III. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CODE
7. HAZAR-SUSAH
Hazar-susah (Hebrew chatsar cucah, Josh 19:5), Hazar-susim (Hebrew chatsar cucim, 1 Ch 4:31). As it stands, the name means “station of a mare” or “of horses,” and it occurs along with Beth-marcaboth, “place of chariots,” which might suggest depots for trade in chariots and horses. The sites have not been identified.
W. Ewing HAZAR-ADDAR; HAZAR-ENAN; HAZAR-GADDAH;
HAZAR-HATTICON; HAZAR-MAVETH; HAZAR- SHUAL; HAZAR-SUSA; HAZAR-SUSIM
<ad’-ar>; <e’-nan>; <gad’-a>; <hat’-i-kon>; <ma’-veth>; <shoo’-al>;
<su’-sa>; <su’-sim>.
See HAZAR.
HAZAZON-TAMAR
<haz’-a-zan-ta’-mar> ([rm;T; ˆxox}j”, chatsatson tamar]; the King James Version Hazezon Tamar): “Hazazon of the palm trees,” mentioned (Gen 14:7) as a place of the Amorites, conquered, together with En-mishpat and the country of the Amalekites, by Chedorlaomer; in 2 Ch 20:2 it is
identified with EN-GEDI (which see); and if so, it must have been its older name. If this identification be accepted, then Hazazon may survive in the name Wady Husasah, Northwest of `Ain Jidy. Another suggestion, which certainly meets the needs of the narrative better, is that Hazazon-tamar is the Thamara of Eusebius, Onomasticon (85 3; 210 86), the [Qamarw, Thamaro], of Ptol. xvi.3. The ruin Kurnub, 20 miles West-Southwest of the South end of the Dead Sea — on the road from Hebron to Elath — is supposed to mark this site.
E. W. G. Masterman HAZEL
<ha’-z’-l> (Gen 30:37 the King James Version).
See ALMOND.
HAZELELPONI
<haz-el-el-po’-ni>.
See HAZZELELPONI.
HAZER-HATTICON; HAZARHATTICON
<ha’-zer-hat’-i-kon>.
See HAZAR.
HAZERIM
<ha-ze’-rim>, <haz’-er-im> ([µyrixej}, chatserim]): Is rendered in the King James Version (Dt 2:23) as the name of a place in the Southwest of Palestine, in which dwelt the Avvim, ancient inhabitants of the land. The word means “villages,” and ought to be translated as in the Revised
Version (British and American). The sentence means that the Avvim dwelt in villages — not in fortified towns — before the coming of the Caphtorim, the Philistines, who destroyed them.
HAZEROTH
<ha-ze’-roth>, <haz’-er-oth> ([twOrxej}, chatseroth], “enclosures”): A camp of the Israelites, the 3rd from Sinai (Nu 11:35; 12:16; 33:17; Dt 1:1).
It is identified with `Ain Chadrah (“spring of the enclosure”), 30 miles Northeast of Jebel Musa, on the way to the ‘Arabah.
See WANDERINGS OF ISRAEL.
HAZEZON-TAMAR
<haz’-e-zon-ta’-mar> [rm;T; ˆxox}j”, chatsatson tamar], Gen 14:7 the King James Version; [rm;T; ˆxox]j”, chatstson tamar], 2 Ch 20:2).
See HAZAZON-TAMAR.
HAZIEL
<ha’-zi-el> ([aeyzij}, chazi’el], “God sees”): A Levite of the sons of Shimei, of David’s time (1 Ch 23:9).
HAZO
<ha’-zo> ([wOzj}, chazo], fifth son of Nahor (Gen 22:22)): Possibly the eponym of a Nahorite family or clan.
HAZOR
<ha’-zor> ([rwOxj;, chatsor]; [Nasw>r, Nasor]; Codex Sinaiticus, [ jAsw>r, Asor], 1 Macc 11:67):
(1) The royal city of Jabin (Josh 11:1), which, before the Israelite conquest, seems to have been the seat of a wide authority (Josh 11:11). It was taken by Joshua, who exterminated the inhabitants, and it was the only city in that region which he destroyed by fire (11:11-13). At a later time the Jabin Dynasty appears to have recovered power and restored the city (Jdg 4:2).
The heavy defeat of their army at the hands of Deborah and Barak led to
their final downfall (Jdg 4:23 ff). It was in the territory allotted to Naphtali (Josh 19:36). Hazor was one of the cities for the fortification of which Solomon raised a levy (1 Ki 9:15). Along with other cities in Galilee, it was taken by Tiglathpileser III (2 Ki 15:29). In the plain of Hazor, Jonathan the Maccabee gained a great victory over Demetrius (1 Macc 11:67 ff). In Tobit 12 it is called “Asher” Septuagint [Ash>r, Aser]), and Kedesh is said to be “above” it. Josephus (Ant., V, v, 1 ) says that Hazor was situated over the lake, Semechonitis, which he evidently identifies with the Waters of Merom (Josh 11:13). It must clearly be sought on the heights West of el-Chuleh. Several identifications have been suggested, but no certain conclusion can be reached. Some (Wilson and Guerin) favor Tell Harreh to the Southeast of Qedes, where there are extensive ruins. Robinson thought of Tell Khureibeh, 2 1/2 miles South of Qedes, where, however, there are no ruins. We may take it as certain that the ancient name of Hazor is preserved in Merj el-Chadireh, Southwest of Qedes, and North of Wady
`Uba, and in Jebel Chadireh, East of the Merj, although it has evidently drifted from the original site, as names have so often done in Palestine.
Conder suggests a possible identification with Chazzur, farther South, “at the foot of the chain of Upper Galilee .... in position more appropriate to the use of the chariots that belonged to the king of Hazor” (HDB, under the word).
(2) A town, unidentified, in the South of Judah (Josh 15:23).
(3) A town in the South of Judah (Josh 15:25).
See KERIOTH-HEZRON.
(4) A town in Benjamin (Neh 11:33) now represented by Khirbet Chazzar, not far to the East of Neby Samwil.
(5) An unidentified place in Arabia, smitten by Nebuchadnezzar (Jer 49:28,33).
W. Ewing HAZOR-HADATTAH
<ha’-zor-ha-dat’-a> (Aramaic [hT;d”j} rwOxj;, chatsor chadhattah],
“New Hazor”): “An Aramaic adjective, however, in this region is so strange that the reading must be questioned” (Di). One of the “uttermost cities .... of Judah toward the border of Edom” (Josh 15:25). Eusebius and
Jerome describe a “New Hazor” to the East of Ascalon, but this is too far North.
HAZZELELPONI
<haz-e-lel-po’-ni> ([yniwOPl]l,X]h”, hatstselelponi]): A feminine name occurring in the list of the genealogy of Judah (1 Ch 4:3); probably representing a clan.
HE
<ha> (h): The fifth letter of the Hebrew alphabet; transliterated in this Encyclopedia as h” It came also to be used for the number 5. For name, etc., see ALPHABET.
HEAD
<hed> ([vaOr, ro’-sh], Aramaic [vare, re’sh], and in special sense
[tl,GOl]Gu, gulgoleth], literally, “skull,” “cut-off head” (1 Ch 10:10), whence Golgotha (Mt 27:33; Mk 15:22; Jn 19:17); [hv;a}r”m], mera’ashah], literally, “head-rest,” “pillow,” “bolster” (1 Ki 19:6); [dqod]q;, qodhqodh], literally, crown of the head (Dt 28:35; 33:16,20; 2 Sam 14:25; Isa 3:17; Jer 48:45); [lz,r]q;, barzel], “the head of an axe” (Dt 19:5, the Revised
Version margin “iron”; 2 Ki 6:5); [hb;h;l,, lehabhah], [tb,h,l”,
lahebheth], “the head of a spear” (1 Sam 17:7); [kefalh>, kephale]): The first-mentioned Hebrew word and its Aramaic form are found frequently in their literal as well as metaphorical sense. We may distinguish the following meanings: