pembelajaran, selama ini terutama pada masa pandemi kita menggunakan beberapa aplikasi yang pasti wa, google clasroom, quiziz, google form, youtube”
(In the learning, so far, especially during the pandemic we use several applications, which are definitely whatsapp, google classroom, quiziz, google form, youtube)
The statement form Mrs. H was also almost the ssame as the statement Mrs. U.
she said that
T3: “Salah satunya googleclassrrom, biasa juga lewat wa grup, google form, biasa juga kita variasikan dengan memberikan link pembelajaran melalui youtube”
(One of them is Google classrom, usually through wa groups, google forms, we also usually vary it by providing learning links via youtube)
The use of platforms in online learning made teachers have to master technology because the ability to operate applications or platforms can support learning. Based on the findings, researchers saw that teachers have basic skills in mastering applications that support media development, teachers operated it well.
Judging by the teacher's ability to used learning media from the beginning to the end of the lesson. About the operation of digital learning media, teachers did not have any difficulties in utilizing the existing features.
This was evidenced from the results of teacher interviews about the operation of digital learning media used by teachers. The Mr. S said
T1: “terkait pengoperasian medianya selama ini lancar lancar saja”
(so far, it has been running smoothly)
Another statement from Mrs.H. She said that
T2: “Kalau selama ini lancar lancar saja tergantung jaringan lagi.
Mengenai Pengiriman tugsnya kadang siswa kesulitan apalagi kirim
video jadi butuh waktu lama” tugsnya kadang siswa kesulitan apalagi kirim video jadi butuh waktu lama”
(If it's been running smoothly, it just depends on the network again.
Regarding the delivery of assignments, sometimes students have difficulty especially sending videos so it takes a long time)
The statement form Mrs. H was also almost the same as the statement Mrs. U. she said that
T3: “Alhamdulillah berjalan lancar tapi biasnya tergantung pada jaringan, kalau jaringan jelek pasti terkendala disitu, tapi kalau secara tekhnisnya Alhamdulillah”
(Alhamdulillah, it runs smoothly but usually depends on the network, if bad network must be constrained there, but if technically so far so good)
To get ideas quickly, teachers took the time to think about the right way to find solutions to every problem that occurs in the learning process, based on findings, teachers study independently and attend seminars on the use of digital learning media.
This was evidenced with the teacher interview, teacher S said that
T1: “selama pandemi ini saya banyak berdiskusi dengan guru lain yang ikut pelatihan, jadi kita berdiskusi tentang hal apa saja yang dibahas disana”
(during the pandemic, I discussed a lot with other teachers who participated in the seminar, so we discussed about what thing are discussed in the seminar)
Next, another statement from Mrs. H, she said that
T2: “kalau secara umum selama pandemic, guru guru belajar otodidak saja, ada beberapa senior yang ikut seminar online juga, jadi ada pelatihannya juga ada otodidaknya juga”
(In general, during the pandemic, teachers are only self-taught, there are some teacher who took part in taining but that's online too, there is training and there is also self-taught)
The statement form Mrs. H was also almost the same as the statement Mrs. U. she said that
T3: “Cara mendapatkanny tidak sulit karena banyaknya seminar seminar ya yang diadakan melalui online dan juga itulah gunanya google karena semua yang menjadi pertanyaan atau problem bisa di selesaikan melalui google”
(How to get it, of course is not difficult because there are many seminars that are held online and that's what Google is for because everything that becomes a question or problem can be solved via Google)
So it can be concluded that the teacher used Media wa, google classroom, youtube and google form, zoom, quiziz and it can be seen that teachers have the ability to operate these media well because they often study and attend seminars to generate lots of ideas
b. Flexibility
According to Guilford’s, The ability to produce several ideas, answers, or varied questions, to see a problem from different perspectives, to look for alternatives or different directions, and to use a variety of approaches or ways of thinking is referred to as thinking flexibility.
Here, flexibility is the teacher's ability to generate various ideas, including the teacher's ability to combine platforms with one another as digital learning media and also the learning steps when combining these media. Based on the observations, certification teachers were also creative in using online learning
media, such as using WhatsApp media. Teachers were able to in combining them so that online learning looks interesting. Such as combining WhatsApp media with Google Classroom, Whatsapp with Youtube, WhatsApp media with Google Internet. Creative teachers in the use of online learning media are seen from their use, such as teachers combining WhatsApp media with Youtube media. Teachers did not only use WhatsApp as the only learning media, when delivering material the teacher used learning videos obtained from trusted sources such as YouTube.
The explanation of the material was also conveyed through PPT media which was made clearly and concisely, the explanation material was done by sending a recording or voice notes that are in the WhatsApp application. Teachers also used Google Classroom media as online learning media because the features applied to Google Classroom were more efficient. Such as space for sending assignments, space for sending materials, and learning motivations were also separate, and scheduling for sending assignments can also be arranged in google classroom.
This was evidenced with the teacher intervie. Mr S said that
T1: “selalu kita kombinasikan karena bagaimana caranya siswa belajar kalau tidak di kombinasikan, misalnya lewat wa kita kasi instruksi dan materi dan penugasannya lewat google classroom”
(We always combine it because that is how students learn if it is not combined. it's like whatsapp, giving instructions through there and assignments through Google Classroom)
The statement form Mrs. H was also almost the same as the statement Mrs. U. she said that
T2: “Iya karena yang secara umum yang kita pake itu wa kemudian di kombinasikan dengan googleclasrrom disesuaikan materinya, tapi skrng tidak terlalu aktif sekali karena sudah mulai tatap muka”
(Yes, generally we use whatsapp then combined with Google Classroom and other media according to the material, but now it's not very active because it's face-to-face)
Next, another statement form Mrs. H, she said that
T3: “Tentu kita gabungkan ya misanya kita kirim video, teks atau foto.
jadi pasti selalu ada kombine antara satu media dengan media lainnya”
(Of course we combine it, for example, we send videos, texts or photos so there must always be a combination between one media and another)
Based on the interview, teachers did not only focus on one media but used more than two in the learning process so that students more easily understand the material given by the teacher.
In the learning process using digital media, several steps are carried out, namely filling out absences, delivering material and assignments. Based on the observations the teacher started learning according to the learning steps. The first was greetings, giving the motivation to learn, delivering learning objectives, then the teacher asked students to fill in the absences and fill in the absences depending on the teacher, the teacher also can use a link or list names via WhatsApp. Then The teacher conveyed the material accompanied by giving assignments to students. In the assessment and collection of assignments, each teacher has their
own method. Some teachers chose the process of collecting assignments via WhatsApp, Google Classroom on the same day. Some teachers chose the process of collecting assignments where the teacher asks students to write them down in a book and then gather at school.
This was evidenced with the interview by Mr S, he said that
T1: ”Jadi proses pembelajarannya mulai dari mengingatkan siswa mengenai absen, saya meminta siswa untuk melist nama mereka lewat whatsapp, kemudian memberikan materi, materinya saya ambil di youtube kemudian saya bagikan di grup dan saya juga menjelaskan materinya dan pemberian tugasnya melalui google clasroom, terkait pembatasan waktunya saya kasi kelonggaran untuk pengumpulannya saya kasi waktu 2×24 jam 2hari, jadi saya tidak meminta kepada siswa untuk mengumpulkan tugasnya diwaktu itu juga.”
(So the learning process starts from reminding students about absences, I just ask students to list their names via whatsapp, then give the material, I take the material on youtube then I share it in the group and I also explain the material. And giving assignments via Google Classroom, regarding the time limit, I gave allowances for collection, I gave 2×24 hours 2 days, so I didn't ask students to collect their assignments at that time)
The statement form Mrs. H was also almost the same as the statement Mrs. U. she said that
T2: “Dalam proses pembelajaran biasanya melalui gmeet biasanya ibu sudah ingatkan sebelumnya jadi mam sudah standby di google meet, batasnya 10 menit. Karena waktunya singkat 2×40 menit saja jadi sebelum masuk kelas biasanya pada malam hari ibu ingatkan bahwa besok kita belajar lewat google meet dan 10 menit harus sudah bersiap,mengenai absen ibu biasanya lewat wa dan ibu pernah buatkan link google form (…) pada menit awal pemberian materi, ibu membuat materi melalui video dan upload ke goglclasroom dan begitu pun tugasnya mam kasih masuk ke google classroom, batas pengumpulan tugsnya di berikan toleransi 2×24 jam. Terkait penilaian, jadi saya buat komitmen dengan siswa melalui wa siapa
yang pertama kali mengirim tugasnya akan mendapatkan nilai 100, yang kedua itu 99 dan seterusnya berdasarkan pengumpulannya.
Pada saat ujian saya lewat quiziz untuk latihan saja(...).”
(In the learning process through googlemeet, usually I have reminded before. so mam already standby on google meet, the limit is 10 minutes. Because the time is short 2×40 minutes so before going to class usually at night mom reminds us that tomorrow we study through google meet and 10 minutes must be prepared, regarding absences, mom usually goes through wa and mom has made a google form link (...) In the early minutes of giving the material, mam made material via video and uploaded it to google classroom and so was the task, I enter the google classroom, the limit for collecting assignments is given a tolerance of 2 × 24 hours.
Regarding the assessment, so I made a commitment with the students through Wa, who is the first to send the assignment will get a score of 100, the second is 99 and so on based on the collection. At the time of the exam I passed quiziz for practice only)
Next another statement from Mrs. H, She said that
T3: “… Mengenai absenya biasanya lewat link dan whatsapp tapi tergantung karena kalau lewat link, katanya tidak ada kuota tapi biasa juga saya percayakan ketua kelas untuk memeriksa kehadiran temannya jadi pertemuan berikutnya saya ambil informasinya.
Evaluasinya biasa lewat google form Pemberian materi lewat zoom, dan tugasnya lewat clasroom, kalau lewat wa ada beberapa video yang ditayangkan selain itu lewat voice note bisa juga jadi kita kombinasikan yang mana leboh mudah.(…)”
(Regarding the absence, usually via a link and whatsapp, but it depends because if you go through the link, it says there is no quota.
But it's also common for me to entrust the class president to check the attendance of his friend, so I will take the information at the next meeting. Giving material via zoom, and assignments via google classroom, if via wa, there are several videos that are shown then via voice notes can explain like that. so we just combine which one is easier)
c. Originality
Originality (originality / authenticity), namely the ability to generate new and distinct ideas, consider the unusual arrangement of parts or elements.
In this case, the digital learning media products produced by the teacher must be different from other media that have been made previously. However, teachers can make modifications if the media they want to develop has already been made before.
Based on the findings, the content of the teaching media used still a standard video which was made independently by recording oneself in explaining a concept or material. Alternatively, they also used the YouTube platform to search for learning videos such as interesting animated videos to be sent to students via WA and Google Classroom. In this case, the teacher admitted that creativity in creating learning media was still very limited.
This was evidenced with the results of interviews Mr S. He said that
T1: “(…) saya hanya menggunakan media yang sudah ada karena lebih banyak pilihan, kalau kita yang buat sendiri kan repot”
(…) I only use existing media because there are more choices because if we make it ourselves, it's a hassle)
Next, another statement from Mrs. H. She said that
T2: “Medianya hanya berupa video saja, file Gabungan jadi ada yang dari youtube, ada juga yang saya buat sendiri”
(The media is only in the form of videos, files Combined so some are from YouTube, some are made by myself)
The statement form Mrs. H was also almost the same as the statement Mrs. U. she said that
T3: “Kalau media digital belum, saya hanya memakai media yang sudah ada tapi kalau media manual saya pernah buat misalnya dadakan, kemarin ada mahasiswa ppg, materi tentang invitation saya buatkan siswa contoh undangan”
(No, I only use existing media, but if I made manual media, for example an impromptu, yesterday there was a PPG student with invitation material, I made an birthday invitation, wedding invitation)
2. The problem faced by teacher in using digital learing media during the covid 19 pandemic
Indeed, the problem faced by teachers lies in it is implementation so that the learning process is less effective and efisien. The problem are about networks and limited supportintg facilities.
1. Networks
Based on the findings, one of the main problems faced by many students was a slow internet network. Online learning requires a fairly strong internet network considering the media used was Zoom, Google Meet, Wa, YouTube, Google forms, and other applications to attend video conferences. Network problems cause ineffective learning and students cannot absorb the information conveyed by the teacher as a whole.
2. lack of facilities
Another problem encountered was that some students did not have a computer or android device. The conditions made it difficult for them to face reality. On the one hand, some demands must be carried out as a student. On the other hand, they were faced with a lack of supporting facilities.
This was evidenced with the result of interview regarding the problem faced by teacher in using digital learing media. Mr S said that:
T1: “selama daring ini, masalah yang timbul karena siswa yang tidak punya hp, karena kalau jaringan saya rasa sudah bagus, yang menjadi kendala itu siswa yang tidak punya hp, terpaksa kita suruh mengantar tugasnya kesekolah” (The problem I'm facing while online, the problem arises because students don't have handphone. I think the network is good, but the problem is students who don't have handphones, we have to tell them to take their assignments to school)
Next, another statement from Mrs. H. she said that
T2: “Hampir semuanya sama, kalau pembuatan videonya itu aman saja, kendalanya pada pengaplikasiannya pada siswa karena semua materi tugas dan apapun itu informasinya lewat google clasroom tapi siswa banyak kendala untuk membukanya jadi saya share ulang ke whatsapp. Kendala hp juga, ada beberapa siswa yang tidak punya hp”
(Almost everything is the same. if the making of the video is safe, the problem is with the student because all task materials and whatever the information is via google classroom but students have many problems opening it so I share it again on whatsapp. There are also Handphone problem, there are some students who don't have handphone)
The statement form Mrs. H was also almost the same as the statement Mrs. U. she said that
T3: “kendalanya jaringan,dan tidak punya hp tapi mengenai hp tidak menjadi kendala serius karena saya berikan kemudahan kepada siswa tentang mengerjakan tugasnya”
(The problem is the network, the student don’t have handphone, but it is not a serious problem because I make it easy for students to do their assignments)
Network constraints and students did not have their own cellphones made the learning process a bit delayed and the interaction between teachers and students is also hampered. In addition the researcher found that there were students who were less active in participating in the learning process.
3. The teacher overcome the problem faced in using digital learning media digital
Based on the observations, some of the problems faced by teachers in online learning related to limited facilities such as gadgets/laptops or internet networks were interrelated with each other where all of these problems result in disruption of the learning process so that it will cause delays in the process of working on assignments from all students.
If the network is not stable, learning activities will be interrupted, so the teacher minimizes all obstacles both from network disturbances by extending the delivery period of assignments, making learning materials simpler and easier to understand. To overcome electronic devices that did not support it, one way that is