• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Quality requirements for HFO/permitted fuels

3. Systems

3.6 Fuel oil system, HFO operation

3.6.1 Quality requirements for HFO/permitted fuels

m

32 M 25 C Propulsion - 04.2012

g) MGO/MDO service tank DT1:

h) Intermediate tank (separate) DT2:

i) Separator DS1:

/…iÊ V>ÃÈwV>̈œ˜Ê ÜVˆïiÃÊ ÀiµÕˆÀiÊ Ì…iÊ ˆ˜ÃÌ>>̈œ˜Ê of at least two service tanks. The minimum volume of each tank should, in addition to the MDO/MGO consumption of the generating sets, enable an eight hours full load operation of the main engine.

Cleaning the MDO/MGO by an additional separator should, first of all, be designed to meet the ÀiµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÃʜvÊ̅iÊ`ˆiÃiÊ}i˜iÀ>̜ÀÊÃiÌÃʜ˜ÊLœ>À`°

The tank should be provided with a sludge compartment including a sludge drain valve and an

œÛiÀyœÜÊ«ˆ«iÊvÀœ“Ê̅iÊ"É"ÊÃiÀۈViÊÌ>˜Ž°

Capactiy 49 l

Recommended for MGO ,iµÕˆÀi`ÊvœÀÊ"

The utilisation must be in accordance with the makers official recommendation (details from the head office).

6effÊQŽ}ɅRÊrÊä°ÓÓÊUÊ*eng. [kW]

3. Systems

m

3. Systems

Requirements for residual fuels for diesel engines (as bunkered)

DesignationCIMAC A10CIMAC B10CIMAC C10CIMAC D15CIMAC E25CIMAC F25CIMAC G35CIMAC H35CIMAC K35CIMAC H45CIMAC K45CIMAC H55CIMAC K55 Related to ISO8217 (2010):E-RMA10RMB30RMB30RMD80RME180RMF180RMG380RMH380RMK380RMH500RMK500RMH700RMK700 CharacteristicDim.Limit Density at 15°Ckg/m³max960 2)975 3)980 4)9919911,0109911,0109911,010 Kin. viscosity at 100°Cmax101525354555 cSt 1)min6 5)15 5) Flash point°Cmin606060606060 Pour point (winter) (summer)°Cmax0 6243030303030 Carbon residue (Conradson)% (m/m)max12 6)1414152018222222 Ash% (m/m)max0.100.100.100.150.150.150.150.15 Total sedim, after ageing% (m/m)max0.100.100.100.100.100.10 Water% (V/V)max0.30.50.50.50.50.50.5 Sulphur% (m/m)max3.53.53.53.53.53.5 Vanadiummg/kgmax50150150200350350450450450 Aluminium + siliconmg/kgmax25404060606060 Zincmg/kgmax151515151515 Phosphormg/kgmax151515151515 Calciummg/kgmax303030303030 An indication of the approximate equivalents in kinematic viscosity at 50 °C and Redw. I sec. 100 °F is given below: Kinematic viscosity at 100 °C mm²/s (cSt) 7 10 15 25 35 45 55 Kinematic viscosity at 50 °C mm²/s (cSt) 30 40 80 180 380 500 700 Kinematic viscosity at 100 °F Redw. I sec. 200 300 600 1,500 3,000 5,000 7,000 Fuel shall be free of used lube oil (ulo)

2) ISO: 920 3) ISO: 960 4) ISO: 975 5)ISO: not limited 6)ISO: Carbon residue 2.5/10

Contents

m

34 M 25 C Propulsion - 04.2012

3. Systems

3.6.2 Heavy fuel operation

C76 , C78

UÊ *i>ŽÊ«ÀiÃÃÕÀiʓ>ݰÊÓäÊL>À UÊ >“«iÀÃÊÀiVœ““i˜`i`

General notes:

œÀʏœV>̈œ˜]Ê`ˆ“i˜Ãˆœ˜ÃÊ>˜`Ê`iÈ}˜Ê­i°}°Êyi݈LiÊVœ˜˜iV̈œ˜®ÊœvÊ̅iÊVœ˜˜iV̈˜}Ê«œˆ˜ÌÃÊ see engine installation drawing.

vÊ>ʺÕiÊœˆÊÃÕ««ÞÊ>˜`ÊLœœÃÌiÀʓœ`ՏiºÊˆÃÊÃÕ««ˆi`ÊLÞÊ>ÌiÀ«ˆ>Àʜ̜Ài˜]Ê>ÀÀ>˜}i“i˜ÌÊ and scope of the supply components are to be gathered from the module schema.

œ˜‡ÀiÌÕÀ˜ÊÛ>ÛiÃʅ>ÛiÊ̜ÊLiÊëÀˆ˜}ʏœ>`i`Ê`ÕiÊ̜ʫՏÃ>̈œ˜Êˆ˜Ê̅iÊvÕiÊˆ˜ið

Accessories and fittings:

ÎÊ Ê "É"ÊVœœiÀ DP1 Diesel oil feed pump DR2 Pressure regulating valve DT1 Diesel oil day tank DT2 Diesel oil intermediate tank

£ÊÊ Ê ˆ˜iÊwÌiÀÊ­`Õ«iÝÊwÌiÀ®

ÓÊÊ Ê *Àˆ“>ÀÞÊwÌiÀ {ÊÊ Ê -ivÊVi>˜ˆ˜}ÊwÌiÀ

£Ê Ê i>ÛÞÊvÕiÊw˜>Ê«Ài…i>ÌiÀ ÓÊ Ê -Ì>˜`‡LÞÊw˜>Ê«Ài…i>ÌiÀ Ê i>̈˜}ÊVœˆ

*£É*ÓÊ *ÀiÃÃÕÀiʫՓ«

*ÎÉ*{Ê ˆÀVՏ>̈˜}ʫՓ«

,£Ê Ê *ÀiÃÃÕÀiÊÀi}Տ>̈˜}ÊÛ>Ûi ,ÓÊ Ê 6ˆÃVœÃˆ“iÌiÀ

/£ÊÊ Ê i>ÛÞÊvÕiÊ`>ÞÊÌ>˜Ž

/ÓÊÊ Ê ˆÝˆ˜}ÊÌ>˜Ž

/{ÊÊ ˆÝˆ˜}ÊÀiViˆÛiÀ

*£ÊÊ ˜iV̈œ˜Ê«Õ“«

+£ÊÊ œÜʵÕ>˜ÌˆÌÞʈ˜`ˆV>̜À Ê Ê iÛiÊˆ˜`ˆV>̜À iÛiÊÃ܈ÌV…Ê…ˆ}…

-ÊÊ iÛiÊÃ܈ÌV…ʏœÜ

*ÊÊ ˆvv°Ê«ÀiÃÃÕÀiʈ˜`ˆV>̜À

*-Ê ˆvv°Ê«ÀiÃÃÕÀiÊÃ܈̅ʅˆ}…

*-Ê ˆvv°Ê«ÀiÃÃÕÀiÊÃ܈ÌV…ʏœÜ

*Ê Ê *ÀiÃÃÕÀiʈ˜`ˆV>̜À

*-ÊÊ *ÀiÃÃÕÀiÊÃ܈ÌV…ʏœÜ PT Pressure transmitter /Ê Ê /i“«iÀ>ÌÕÀiʈ˜`ˆV>̜À 6Ê Ê 6ˆÃVœÃˆÌÞʈ˜`ˆV>̜À 6-Ê 6ˆÃVœÃˆÌÞÊVœ˜ÌÀœÊÃ܈̅ʅˆ}…

6-ÊÊ 6ˆÃVœÃˆÌÞÊVœ˜ÌÀœÊÃ܈ÌV…ʏœÜ

Notes:

vvÊ œÜÊÛiœVˆÌÞʈ˜ÊVˆÀVՈÌÊÃÞÃÌi“Ê”0.5 m/s

“Ê i>`ÊÛi˜ÌÊ«ˆ«iÊLiޜ˜`Ê`>ÞÊÌ>˜ŽÊiÛi

«Ê ÀiiʜÕ̏iÌÊÀiµÕˆÀi`

s Please refer to the measuring point list regarding design of the monitoring devices

tt Pipe is not insulated nor heated ÕÊ Àœ“Ê `ˆiÃiÊ œˆÊ Ãi«>À>̜ÀÊ œÀÊ `ˆiÃiÊ œˆÊ

transfer pump

Ê…i>ÛÞÊvÕiÊ«ˆ«iÃʓÕÃÌÊLiʈ˜ÃՏ>Ìi`°

---- heated pipe Connecting points:

ÇÈÊÊ ˜iÌÊ`Õ«iÝÊwÌiÀ ÇnÊÊ ÕiÊœÕ̏iÌ C80 Drip fuel C81 Drip fuel

C81b Drip fuel (filter pan)

Contents

m

3. Systems

3.6.3 HFO system components

Supply system (separate components):

a) Fine filter (fitted) HF1:

b) Strainer HF2:

A closed pressurized system between day tank and engine is required as well as the installation of an automatic backflushing filter with a mesh size of 10 μm (absolute).

UÊ iÅÊÈâiÊÎ{ʖ“

Without heating

UÊ ˆvviÀi˜Ìˆ>Ê«ÀiÃÃÕÀiʈ˜`ˆV>̈œ˜Ê>˜`Ê>>À“ÊVœ˜Ì>VÌÊ fitted

iÅÊÈâiÊä°ÎÓʓ“

"ÕÌ«ÕÌ [kW]

H1 Ó W

[mm]

”5,000 ÎÓ Ó{™ ÓÓä ÓäÈ 180

”10,000 {ä 330 300 Óxä Ó£ä

”Óä]äää Èx xÓÎ {nä ÓÈä 355

€ÊÓä]äää 80 șä 700 370 {Îä

Contents

m

36 M 25 C Propulsion - 04.2012

c) Self cleaning filter HF4: iÃ…Ê ÃˆâiÊ £äÊ –“Ê ­>L܏ÕÌi®]Ê “>ŽiÀÊ œÊ EÊ ˆÀV…I]Ê without bypass filter.

IʘÊV>ÃiʜvÊ>ÌiÀ«ˆ>Àʜ̜Ài˜ÊÃÕ««Þ°

3. Systems

”n]äääʎ7]Ê/Þ«iÊȰÈä]Ê Êxä €Ên]äääʎ7]Ê/Þ«iÊȰȣ]Ê Ê£ää

Dismantling of sieve 300 mm

Dismantling of sieve 300 mm

d) Viscosimeter HR2:

e) Pressurizing pumps HP1/HP2:

f) Circulating pumps HP3/HP4:

This device automatically regulates the heating of the final-preheater depending on the viscosity of the bunkered fuel oil, so that the fuel will reach the

˜œââiÃÊ܈̅Ê̅iÊÀiµÕˆÀi`ÊۈÃVœÃˆÌÞÊvœÀʈ˜iV̈œ˜°

Screw type pump with mechanical seal.

˜ÃÌ>>̈œ˜ÊÛiÀ̈V>ÊœÀʅœÀˆâœ˜Ì>°ÊiˆÛiÀÞʅi>`ÊxÊL>À°

Peng. [kW]

>«>VˆÌÞÊ 6ÊQ“ÐɅRÊrÊä°{ÊUÊ

1,000 Screw type pump with mechanical seal.

˜ÃÌ>>̈œ˜ÊÛiÀ̈V>ÊœÀʅœÀˆâœ˜Ì>°ÊiˆÛiÀÞʅi>`ÊxÊL>À°

Peng. [kW]

>«>VˆÌÞÊ 6ÊQ“ÐɅRÊrÊä°ÇÊUÊ

1,000

Contents

m

3. Systems

g) Pressure regulating valve HR1: œ˜ÌÀœÃÊ̅iÊ«ÀiÃÃÕÀiÊ>ÌÊ̅iÊi˜}ˆ˜iʈ˜iÌ]Ê>««ÀœÝ°Ê{ÊL>À°

Engine outputs

”3,000 kW €ÊÎ]äääʎ7

h) Final preheater HH1/HH2:

i) Mixing tank (without insulation) HT2:

i>̈˜}ʓi`ˆ>\

UÊ iVÌÀˆVÊVÕÀÀi˜ÌÊ­“>ݰÊÃÕÀv>ViÊ«œÜiÀÊ`i˜ÃˆÌÞÊ£°£Ê7ÉV“Ô®

UÊ -Ìi>“

UÊ /…iÀ“>Êœˆ

/i“«iÀ>ÌÕÀiÊ>ÌÊi˜}ˆ˜iʈ˜iÌʓ>ݰʣxäÊc°Ê/…iÊ«ˆ«ˆ˜}Ê for both heaters shall be arranged for separate and series operation. Parallel operation with the half yœÜÊÀ>ÌiʓÕÃÌÊLiÊ>ۜˆ`i`Ê`ÕiÊ̜Ê̅iÊÀˆÃŽÊœvÊÏÕ`}iÊ deposition.

Engine output 6œÕ“i Dimensions [mm] Weight

[kW] [l] D E [kg]

”4,000 50 950 323 750 70

”10,000 100 1,700 323 1,500 120

!10,000 200 1,700 406 1,500 175

6i˜Ì

˜iÌÊ from pressure

pump Outlet to

engine

/…iʓˆÝˆ˜}ÊÌ>˜ŽÊVœ“«i˜Ã>ÌiÃÊ«ÀiÃÃÕÀiÊÃÕÀ}iÃÊ܅ˆV…Ê

œVVÕÀʈ˜Ê̅iÊ«ÀiÃÃÕÀˆÃi`Ê«>ÀÌʜvÊ̅iÊvÕiÊÃÞÃÌi“°ÊœÀÊ̅ˆÃÊ purpose there has to be an air cushion in the tank.

Contents

m

38 M 25 C Propulsion - 04.2012

3. Systems

j) Settling tanks HT5/HT6:

k) Day tank DT1/HT1:

˜Ê œÀ`iÀÊ ÌœÊ i˜ÃÕÀiÊ >Ê ÃÕvwVˆi˜ÌÊ ÃiÌ̏ˆ˜}Ê ivviVÌ]Ê Ì…iÊ following settling tank designs are permitted:

UÊ ÓÊ ÃiÌ̏ˆ˜}Ê Ì>˜ŽÃ]Ê i>V…Ê ÜˆÌ…Ê >Ê V>«>VˆÌÞÊ ÃÕvwVˆi˜ÌÊ for 24 hours full load operation of all consumers UÊ £Ê ÃiÌ̏ˆ˜}Ê Ì>˜ŽÊ ÜˆÌ…Ê >Ê V>«>VˆÌÞÊ ÃÕvwVˆi˜ÌÊ vœÀÊ ÎÈÊ

hours full load operation of all consumers and automatic filling

UÊ -iÌ̏ˆ˜}ÊÌ>˜ŽÊÌi“«iÀ>ÌÕÀiÊÇäʇÊnäÊc

/ܜÊ`>ÞÊÌ>˜ŽÃÊ>ÀiÊÀiµÕˆÀi`°Ê/…iÊ`>ÞÊÌ>˜ŽÊV>«>VˆÌÞÊ

“ÕÃÌÊVœÛiÀÊ>Ìʏi>ÃÌÊ{ʅœÕÀÃɓ>ݰÊÓ{ʅœÕÀÃÊvՏÊœ>`Ê

œ«iÀ>̈œ˜Ê œvÊ >Ê Vœ˜ÃՓiÀÃ°Ê ˜Ê œÛiÀyœÜÊ ÃÞÃÌi“Ê into the settling tanks and sufficient insulation are ÀiµÕˆÀi`°Ê/…iÊÌ>˜ŽÊŜՏ`ʅ>ÛiÊ>ÊÏÕ`}iÊë>ViÊ܈̅Ê

>Ê Ì>˜ŽÊ LœÌ̜“Ê ˆ˜Vˆ˜>̈œ˜Ê œvÊ «ÀiviÀ>LÞÊ £äc]Ê ÜˆÌ…Ê sludge drain valves at the lowest point, and is to be iµÕˆ««i`Ê܈̅ʅi>̈˜}ÊVœˆÃ°

Guide values for temperatures

ÕiÊۈÃVœÃˆÌÞ V-ÌÉxäÊc

Tank temperature QcR

30 - 80 70 - 80

80 - 180 80 - 90

€Ê£näʇÊÇää “>ݰʙn

l) Separators HS1/HS2: Caterpillar Motoren recommends to install two self-

cleaning separators. Design parameters as per supplier recommendation. Separating temperature

™nÊctÊ>ŽiÀÊ>˜`ÊÌÞ«iÊ>ÀiÊ̜ÊLiÊ>`ۈÃi`ÊLÞÊ>ÌiÀ«ˆ>ÀÊ Motoren.

Contents

m

3. Systems

3.6.4 Heavy fuel oil supply and booster standard module

­*ÀiÃÃÕÀˆâi`Ê-ÞÃÌi“®]ÊÕ«Ê̜Ê"ÊÇääÊvœÀÊÃÌi>“Ê>˜`Ê̅iÀ“>ÊœˆÊ…i>̈˜}]ÊÕ«Ê̜Ê"Ê£näÊvœÀÊiiV̰ʅi>̈˜}

Technical specification of the main components:

a) Primary filter FIL1

Ê £Ê«V°Ê`Õ«iÝÊÃÌÀ>ˆ˜iÀÊx{äʓˆVÀœ˜Ã

b) Fuel pressure pumps, vertical installation SP1/SP2 2 pcs. screw pumps with mechanical seal

c) Pressure regulating system PCV1 1 pc. pressure regulating valve d) Self-cleaning fine filter AF1

1 pc. automatic self cleaning fine filter 10 microns absolute (without by-pass filter) e) Consumption measuring system FLOW1

Ê £Ê«V°ÊyœÜ“iÌiÀÊ܈̅ʏœV>Ê̜Ì>ˆâiÀ f) Mixing tank with accessories T1

Ê £Ê«V°Ê«ÀiÃÃÕÀiʓˆÝˆ˜}ÊÌ>˜ŽÊ Ê Ê Ê >««ÀœÝ°Ê{™ÊÊۜÕ“iÊÕ«Ê̜Ê{]äääʎ7

Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê >««ÀœÝ°Ê™™ÊÊۜÕ“iÊvÀœ“Ê{]ää£Ê‡ÊÓä]äääʎ7

Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê ­ÜˆÌ…ʵՈVއVœÃˆ˜}ÊÛ>Ûi®

g) Circulating pumps, vertical installation BP1/BP2 2 pcs. screw pumps with mechanical seal

h) Final preheater H1/H2

Ê ÓÊ«VðÊÅiÊ>˜`ÊÌÕLiʅi>ÌÊiÝV…>˜}iÀÃÊ Ê i>V…Ê£ääʯʭÃ>ÌÕÀ>Ìi`ÊÇÊL>ÀʜÀÊ̅iÀ“>ÊœˆÊ£näÊc®

each 100 % electrical

UÊ i>̈˜}ʓi`ˆÕ“ÊVœ˜ÌÀœÊÛ>ÛiÊ6£ (steam/thermal oil)

UÊ œ˜ÌÀœÊV>Lˆ˜iÌÊ Ê Ê Ê Ê (electrical)

1 pc. control valve with built-on positioning drive 1 pc. control cabinet for electr. preheater Viscosity control system VA1

Ê £Ê«V°Ê>Õ̜“>̈VÊۈÃVœÃˆÌÞʓi>ÃÕÀiÊ>˜`ÊVœ˜ÌÀœÊÃÞÃÌi“Ê6 Cooler CL1

Ê £Ê«V°ÊÅiÊ>˜`ÊÌÕLiʅi>ÌÊiÝV…>˜}iÀÊvœÀʜ«iÀ>̈˜}ʜ˜Ê"É"

Contents

m

40 M 25 C Propulsion - 04.2012

3. Systems

Module controlled automatically with alarms and starters Pressure pump starters with stand-by automatic

Circulating pump starters with stand-by automatic

*‡Vœ˜ÌÀœiÀÊvœÀÊۈÃVœÃˆÌÞÊVœ˜ÌÀœˆ˜}

Starter for the viscosimeter

˜>œ}ʜÕÌ«ÕÌÊÈ}˜>Ê{ʇÊÓäʓÊvœÀÊۈÃVœÃˆÌÞ Alarms

Pressure pump stand-by start

œÜʏiÛiÊˆ˜Ê̅iʓˆÝˆ˜}ÊÌ>˜Ž

Circulating pump stand-by start Self cleaning fine filter clogged 6ˆÃVœÃˆÌÞÊ>>À“Ê…ˆ}…ɏœÜ

>À“ÃÊ܈̅ʫœÌi˜Ìˆ>ÊvÀiiÊVœ˜Ì>VÌÃ

>À“ÊV>Lˆ˜iÌÊ܈̅Ê>>À“ÃÊ̜Êi˜}ˆ˜iÊVœ˜ÌÀœÊÀœœ“Ê>˜`ÊVœ˜˜iV̈œ˜Ê«œÃÈLˆˆÌÞÊvœÀÊÀi“œÌiÊÃÌ>ÀÌÉÃ̜«Ê>˜`Ê indicating lamp of fuel pressure and circulating pumps

Performance and materials:

/…iÊ܅œiʓœ`ՏiʈÃÊ«ˆ«i`Ê>˜`ÊV>Li`ÊÕ«Ê̜Ê̅iÊÌiÀ“ˆ˜>ÊÃÌÀˆ«Ãʈ˜Ê̅iÊiiVÌÀˆVÊÃ܈ÌV…ÊLœÝiÃÊ܅ˆV…Ê

>Àiʈ˜ÃÌ>i`ʜ˜Ê̅iʓœ`Տi°ÊÊ˜iViÃÃ>ÀÞÊVœ“«œ˜i˜ÌÃʏˆŽiÊÛ>ÛiÃ]Ê«ÀiÃÃÕÀiÊÃ܈ÌV…iÃ]Ê̅iÀ“œ“iÌiÀÃ]Ê }>Õ}iÃÊ iÌV°Ê >ÀiÊ ˆ˜VÕ`i`°Ê /…iÊ vÕiÊ œˆÊ «ˆ«iÃÊ >ÀiÊ iµÕˆ««i`Ê ÜˆÌ…Ê ÌÀ>ViÊ …i>̈˜}Ê ­ÃÌi>“]Ê Ì…iÀ“>œˆÊ œÀÊ electrical) where necessary.

The module will be tested hydrostatically and functionally in the workshop without heating.

Capacity [kW] Type Weight [kg] ÊÝÊ ÊÝÊÊQ““R

2,400 - 3,000 Steam / Thermal Electric

1,800 1,700

Ó]nääÊÝÊ£]ÓääÊÝÊÓ]äää 4,000 - 4,500 Steam / Thermal

Electric

2,600 2,400

Î]äääÊÝÊ£]ÓääÊÝÊÓ]£ää 5,000 - 6,000 Steam / Thermal

Electric

3,200 3,000

Î]ÓääÊÝÊ£]ÎääÊÝÊÓ]£ää 8,000 - 9,000 Steam / Thermal

Electric

3,600 3,200

Î]{ääÊÝÊ£]{ääÊÝÊÓ]£ää 10,000 - 12,000 Steam / Thermal 4,000 Î]ÈääÊÝÊ£]{ääÊÝÊÓ]£ää 13,400 - 16,000 Steam / Thermal 4,200 {]ÓääÊÝÊ£]ÈääÊÝÊÓ]£ää 19,200 - 24,000 Steam / Thermal 5,400 x]äääÊÝÊ£]ÇääÊÝÊÓ]£ää 25,600 - 32,000 Steam / Thermal 6,000 È]äääÊÝÊÓ]äääÊÝÊÓ]£ää

Contents

m

3. Systems

Steam heated

"7£ œÜ“iÌiÀ SP1/SP2

BP1/BP2

Screw displacement pump

£ÉÓ steam heater

£ Cooler

6ˆÃVœÃˆ“iÌiÀ

£ Õ«iÝÊvˆÌiÀ

£ Õ̜“>̈VÊvˆÌiÀ

T1 ˆÝˆ˜}ÊÌ>˜Ž

PD1 Metal bellows accumulator

"6£

"6Î Change over valve

*6£ Pressure regulating valve

Control valve

Y-strainer Steam trap Globe valve œ˜-return valve

Safety valve, angle Magnet valve test valve Brass pres. gauge shock absorber Ball valve locking device Ball valve Butterfly valve

Pipe with insulation

*ˆ«iÊ܈̅ʈ˜ÃՏ>̈œ˜ÊEÊ trace heating Scope of supply module

ˆvv°Ê«ÀiÃÃÕÀiÊ>>À“

*ÊÊ ˆvv°Ê«ÀiÃÃÕÀiʈ˜`ˆV>̜À DPS Diff. pressure switch Ê Ê œÜʈ˜`ˆV>̜À -Ê Ê ˆ“ˆÌÊÃ܈ÌV… ÊÊ iÛiÊ>>À“ʏœÜ -Ê Ê iÛiÊÃ܈ÌV… M Motor drive

*Ê Ê *ÀiÃÃÕÀiʈ˜`ˆV>̜À PS Pressure switch /Ê Ê /i“«iÀ>ÌÕÀiÊ>>À“

/Ê Ê /i“«iÀ>ÌÕÀiʈ˜`ˆV>̜À TS Temperature sensor 6Ê Ê 6ˆÃVœÃˆÌÞÊ>>À“

6ÊÊ 6ˆÃVœÃˆÌÞÊVœ˜ÌÀœiÀ

Symbols

Contents

m

42 M 25 C Propulsion - 04.2012

3. Systems

Thermal oil heated

"7£ œÜ“iÌiÀ SP1/SP2

BP1/BP2

Screw displacement pump

£ÉÓ steam heater

£ Cooler

6ˆÃVœÃˆ“iÌiÀ

£ Õ«iÝÊvˆÌiÀ

£ Õ̜“>̈VÊvˆÌiÀ

T1 ˆÝˆ˜}ÊÌ>˜Ž

PD1 Metal bellows accumulator

"6£

"6Î Change over valve

*6£ Pressure regulating valve

Control valve

Y-strainer Steam trap Globe valve œ˜-return valve

Safety valve, angle Magnet valve test valve Brass pres. gauge shock absorber Ball valve locking device Ball valve

Butterfly valve Pipe with insulation

*ˆ«iÊ܈̅ʈ˜ÃՏ>̈œ˜ÊEÊ trace heating Scope of supply module

ˆvv°Ê«ÀiÃÃÕÀiÊ>>À“

*ÊÊ ˆvv°Ê«ÀiÃÃÕÀiʈ˜`ˆV>̜À DPS Diff. pressure switch Ê Ê œÜʈ˜`ˆV>̜À -Ê Ê ˆ“ˆÌÊÃ܈ÌV… ÊÊ iÛiÊ>>À“ʏœÜ -Ê Ê iÛiÊÃ܈ÌV… M Motor drive

*Ê Ê *ÀiÃÃÕÀiʈ˜`ˆV>̜À PS Pressure switch /Ê Ê /i“«iÀ>ÌÕÀiÊ>>À“

/Ê Ê /i“«iÀ>ÌÕÀiʈ˜`ˆV>̜À TS Temperature sensor 6Ê Ê 6ˆÃVœÃˆÌÞÊ>>À“

6ÊÊ 6ˆÃVœÃˆÌÞÊVœ˜ÌÀœiÀ

Symbols

Contents

m

Electric heated

"7£ œÜ“iÌiÀ SP1/SP2

BP1/BP2

Screw displacement pump

£ÉÓ steam heater

£ Cooler

6ˆÃVœÃˆ“iÌiÀ

£ Õ«iÝÊvˆÌiÀ

£ Õ̜“>̈VÊvˆÌiÀ

T1 ˆÝˆ˜}ÊÌ>˜Ž

PD1 Metal bellows accumulator

"6£

"6Î Change over valve

*6£ Pressure regulating valve

Control valve

Y-strainer Steam trap Globe valve œ˜-return valve

Safety valve, angle Magnet valve test valve Brass pres. gauge shock absorber Ball valve locking device Ball valve

Butterfly valve Pipe with insulation

*ˆ«iÊ܈̅ʈ˜ÃՏ>̈œ˜ÊEÊ trace heating Scope of supply module

ˆvv°Ê«ÀiÃÃÕÀiÊ>>À“

*ÊÊ ˆvv°Ê«ÀiÃÃÕÀiʈ˜`ˆV>̜À DPS Diff. pressure switch Ê Ê œÜʈ˜`ˆV>̜À -Ê Ê ˆ“ˆÌÊÃ܈ÌV… ÊÊ iÛiÊ>>À“ʏœÜ -Ê Ê iÛiÊÃ܈ÌV… M Motor drive

*Ê Ê *ÀiÃÃÕÀiʈ˜`ˆV>̜À PS Pressure switch /Ê Ê /i“«iÀ>ÌÕÀiÊ>>À“

/Ê Ê /i“«iÀ>ÌÕÀiʈ˜`ˆV>̜À TS Temperature sensor 6Ê Ê 6ˆÃVœÃˆÌÞÊ>>À“

6ÊÊ 6ˆÃVœÃˆÌÞÊVœ˜ÌÀœiÀ

Symbols

3. Systems

Contents

m

44 M 25 C Propulsion - 04.2012

3. Systems

3.7 Lubricating oil system

The engine lubricating oil fulfils several basic functions:

UÊ i>˜ˆ˜}Ê̅iÊi˜}ˆ˜iÊvÀœ“Ê`ˆÀÌÊ>˜`ÊÜi>ÀÊ«>À̈Vià UÊ /À>˜Ã«œÀÌ>̈œ˜ÊœvÊ`ˆÀÌÊ>˜`ÊÜi>ÀÊ«>À̈ViÃÊ̜Ê̅iÊwÌiÀÃ

UÊ œœˆ˜}ʜvʅi>̇>vviVÌi`Ê«>ÀÌÃ]ÊÃÕV…Ê>ÃÊ«ˆÃ̜˜]ÊVޏˆ˜`iÀʏˆ˜iÀ]ÊÛ>ÛiÃʜÀÊVޏˆ˜`iÀʅi>`

UÊ *ÀœÌiV̈œ˜ÊœvÊLi>Àˆ˜}ÃÊvÀœ“ÊŜVŽÃʜvÊVޏˆ˜`iÀÊwÀˆ˜}

UÊ ÕLÀˆV>̈œ˜ÊœvʓiÌ>ÊÃÕÀv>ViÃÊÉÊÀi`ÕV̈œ˜ÊœvÊÜi>ÀÊ>˜`ÊvÀˆV̈œ˜

UÊ iÕÌÀ>ˆÃ>̈œ˜ÊœvÊVœÀÀœÃˆÛiÊVœ“LÕÃ̈œ˜Ê«Àœ`ÕVÌà UÊ œÀÀœÃˆœ˜Ê«ÀœÌiV̈œ˜ÊœvʓiÌ>ÊÃÕÀv>ViÃ

3.7.1 Quality requirements of lubricating oil

/…iÊۈÃVœÃˆÌÞÊV>ÃÃÊ-Ê{äʈÃÊÀiµÕˆÀi`°

7i>ÀÊ>˜`ÊÌi>ÀÊ>˜`Ê̅ÕÃÊ̅iÊÃiÀۈViʏˆviʜvÊ̅iÊi˜}ˆ˜iÊ`i«i˜`ʜ˜Ê̅iʏÕLÀˆV>̈˜}ʜˆÊµÕ>ˆÌÞ°Ê/…iÀivœÀiÊ …ˆ}…ÊÀiµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÃÊ>Àiʓ>`iÊvœÀʏÕLÀˆV>˜ÌÃ\

Constant uniform distribution of the additives at all operating conditions. Perfect cleaning (detergent effect) and dispersing power, prevention of deposits from the combustion process in the engine.

-ÕvwVˆi˜ÌÊ>Ž>ˆ˜ˆÌÞʈ˜ÊœÀ`iÀÊ̜ʘiÕÌÀ>ˆâiÊ>Vˆ`ÊVœ“LÕÃ̈œ˜ÊÀiÈ`ÕiðÊ/…iÊ/ Ê­/œÌ>Ê >ÃiÊ Õ“LiÀ®Ê

“ÕÃÌÊLiÊLiÌÜii˜ÊÎäÊ>˜`Ê{äÊ"É}Ê>ÌÊ"ʜ«iÀ>̈œ˜°ÊœÀÊ"ʜ«iÀ>̈œ˜Ê̅iÊ/ ʈÃÊ£ÓʇÊÓäÊ`i«i˜`ˆ˜}Ê on sulphur content.

Contents

m

3. Systems

/…iÊvœœÜˆ˜}ʜˆÃʅ>ÛiÊLii˜ÊÌiÃÌi`Ê>˜`Ê>««ÀœÛi`ÊLÞÊ>ÌiÀ«ˆ>Àʜ̜Ài˜Ê“LÊEʜ°Ê\

Manufacturer Diesel oil/marine-diesel oil operation

"ʜ«iÀ>̈œ˜

* -Ê-Ê-

1Ê£Óä

Ý Ý

1ÊÎääÊ- 1Ê{ääÊ-

Ý Ý

BP ,"Ê*8Ê{ä

,"Ê-Ê·£x{

,"ʇ8ÊÓä{

6 1-ÊÎ

Ý Ý Ý

Ý

,"ʇ8ÊÎä{

,"ʇ8Ê{ä{

Ý Ý

6," ]Ê/8]Ê /8"

"Ê£äääÊ, /,"Ê£ÓÊ8

/,"Ê£ÈÊ8 /,"ÊÓäÊ*

/,"ÊÓäÊ*8

Ý Ý Ý Ý Ý

/,"ÊÎäÊ*

/,"Ê{äÊ8 /,"Ê{äÊ88

Ý Ý Ý

-/," , Ê

*Ê£x{

/8Ê*1-ÊÓä{

Ý Ý Ý

/8Ê*1-ÊÎä{

/8Ê*1-Ê{ä{

Ý Ý

*- ",Ê£x{ä Ý

ESSO 88,Ê£ÓÊ/*

88,ʳ --"1 Ê8ÊÎä£

Ý Ý Ý

88,ÊÎäÊ/*

88,Ê{äÊ/*

88,ÊÎäÊ/*Ê*1- 88,Ê{äÊ/*Ê*1-

Ý Ý Ý

Ý

" " ,Ê{£Ó

" ,Ê

" ,ÊÊ{ÎäÊ

" ,Ê£‡-Ê1)

6Ê£È{ä

Ý Ý Ý Ý

Ý

" ,ÊÊ{Îä

" ,ÊÊ{{ä

" ,ÊÊxä

Ý Ý Ý

-

Ê , Ê- , Ê/

Ý Ý Ý Ý

, Ê/

, Ê8

Ý Ý

/"/Ê1 , ,1 Ê*

-"ÊÊ{ä£x 1,Ê/Ê{äÎä

Ý Ý

Ý 1,Ê/Ê{äÎä

1,Ê/Ê{ä{ä

Ý Ý

Ê ««ÀœÛi`ʈ˜Êœ«iÀ>̈œ˜

Ê *iÀ“ˆÌÌi`ÊvœÀÊVœ˜ÌÀœi`ÊÕÃi

Ê 7…i˜Ê̅iÃiʏÕLiʜˆÃÊ>ÀiÊÕÃi`]Ê>ÌiÀ«ˆ>Àʜ̜Ài˜Ê“ÕÃÌÊLiʈ˜vœÀ“i`ÊLiV>ÕÃiÊ>ÃÊVÕÀÀi˜ÌÞÊ̅iÀiʈÃʈ˜ÃÕvwVˆi˜ÌÊiÝ«iÀˆi˜ViÊ>Û>ˆ>LiÊ vœÀÊ>Êi˜}ˆ˜iðÊ"̅iÀ܈ÃiÊ̅iÊÜ>ÀÀ>˜ÌÞʈÃʈ˜Û>ˆ`°

1)Ê -ޘ̅ïVʜˆÊ܈̅Ê>ʅˆ}…ÊۈÃVœÃˆÌÞʈ˜`iÝÊ­-Ê£xÊ7É{ä®°Ê"˜ÞÊ«iÀ“ˆÌÌi`ʈvÊ̅iʜˆÊˆ˜iÌÊÌi“«iÀ>ÌÕÀiÃÊV>˜ÊLiÊ`iVÀi>Ãi`ÊLÞÊxʇʣäÊc°

Contents

m

46 M 25 C Propulsion - 04.2012

3. Systems

3.7.2 System diagram

General notes:

œÀÊ œV>̈œ˜]Ê `ˆ“i˜Ãˆœ˜ÃÊ >˜`Ê `iÈ}˜Ê ­i°}°Ê yi݈LiÊ Vœ˜˜iV̈œ˜®Ê œvÊ Ì…iÊ Vœ˜˜iV̈˜}Ê points see engine installation drawing.

Pipes are to be connected free of tension to the engine connection.

Notes:

d Opening pressure 1 bar

h Please refer to the measuring point list regarding design of the monitoring devices

o See “crankcase ventilation“ installation

ˆ˜ÃÌÀÕV̈œ˜ÃÊ{‡‡™xÇä ÞÊ *ÀœÛˆ`iÊ>˜ÊiÝ«>˜Ãˆœ˜Êœˆ˜Ì Connecting points:

x£ÊÊ œÀViʫՓ«]ÊÃÕV̈œ˜ÊÈ`i xÎÊÊ ÕLiʜˆÊ`ˆÃV…>À}i xnÊÊ œÀViʫՓ«]Ê`iˆÛiÀÞÊÈ`i x™ÊÊ ÕLiʜˆÊˆ˜iÌ]ʏÕLœˆÊwÌiÀ C91 Crankcase ventilation to stack

Accessories and fittings:

ÓÊÊ ÕLiʜˆÊ>Õ̜“>̈VÊwÌiÀ {ÊÊ -ÕV̈œ˜ÊÃÌÀ>ˆ˜iÀ

£ÊÊ ÕLiʜˆÊVœœiÀ ÓÊÊ ÕLiʜˆÊ«Ài…i>ÌiÀ

*£ÊÊ ÕLiʜˆÊvœÀViʫՓ«

*ÓÊÊ ÕLiʜˆÊÃÌ>˜`‡LÞÊvœÀViʫՓ«

*™ÊÊ /À>˜ÃviÀʫՓ«Ê­Ãi«>À>̜À®

,£ÊÊ ÕLiʜˆÊ̅iÀ“œÃÌ>ÌÊÛ>Ûi ,ÓÊÊ "ˆÊ«ÀiÃÃÕÀiÊÀi}Տ>̈˜}ÊÛ>Ûi -£ÊÊ ÕLiʜˆÊÃi«>À>̜À

/£ÊÊ ÕLiʜˆÊÃՓ«ÊÌ>˜Ž

Ê Ê iÛiÊˆ˜`ˆV>̜À -ÊÊ iÛiÊÃ܈ÌV…ʏœÜ

*ÊÊ ˆvv°Ê«ÀiÃÃÕÀiʈ˜`ˆV>̜À

*-Ê ˆvv°Ê«ÀiÃÃÕÀiÊÃ܈ÌV…Ê…ˆ}…

*Ê Ê *ÀiÃÃÕÀiʈ˜`ˆV>̜À

*-ÊÊ *ÀiÃÃÕÀiÊÃ܈ÌV…ʏœÜ PT Pressure transmitter /Ê Ê /i“«iÀ>ÌÕÀiʈ˜`ˆV>̜À /-Ê /i“«iÀ>ÌÕÀiÊÃ܈ÌV…Ê…ˆ}…

TT Temperature transmitter (PT 100)

Contents

m

3. Systems

3.7.3 Lubricating oil system components

a) Force pump (fitted) LP1:

b) Prelubrication pump (fitted) LP5:

c) Stand-by force pump (separate) LP2:

d) Strainer LF4:

e) Self-cleaning filter (fitted) LF2:

Gear pump

Delivery head 5 bar

Continuous lubrication is carried out with stopped genset.

Starter to be supplied by the yard.

UÊ «iÀÊ i˜}ˆ˜iÊ >VVœÀ`ˆ˜}Ê ÌœÊ V>ÃÈwV>̈œ˜Ê ÜVˆiÌÞÊ ÀiµÕˆÀi“i˜Ì

UÊ ÃVÀiÜÊÌÞ«iÉ}i>ÀÊÌÞ«iʫՓ«

iÅÊÈâiÊÓʇÊÎʓ“

The self-cleaning filter protects the engine against dirt particles which may have accumulated in the oil tank.

/…iÊ wÌiÀÊ ˆÃÊ wÌÌi`Ê >˜`Ê Ài«>ViÃÊ Ì…iÊ `Õ«iÝÊ wÌiÀ°Ê Separate self-cleaning filter as an option possible.

ˆ“i˜Ãˆœ˜ÊÃiiʘiÝÌÊ«>}i°

iÅÊÈâiÊÎäʖ“Ê­>L܏ÕÌi®]ÊÌÞ«iÊȰ{ÈÊ Ê£ää]ʓ>ŽiÊ œÊEʈÀV…°ÊWithout by-pass filter. Without yÕň˜}Ê oil treatment.

Contents

m

48 M 25 C Propulsion - 04.2012

3. Systems

Self-cleaning filter separate LF2 (option)

f) Cooler (fitted on base frame) LH1: Option:

separate plate type (plates made of stainless steel)

Engine B C E S X Y Weight

[kg]

6 M 25 C 435 170 735 205 225 400 160 160 77 80

8/9 M 25 C 485 200 775 245 295 400 180 180 112 100

Contents

m

3. Systems

g) Temperature controller LR1: Separate P-controller with manual emergency

adjustment

Dimensions [mm] Weight

D G [kg]

6 M 25 C 80 200 171 267 151 27

8/9 M 25 C 100 220 217 403 167 47

h) Circulation tank LT1: 6œÕ“i

Ê ÊÊ£°ÇÊUÊ*eng. [kW]

6ÊQ“ÐRÊrÊ

1000

"ˆÊwˆ˜}Ê>««ÀœÝ°ÊnäʯʜvÊÌ>˜ŽÊۜÕ“i°

˜Ê V>ÃiÊ œvÊ >Ê …ˆ}…Ê iÛiÊ Ì>˜ŽÊ “>Ý°Ê Ó°xÊ “Ê >LœÛiÊ crankshaft.

vʘœÊVœvviÀÊ`>“ÊV>˜ÊLiÊ>ÀÀ>˜}i`Ê՘`iÀÊ̅iÊVˆÀVՏ>̈œ˜Ê tank, it is necessary to install a remote controlled shut-off valve into drain pipe, which is not supplied LÞÊ Ì…iÊ i˜}ˆ˜iÊ LՈ`iÀ°Ê œÀÊ Ì…ˆÃÊ V>ÃÃÊ ÀiµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÊ ºvÊ Ì…iÊ Ã…ˆ«Ê ˆÃÊ }ÀœÕ˜`i`Ê ˆÌÊ “ÕÃÌÊ LiÊ «œÃÈLiÊ ÌœÊ prevent seawater entering the engine“ contact the responsible classification society.

Contents

m

50 M 25 C Propulsion - 04.2012

3. Systems

Discharge to circulating tank:

Option:

i) Crankcase ventilation C91:

j) Separator;

treatment at MGO/MDO operation LS1:

k) Separator;

treatment at HFO operation LS1:

ÊÓääÊ>ÌÊ`ÀˆÛˆ˜}Êi˜`ʜÀÊvÀiiÊi˜`°ÊÝ«>˜Ãˆœ˜Êœˆ˜ÌÊÌœÊ be supplied by the yard.

ii«ÊœˆÊ«>˜Ê­ÜiÌÃՓ«®°Ê"ˆÊۜÕ“iÊ>««ÀœÝ°Êä°nʏɎ7Ê output. Please ask for availability.

ÌÊi˜}ˆ˜iÊ£ÊÝÊ Ênä°Ê««ÀœÝ°Ê£Ê“Ê>vÌiÀÊ̅iÊVœ˜˜iV̈œ˜Ê

«œˆ˜Ìʅ>ÃÊ̜ÊLiÊi˜>À}i`ÊÌœÊ Ê£Óx°

ÌÊ “ÕÃÌÊ LiÊ iµÕˆ««i`Ê ÜˆÌ…Ê >Ê Vœ˜`i˜Ã>ÌiÊ ÌÀ>«Ê >˜`Ê Vœ˜Ìˆ˜ÕœÕÃÊ`À>ˆ˜°ÊÌʅ>ÃÊ̜ÊLiÊ>ÀÀ>˜}i`ÊÃi«>À>ÌiÞÊ vœÀÊi>V…Ê}i˜ÃḭÊÀ>˜ŽV>ÃiÊ«ÀiÃÃÕÀiʓ>ݰʣxäÊ*>°

Required with the following design:

UÊ -i«>À>̈˜}ÊÌi“«iÀ>ÌÕÀiÊnxʇʙxÊc UÊ +Õ>˜ÌˆÌÞÊ̜ÊLiÊVi>˜i`Ê̅ÀiiÊ̈“iÃÉ`>Þ UÊ -iv‡Vi>˜ˆ˜}ÊÌÞ«i

6effÊQÉ…RÊrÊä°£nÊUÊ*eng [kW]

Required with the following design:

UÊ -i«>À>̈˜}ÊÌi“«iÀ>ÌÕÀiʙxÊc

UÊ +Õ>˜ÌˆÌÞÊ̜ÊLiÊVi>˜i`ÊwÛiÊ̈“iÃÉ`>Þ UÊ -iv‡Vi>˜ˆ˜}ÊÌÞ«i

6effÊQÉ…RÊrÊä°Ó™ÊUÊ*eng [kW]

Contents

m

3. Systems

3.7.4 Recommendation for lubricating oil system

œÀÊi>V…Êi˜}ˆ˜iÊ>ÊÃi«>À>ÌiʏÕLiʜˆÊÃÞÃÌi“ʈÃÊÀiµÕˆÀi`°

Lube oil quantities/change intervals: ,iVœ““i˜`i`ÉVˆÀVՏ>̈˜}ʵÕ>˜ÌˆÌÞ\

>««ÀœÝ°Ê£°ÎʏɎ7ʜÕÌ«ÕÌÊ܈̅ÊÃi«>À>ÌiÊÌ>˜Ž

>««ÀœÝ°Êä°nʏɎ7ʜÕÌ«ÕÌÊ܈̅ÊÜiÌÊÃՓ«

The change intervals depend on:

UÊ Ì…iʵÕ>˜ÌˆÌÞ UÊ vÕiÊµÕ>ˆÌÞ

UÊ µÕ>ˆÌÞʜvʏÕLiʜˆÊÌÀi>̓i˜ÌÊ­wÌiÀ]ÊÃi«>À>̜À®

UÊ i˜}ˆ˜iʏœ>`

By continuous checks of lube oil samples (decisive are the limit values as per º>Ê"«iÀ>̈˜}Êi`ˆ>º®Ê an optimum condition can be reached.

Suction pipes

Suction pipes must be installed with a steady slope and dimensioned for the total resistance (including

«ÀiÃÃÕÀiÊ`Àœ«ÊvœÀÊ̅iÊÃÕV̈œ˜ÊwÌiÀ®Ê˜œÌÊiÝVii`ˆ˜}Ê̅iʫՓ«ÊÃÕV̈œ˜Ê…i>`°

˜ÊœÀ`iÀÊ̜ʫÀiÛi˜ÌʏÕLiʜˆÊL>VŽyœÜÊ܅i˜Ê̅iÊi˜}ˆ˜iʅ>ÃÊLii˜ÊÅÕ̇œvvÊ>ʘœ˜‡ÀiÌÕÀ˜Êy>«Ê“ÕÃÌÊLiÊ installed close to the lube oil tank.

˜ÊV>ÃiʜvÊÕȘ}Êi˜}ˆ˜i‡wÌÌi`ʫՓ«ÃÊ>˜`Ê̜ʫÀœÌiVÌÊ̅iʫՓ«ÊÃi>ÃÊ>}>ˆ˜ÃÌʅˆ}…Ê«ÀiÃÃÕÀiÊLiV>ÕÃiʜvÊ VœÕ˜ÌiÀÊÀœÌ>̈œ˜Ê`ÕÀˆ˜}ÊÅÕÌ`œÜ˜Ã]Ê̅iʘœ˜‡ÀiÌÕÀ˜Êy>«Ê“ÕÃÌÊLiÊLއ«>ÃÃi`ÊLÞÊ>ÊÀiˆivÊÛ>Ûi°

External lubricating oil piping system information

vÌiÀÊLi˜`ˆ˜}Ê>˜`ÊÜi`ˆ˜}Ê>Ê«ˆ«iÃʓÕÃÌÊLiÊVi>˜i`ÊLÞÊÕȘ}Ê>˜Ê>««ÀœÛi`Ê>Vˆ`ÊVi>˜ˆ˜}Ê«ÀœViÃð

Ê«Àœ«iÀʈ˜Ã«iV̈œ˜ÊœvÊ̅iʈ˜˜iÀÊÜ>ÃʜvÊ̅iÊ«ˆ«iÃʈÃʘii`i`ÊLÞʜÕÀÊÃiÀۈViÊi˜}ˆ˜iiÀÃÊLivœÀiÊÃÌ>À̈˜}Ê Ì…iÊi˜}ˆ˜iÊ̜Êi˜ÃÕÀiÊ̅>ÌʘœÊÜi`Êë>ÌÌiÀ]ÊÏ>}]ÊÀÕÃÌÊ>˜`ʜ݈`iÊÀi“>ˆ˜°

Contents

Dokumen terkait