CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
C. Population and Sample 1. Population
Population is the entire research subject to be studied.4 In this research, the population is all students of the third grade of MAN Pinrang which consist 9 classes, divided into 6 MIPA and 2 Social, and 1 Agama.
3 Burhan Bungin.. Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif: Komunikasi, Ekonomi, dan Kebijakan
Publik Serta Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Lainnya. Jakarta: Kencana. p48-49, 2005.
4 Suharsimi Arikunto. Prosedur Penelitian. Yogyakarta: Rineka Cipta. p115, 2002.
X Y
Class Female Male Total
XII MIPA 1 22 13 35
XII MIPA 2 20 15 35
XII MIPA 3 19 15 34
XII MIPA 4 21 13 34
XII MIPA 5 22 12 34
XII MIPA 6 21 14 35
XII SOSIAL 1 17 21 38
XII SOSIAL 2 20 15 35
XII AGAMA (MAN) 6 19 19
TOTAL 168 131 299
2. Sample
The sample is a portion of the population or representative of the population to be studied.5 In this research, researchers using random sampling techniques and take 3 classes which is MIPA 1, MIPA 2, and MIPA 6 out of a total of 90 students. According to Akbar and Usman, the main characteristic of this sampling is every element of the whole population has an equal chance of being selected.6
5 Saifuddin Azwar. Metode Penelitian. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Belajar. p79, 1998.
6 Akbar, Usman.. Metedologi Penelitian Sosial. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. 2006.
No. Class
Gender
Total Female Male
1 XII MIPA 1 22 13 35
2 XII MIPA 2 20 15 35
3 XII MIPA 6 21 14 35
D. Techniques of Collection Data 1) Questionnaire
Questionnaire is a data collection technique that is carried out by giving a set of written questions to respondents to answer, which can be given in person or by post or the internet. This questionnaire is said to be a data collection method which is efficient if the researcher knows for sure the variables to be measured and knows anything that can be expected from the results research respondents.7 The questionnaire used in this study is a closed questionnaire, namely a questionnaire that has been provided with answers, so that respondents just choose and answer directly.8
2) Observation
Observation is a way of collecting data by direct observation and systematic recording of the object to be studied. The observation took a very important role
7 Anwar, Suroyo. Pemahaman Individu, observasi, checklist, interview, kuesioner dan
sosiometri, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. 2009.
8Sugiyono.. Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Afabeta. 2008.
in this study since the researcher want to see and find out how the teaching and learning of English are going on in the Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Pinrang.
Through this observation, the researcher will observe directly and collecting data of students at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Pinrang.
3) Documentation
Documentation is one way that can be used to collect data or sources of useful information for researchers in the form of notes, important documents that will help researchers. According to Arikunto writes the documentation method can be implemented by (a) Guidelines for documentation which contains the outlines or categories for which you want to look up data. (b) Check-list research using this documentation method was used by the researcher to obtain data in the form of photos which would be evidence that the researcher properly conducts the research.9
E. The Operational Definition of a Variable 1) Video
Video media is everything related to material (software) and hardware, namely objects that can be seen, heard, or touched with the five senses, the emphasis of learning video media is on visual and audio that can be used to convey content teaching materials from learning resources to learning (individual or group), which can stimulate the thoughts, feelings, attention, interests of learners, can capture, process, and reconstruct visual or verbal information in such
9Arikunto, S. Produser Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. 2010.
a way that the learning process (inside/outside the classroom) to be more effective.
As an audio-visual media with elements of movement and sound, video can be used as a teaching aid in various subjects. Objects that are too small, too big, and dangerous or even cannot be visited by students because of their remote location can be presented through instructional video media.
2) Achievement
Achievements can be interpreted as the results obtained due to the presence of the learning activities that have been done.10 Learning achievement is an assessment of the results of learning activities that are expressed in the form of symbols, numbers, letters, and sentences that can reflect the results achieved by each child in a certain period.
Learning achievement is defined as the level of student success in achieving the goals set in a teaching program. The learning achievement indicator is the disclosure of learning outcomes which includes all the psychological domains that have changed as a result of students’ learning experiences and processes
F. Instrument of the Research 1) Questionnaire
Questionnaire is a data collection technique that is carried out by giving a set of written questions to respondents to answer, which can be given in person or by
10 Muhammad Fathurrahman, dan Sulistyorini. Belajar dan Pembelajaran,. Yogyakarta: Teras.
p118. 2012.
post or the internet. This questionnaire is said to be a data collection method which is efficient if the researcher knows for sure the variables to be measured and knows anything that can be expected from the results research respondents.11
The questionnaire used in this study is a closed questionnaire, namely a questionnaire that has been provided with answers, so that respondents just choose and answer directly.12
2) Observation
Observation is a way of collecting data by direct observation and systematic recording of the object to be studied. The observation took a very important role in this study since the researcher want to see and find out how the teaching and learning of English are going on in the Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Pinrang. Through this observation, the researcher will observe directly and collecting data of students at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Pinrang.
3) Documentation
Documentation is one way that can be used to collect data or sources of useful information for researchers in the form of notes, important documents that will help researchers. According to Arikunto writes the documentation method can be implemented by (a) Guidelines for documentation which contains the outlines or categories for which you want to look up data. (b) Check-list research
11 Anwar, Suroyo. Pemahaman Individu, observasi, checklist, interview, kuesioner dan
sosiometri, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. 2009.
12Sugiyono. Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Afabeta. 2008.
using this documentation method was used by the researcher to obtain data in the form of photos which would be evidence that the researcher properly conducts the research.13