IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Perf. & Preterpl. S. te>tup-e e>tw D. eton e>twn P. ete e>twsan Indef. 1. S. tu>y-ai a>sqw
D. asqon a>sqwn P. asqe a>sqwsan Indef. 2. S. tu>p-ou e>sqw
D. esqon e>sqwn P. esqe e>sqwqan
OPTATIVE MOOD: Ei]qe.
Perf. & Plup S. tetu>p-oimi oiv oi D. oiton oi>thn P. oimen oite oien Indef. 1. S. tuy-ai>mhn aio aito
D. ai>meqon aisqon ai>sqhn P. ai>meqa aisqe ainto Fut. 1. S. tuy-oi>mhn oio oito
D. oi>meqon oisqon oi>sqhn}
P. oi>meqa oisqe ointo
Indef. 2. S. tup-oi>mhn oio oito D. oi>meqon oisqon oi>sqhn P. oi>meqa oisqe ointo Fut. 2. S. tup-oi>mhn oio oito
D. oi>meqon oi~sqon oi>sqhn P. oi>meqa oi~sqe oi~nto
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD: ’Ea>n.
Perf. & Plup. S. tetu>p-w h|v h|
D. hton hton P. wmen hte wsi Ind. 1. & Fut. 1. S. tu>y-wmai h| htai
D. w>meqon hsqon hsqon P. w>meqa hsqe wntai Indef. 2. S. tu>p-wmai h| htai
D. w>meqon hsqon hsqon P. w>meqa hsqe wntai
Cognate Tenses in the Middle Voice.
Present and Imperfect.
Indic. tu>ptomai, ejtupto>mhn, Imper. tu>ptou, Opt. tuptoi>mhn, Subj. tu>ptwmai, Infin. tu>ptesqai, Part. tupto>menov.
Future 1.
Indic. tu>yomai, Opt. tuyoi>mhn, Infin. tu>yesqai, Part. tuyo>menov.
Indefinite 1.
Indic. ejtuya>mhn, Imper. tu>yai, Opt. tuyai>mhn, Subj. tu>ywmai+, Infin. tu>yasqai, Part. tuya>menov.
Perfect and Preterpluperfect.
Indic. te>tupa, ejtetu>pein, Imper. te>tupe, Opt. tupoi>mhn, Subj. tetu>pw+, Infin. tetupe>nai, Part. tetupw>v.
Indefinite 2.
Indic. e<tupo>mhn, Imper. tupou~, Opt. tupoi>mhn, Subj. tu>pwmai, Infin. tupe>sqai, Part. tupo>menov.
Future 2.
Indic. tupou~mai, Opt. tupoi>mhn, Infin. tupei~sqai, Part. tupou>menov.
Future 1. (Liquids.)
Indic. sperou~mai, Opt. speroi>mhn, Infin. sperei~sqai, Part. sperou>menov.
A Verb Deponent in omai forms the Second Future and Second Indefinite Tenses as those of the middle Voice; as, puqou~mai, ejpuqo>mhn: The First Future and First Indefinite as decqh>somai, ejde>cqhn: The other Tenses as those of the Passive.
The Tenses that are Passively formed have a Passive signification; the others, mostly an Active.
Few Verbs have all the Tenses.
A Verb Deponent is thus conjugated: —
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Pres. de>comai, Imp. ejdeco>mhn, Fut. 1. de>xomai, Indef. 1. ejdexa>mhn, Perf. de>degmai, Preterpl. ejdede>gmhn Paulo-post F. dede>xomai, Indef. 2.ejde>cqhn, Fut. 2. decqh>somai.
IMPERATIVE.
Pres. de>cou, Indef. 1. de>xai, Perf. de>dexo, Indef. 2. de>cqhti.
OPTATIVE.
Pres. decoi>mhn, Fut. 1. dexoi>mhn, Indef. 1. dexai>mhn, Perf. dedegme>nov ei]hn, Paulo-post F. dedxoi>mhn, Indef.
2.decqei>hn,
Fut. 2. decqhsoi>mhn.
SUBJUNCTIVE.
Pres. de>cwmai, Indef. 1. de>xwmai. Perf. dedegme>nov w+, Indef. 2. decqw~.
INFINITIVE.
Pres. deco>menov, Fut. 1. de>xesqai, Indef. 1. de>xasqai, Perf. dede>cqai, Paulo-post F. dede>xesqai, Indef. 2.decqh~nai, Fut. 2. decqh>sesqai.
PARTICIPLES.
Pres. deco>menov Fut. 1. dexo>menov, Indef. 1. dexa>menov, Perf. dedegme>nov, Paulo-post F. dedexo>menov, Indef. 2. decqei<v, Fut. 2. decqhso>menov.
SECTION IX.
OF CONTRACT VERBS.
1.
V
ERBS in a>w, e>w, o>w, contract all the Persons of the Present and Imperfect: In the other Tenses, they are conjugated as other Verbs.2. The First Future and Perfect lengthen the last syllable but one, by changing a, e, into h o into w as, timh>sw, teti>mhka file>w, filh>sw, pefi>lhka cruso>w, crusw>sw, kekru>swka.
3. The Perfect Passive casts away k, as in the Fourth Conjugation.
4. But Verbs in a>w, that have e, i, l, or r pure, before aw, form their Future in asw, and Preterperfect in aka as, eja>w, eja>sw, ei]aka.
5. Also dika>w, difa>w, dra>w, qla>w, kla>w, ma>w, and mima>w, na>w, pa>w, spa>w, tala>w, fqa>w, fla>w: Verbs redundant in annu>w or a>skw as, peta>w or petannu>w, dra>w or didra>skw.
6. A few have both h>sw and a>sw as, ajloa>w, ajnia>w, ajfa>w, iJla>w, kna>w, krema>w, mhka>w, pela>w, peina>w, peira>w, pera>w, ajra>omai,
moira>omai.
7. Sometimes k in the Preterperfect is rejected, and the last but one shortened; as, ge>ghka, ge>gaa e[&hka, e[&aa whence the usual Participles, gegaw<v, gegw>v eJsaw<v, eJsw>v.
8. Some Verbs in e>w make esw and eka as, aijde>w, aijsce>w, ajle>w, ajrke>w, ejme>w, e[w, ze>w, ke>w, neike>w, xe>w, ojle>w, tele>w, tre>w. And Redundants in ennu>w or e>skw as, ajmfie>w or ajmfiennu>w, ajre>w or are>skw.
9. Some have both e>sw, eka, and h>sw, hka as, aijne>w, ble>w, khde>w, kore>w, kote>w, poqe>w, &ere>w, fore>w, aijde>omai, ajke>omai,
ajcqeomai, mace>omai game>w, h>sw, e>sw pone>w, h>sw, e>sw de>w, dh>sw, de>deka kale>w, kale>sw, ke>klhka.
10. Some Dissyllables in e>w make eu>sw, euka as, qew, new, pne>w, ple>w, rJe>w, ce>w.
11. Some Verbs in o>w make o>sw, oka as, ajro>w, ajro>sw, h]rwka ejnno>w, ejmo>w, ojno>w: But bo>w has Bo>sw and bw>sw.
12. Circumflex Verbs generally want the Second Indefinite, Second Future, and Preterperfect Middle.
ACTIVE VOICE.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Present.
1. S. tim-a>w w~, a>eiv a~|v, a>ei a~|, D. a>eton, a~ton, a>eton a~ton,
P. a>omen w~men, a>ete a~ete a~te, a>ousi w~si 2. S. fil-e>w w~, e>eiv ei~v, e>ei ei~,,
D. e>eton ei~ton, e>eton ei~ton,,
P. e>omen ou~men, e>ete ei~te, e>ousi ou~si 3. S. crus-o>w w~, o>eiv oi~v, o>ei oi~,
D. o>eton ou~ton, o>eton ou~ton,
P. o>omen ou~men, o>ete ou~te, o>ousi ou~si Imperfect.
1. S. ejti>m-aon wn, aev av, ae a, D. a>eton a~ton, ae>thn a>thn, P. a>omen w~men, a>ete a~te aon wn
2. S. ejfil-eon oun, eev eiv, ee ei, D. e>eton ei~ton, ee>thn ei>thn,
P. e>omen ou~men, e>ete ei~te, eon oun 3. S. ejcru>s-oon oun, oev ouv, oe ou,
D. o>eton ou~ton, oe>thn ou>thn,
P. o>omen ou~men, o>ete ou~te, oon oun IMPERATIVE.
Present and Imperfect.
1. S. ti>m-ae a, ae>tw a>tw, D. a>eton a~ton, ae>twn a>twn, P. a>ete a~te, ae>twsan a>twsan 2. S. fi>l-ee ei, ee>tw ei>tw,
D. e>eton ei~ton, ei>twn ei>twn, P. e>ete ei~te, ee>twsan ei>twsan 3. S. cru>s-oe ou, oe>tw ou>tw,
D. o>eton ou~ton, oe>twn ou>twn, P. o>ete ou~te, oe>twsan ou>twsan
OPTATIVE.
Present and Imperfect.
1. S. tim-a>oimi w~|mi, a>oiv w~|v a>oi w~|, D. a>oiton w~|ton, aoi>thn w|>thn
P. a>oimen w~|men, a>oite w~|te, a>oien w~|en 2. S. fil-e>oimi oi~mi, e>oiv oi~v, e>oi oi,
D. e>oiton oi~ton, eoi>thn oi>thn,
P. o>oimen oi~men, o>oite oi~te, o>oien oi~en 3. S. crus-o>oimi oi~mi, o>oiv oi~v, o>oi oi~,
D. o>oiton oi~ton, ooi>thn oi>thn,
P. o>oimen oi~men, o>oite oi~te, o>oien oi~en
SUBJUNCTIVE.
Present and Imperfect.
1. S. tim-a>w w~| a>h|v a~|v, a>h| a~|, D. a>hton a~ton, a>hton a~ton,
P. a>wmen w~men, a>hte a~te, a>wsi w~si 2. S. fil-e>w w~, e>h|v h~|v, e>h| h~|,
D. e>hton h~ton, e>hton h~ton,
P. e>wmen w~men, e>hte h~te, e>wsi w~si 3. S. crus-o>w w~, o>h|v oi~v, o>h| oi~,
D. o>hton w~ton, o>hton w~ton,
P. o>wmen w~men, o>hte w~te, o>wsi w~si INFINITIVE.
Present and Imperfect.
1. tima>ein a~|n, 2. file>ein ei~n 3. cruso>ein ou~n
PARTICIPLES.
Present.
1. tim-a>wn w~n, a>ousa w~sa, a>on w~n,
Gen. a>ontov w~ntov, aou>shv w>shv, a>ontov w~ntov 2. fil-e>wn w~n, e>ousa ou~sa, e>on ou~n,
Gen. e>ontov ou~ntov, eou>shv ou>shv, e>ontov ou~ntov 3. crus-o>wn w~n, o>ousa ou~sa, o>on ou~n,
Gen. o>ontov ou~ntov, oou>shv ou>shv, o>ontov ou~ntov
PASSIVE VOICE.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Present.
1. S. tim-a>omai w~mai, a>h| a~|, a>etai a~tai,
D. ao>meqon w>meqon, a>esqon a~sqon, a>esqon a~sqon, P. ao>meqa w>meqa, a>esqe a~sqe, a>ontai w~tai~
2. S. fil e>omai ou~mai, e>h| h~|, e>etai ei~tai,
D. eo>meqon ou>meqon, e>esqon ei~sqon, e>esqon ei~sqon, P. eo>meqa ou>meqa, e>esqe ei~sqe, e>ontai ou~ntai 3. S. crus-o>omai ou~mai, o>h| ou~, o>etai ou~tai,
D. oo>meqon ou>meqon, o>esqon ou~sqon, o>esqon ou~sqon, P. oo>meqa ou>meqa, o>esqe ou~sqe, o>ontai ou~ntai
Imperfect.
1. S. ejtim-ao>mhn w>mhn, a>ou w~, a>eto a~to,
D. ao>meqon w>meqon, a>esqon a~sqon, ae>sqhn a>sqhn, P. oo>meqa w>meqa, a>esqe a~sqe, a>onto w~nto
2. S. ejfil-eo>mhn ou>mhn, e>ou ou~, e>eto ei~to,
D. eo>meqon ou>meqon, e>esqon ei~sqon, ee>sqhn ei>sqhn, P. e>omeqa ou>meqa, e>esqe ei~sqe, e>onto ou~nto
3. S. e<crus-oo>mhn ou>mhn, o>ou ou~, o>eto ou~to.
D. oo>meqon ou>meqon, o>esqon ou~sqon, oe>sqhn ou>sqhn, P. oo>meqa ou>meqa, o>esqe ou~sqe, o>onto ou~nto
IMPERATIVE.
Present and Imperfect.
1. S. tim-a>ou w~, ae>sqw a>sqw,
D. a>esqon a~sqon, ae>sqwn a>sqwn, P. a>esqe a~qse, ae>sqwsan a>sqwsan 2. S. fil-e>ou ou~, ee>sqw ei>sqw,
D. e>esqon ei~sqon, ee>sqwn, ei>sqwn, P. e>esqe ei~sqe, ee>sqwsan ei>sqwsan 3. S. crus-o>ou ou~, oe>sqw ou>sqw,
D. o>esqon ou~sqon, oe>sqwn ou>sqwn, P. o>esqe ou~sqe, oe>sqwsan ou>sqwsan
OPTATIVE.
Present and Imperfect.
1. S. tim-aoi>mhn w|>mhn, a>oio w~|o, a>oito w~|to,
D. aoi>meqon w|>meqon, o> oisqon a~|sqon, aoi>sqhn w>sqhn P. aoi>meqa w|>meqa, a>oisqe w~|sqe, a>ointo a~|nto
2. S. fil-eoi>mhn oi>mhn, e>oio oi~o, e>oito oi~to,
D. eoi>meqon oi>meqon, e>oisqon oi~sqon, eoi>sqhn oi>sqhn, P. eoi>meqa oi>meqa, e>oisqe oi~sqe, e>ointo oi~nto
3. S. crus-ooi>mhn, o>ooio oi~o, o>oito oi~to,
D. ooi>meqon oi>meqon, o>oisqon oi~sqon, ooi>sqhn oi>sqhn, P. ooi>meqa oi>meqa, o>oisqe oi~sqe, o>ointo oi~nto
Perfect.
1. S. tetim-h>mhn h~o h~to D. h>meqon h~sqon h>sqhn P. h>meqa h~sqe h~nto 2. S. pefil-h>mhn h~o h~to
D. h>meqon h~sqon h>sqhn P. h>meqa h~sqe h~nto 3. S. kecrus-w>mhn w~o w~to
D. w>meqon w~sqon w>sqhn P. w>meqa w~qse w~nto
SUBJUNCTIVE.
Present and Imperfect.
1. S. tim-a>wmai w~mai, a>h| a~| a>htai a~tai,
D. aw>meqon w>meqon, a>hsqon a~sqon, a>hsqon a~sqon, P. aw>meqa w>meqa, a>hsqe a~sqe, a>wntai w~ntai 2. S. fil-e>wmai w~mai, e>h| h~|, e>htai h~tai,
D. ew>meqon w>meqon, e>hsqon h~sqon, e>hsqon h~sqon, P. ew>meqa w>meqa, e>hsqe h~sqe, e>wntai w~ntai 3. S. crus-o>wmai w~mai, o>h| oi~, o>htai w~tai,
D. ow>meqon w>meqon, e>hsqon h~sqon, e>hsqon h~sqon, P. ow>meqa w>meqa, o>hsqe w~sqe, o>wntai w~ntai
Perfect.
1. S. tetim-w~mai h~| h~tai D. w>meqon h~sqon h~sqon P. w>meqa h~sqe w~ntai 2. S. pefil-w~mai h~| h~tai
D. w>meqon h~sqon h~sqon P. w>meqa h~sqe w~ntai 3. S. kecrus-w~mai w~ w~tai
D. w>meqon w~sqon w~sqon P. w>meqa w~sqe w~ntai
INFINITIVE.
Present and Imperfect.
1. tim-a>esqai a~sqai, 2. fil-e>esqai ei~sqai 3. crus-o>esqai ou~sqai.
PARTICIPLES.
Present.
1.tim-ao>menov w>menov, aome>nh wme>nh, ao>menon w>menon, etc.
2.fil-eo>menov ou>menov, etc.
3.crus-oo>menov ou>menov, etc.
The Middle Voice is contracted like the Passive.
SECTION X.
OF VERBS IN Mi.
1.
M
OST Verbs in mi are formed from Contract Verbs; hmi from a>w and e>w, wmi from o>w.2. They are formed by changing w into mi, and the short characteristic vowels, a, e, o, into their long ones, h, w, and by prefixing the
Reduplication to the first consonant with i.
3. But if that consonant be long by Position, only i is prefixed; as,
%Ishmi, (from sa>w,) sh>sw, e[shka Ti>qhmi, (from qe>w,) qh>sw, te>qeika Di>dwmi, (from do>w,) dw>sw, de>dwka
4. Some Verbs in mi have a letter inserted after their Reduplication, as in pi>mplhmi, pi>mprhmi and some are without a Reduplication; as, fhmi<, sbh~mi, a[lwmi.
5. Sometimes, though seldom, e in the Reduplication is used instead of i as, te>qnhmi, from qna>w.
6. If the Verb has no Reduplication, the Imperfect and Second Indefinite are the same; as, fhmi<, e]fhn.
7. But the Imperfect is not so often used as one formed as it were from iJsa>w, tiqe>w, dido>w viz. i[v-wn, av, a, etc., ejti>q-oun, eiv ei, etc.
ejdi>d-wn, wv, w, etc.
8. So likewise for the Second Person Singular of the Imperative is often used i[sa, ti>qei, didou.
9. They have no Second Future Tense, nor Second Indefinite in the Passive, or Perfect in the Middle Voice.
10. Qe<v, e{v, and do<v, are commonly used for qh~ti, h}qi, and dw~qi: qei~nai, ei+nai, and dou~nai, for qh~nai, h+nai, and dw~nai: Te>qeika is also used in the Perfect Tense for te>qhka.
11. These three Indefinites e]qhka, e]dwka, and h=ka, have k instead of s, and are seldom found in any Mood but the Indicative, unless in Compound Verbs.
ACTIVE VOICE.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Present.
1. S. i[s-hmi hv hsi D. aton aton P. amen ate a~si 2. S. ti>q-hmi hv hsi D. eton eton P. emen ete ei~si 3. S. di>s-wmi wv wsi D. oton oton P. omen ote ou~si
Imperfect.
1. S. i[s-hn hv h D. aton a>thn P. amen ate asan 2. S. ejti>q-hn hv h D. eton e>thn P. emen ete esan 3. S. ejdi>d-wn wv w D. oton o>thn P. omen ote osan
Indefinite 2.
1. S. e]s-hn hv h D. hton h>thn P. hmen hte hsan 2. S. e]q-hn hv h D. eton e>thn P. emen ete esan 3. S. e]d-wn wv D. oton o>thn P. omen ote osan
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Present and Imperfect.
1. S. i[saqi iJsa>tw D. i[saton iJsa>twn P. i[sate iJsa>twsan 2. S. ti>qeti tiqe>tw D. ti>qeton tiqe>twn P. ti>qete tiqe>twsan 3. S. di>doqi dido>tw D. di>doton dido>twnP.di>dote dido>twsan
Indefinite 2.
1. sh~qi sh>tw, etc.
2. qe<v qe>tw, etc.
3. do<v do>tw, etc.
OPTATIVE MOOD: Ei]qe.
Present.
1. S. iJsai>-hn hv h D. hton h>thn
P. hmen hte hsan and ai~en 2. S. tiqei>-hn hv h
D. hton h>thn
P. hmen hte hsan and ei~en 3. S. didoi>-hn hv h
D. hton h>thn
P. hmen hte hsan and oi~en
Indefinite 2.
1. sai>-hn hv, etc.
2. qei>-hn hv, etc.
3. doi>-hn hv, etc.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD:
’Ea>n.
Present.
1. S. iJs-w~ a~|v a~|
D. a~ton a~ton P. w~men a~te w~si 2. S. tiq-w~ h~|v h~|
D. h~ton h~ton P. w~men h~te w~si 3. S. did-w~ w~|v w~|
D. w~ton w~ton P. w~men w~te w~si
Indefinite 2.
1. sw~sh~|v, etc. 2. qw~ qh~|v, etc.3. dw~ dw~|v, etc.
INFINITIVE MOOD.
Present 1. iJsa>nai. 2. tiqe>nai. 3. dido>nai.
Indef. 2. 1. sh~nai. 2. qei~nai. 3. dou~nai.
PARTICIPLES.
Present.
1. iJs-a<v a~sa a<n ,Gen. a>ntov a>shv a>ntov 2. tiq-ei<v ei~sa e<n , e>ntov eishv e>ntov 3. did-ou<v ou~sa o<n o>ntov ou>shv o>ntov
Indefinite 2.
1. sa<v sa~sa sa<n Gen. sa>ntov sa>shv sa>ntov 2. qei<v qei~sa qe<n qe>ntov qei>shv qe>ntov 3. dou>v dou~sa do<n do>ntov dou>shv do>ntov
PASSIVE VOICE.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Present.
1. S. i[s-amai asai or h| atai D. a>meqon asqon asqon P. a>meqa asqe qntai 2. S. ti>q-emai esai or h| etai
D. e>meqon esqon esqon P. e>meqa esqe entai 3. S. di>d-omai osai otai
D. o>meqon osqon osqon P. o>meqa osqe ontai
Imperfect.
1. S. iJs-a>mhn aso or w ato D. a>meqon asqon a>sqhn P. a>meqa asqe anto 2. S. eJtiq-e>mhn eso or ou eto
D. e>meqon esqon e>sqhn P. e>meqa esqe ento
3. S. ejdid-o>mhn oso or ou oto D. o>meqon osqon o>sqhn P. o>meqa osqe onto
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Present.
1. S. i[s-aso or w a>sqw D. asqon a>sqwn P. asqe a>sqwsan 2. S. ti>q-eso or ou e>sqw
D. asqon e>sqwn P. esqe e>sqwsan 3. S. di>d-oso or ou o>sqw
D. osqon o>sqwn P. osqe o>sqwsan
OPTATIVE MOOD:
Ei]qe.
Present.
1. S. iJs-ai>mhn ai~o ai~to D. ai>meqon ai~sqon ai~sqhn P. ai>meqa ai~sqe ai~nto 2. S. tiq-ei>mhn ei~o ei~to
D. ei>meqon ei~sqon ei>sqhn P. ei>meqa ei~sqe ei~nto 3. S. did-oi>mhn oi~o oi~to
D. oi>meqon oi~sqon oi>sqhn P. oi>meqa oi~sqe oi~nto
Perfect.
1. S. eJs-ai>mhn ai~o ai~to D. ai>meqon ai~sqon ai>sqhn P. ai>meqa ai~sqe ai~nto 2. S. teq-ei>mhn ei~o ei~to
D. ei>meqon ei~sqon ei>sqhn P. ei>meqa ei~sqe ei~nto 3. S. ded-oi>mhn oi~o oi~to
D. oi>meqon oi~sqon oi>sqhn P. oi>meqa oi~sqe oi~nto