88 ISSN 2580-1937 (Print); 2580-7528 (Online)
QUALITY TRANSLATION OF NOMINAL GROUP IN TWO
ISSN 2580-1937 (Print); 2580-7528 (Online) 89 that they also have different grammatical
structure for nominal group. In dealing with nominal group, translators should master the grammatical competence well. This grammatical competence can help them to analyze the structure of nominal group in source text and target text.
This research will elaborate the translation of nominal group with pre-modifier and post- modifier in the two translation version of The Old Man and The Sea. Moreover, this research will try to find the quality of both translations.
The result of this study is hoped to give the reference about nominal group structure with systemic functional linguistics approach.
Furthermore, it is hoped that this research can be used by the students of English Education as their guidance to translate the sentence that consists of nominal group.
Methodology
The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research that applies purposive sampling. This research applied Systemic Functional Linguistics approach to find the nominal groups in The Old Man and The Sea. In addition to the quality of translation, translation assessment theory was used.
The sources of the data in this research were the novel entitled The Old Man and The Sea by Ernest Hemingway and the two translation versions. The second source of the data were taken from the informant (raters and respondents). Raters are those who asses accuracy and acceptability quality while respondents are those who assess the readability of translation. Triangulation of source of data and triangulation of method will be used in this paper.
The techniques of data collection in this research used content analysis and questionnaire. The stages of data analysis used in this research were analysis stages from Spradely in Moleong (2010:
305 – 306).
Finding and Discussion
1. The Nominal Group in two translation versions of The Old Man and The Sea In dealing with nominal group, both English and Indonesia have the same experiential components of nominal group based on Halliday &
Matthiessen (2014). Those components are deictic (deiktik) (D), numerative (numeratif) (N),
ephitet (pendeskripsi) (E), classifier (penjenis) (C) and qualifier (penegas) (Q). However, the different structure in the result of translation is occurred. It is normal since English and Indonesia have their own rule. The analysis of nominal group and its translation in this research is described below.
Tabel 1. The Nominal Group in The Old Man and The Sea.
No Experiential components of nominal group
Total
1 D,E,C,T,Q 3
2 D,E,T,Q 27
3 D,T,Q 115
4 D,C,T,Q 5
5 N,T,Q 3
6 D,N,C,T,Q 1
7 D,N,T,Q 4
8 N,C,T,Q 2
Total 1.
The experiential component of nominal group in target text is different. The shift is happened because the language system of English and Indonesia is different. Below are the translation results in the novel.
Tabel 2. The Translation Results of Nominal Group
No nominal group in ST
nominal group in TT
1 D,E,C,T,Q TT1 : T-C-E-Q
TT2 : T-C-Q
2 D,E,T,Q TT1 : T-C-Q
TT2 : T–E–Q
3 D,T,Q TT1 and TT2 : D–T
4 D,C,T,Q TT1 : T-C-E-Q
TT2 : D-T-E-Q
5 N,T,Q TT 1: T-C-Q
TT 2: N-T-C-Q
6 D,N,C,T,Q TT 1: T-Q
TT 2: T-C-E-Q
7 D,N,T,Q TT1 : T-D
TT2 : N-T-C
8 N,C,T,Q TT1 : N-T-Q
TT2 : N-T
Below are the examples and explanations of the translation of nominal group.
040/TOMTS-ST
The old man knew he was going far out and he left the smell of the land behind and rowed out into the clean early morning smell of the ocean.
90 ISSN 2580-1937 (Print); 2580-7528 (Online) 040/TOMTS-TT1
Lelaki tua itu tahu ia akan sampai jauh ke laut dan bau daratan ditinggalkannya di belakang dan ia mendayung ke arah bau laut dini hari yang segar.
040/TOMTS-TT2
Lelaki tua itu menyadari ia akan pergi jauh meninggalkan aroma daratan di belakangnya dengan mengayuh ke tengah-tengah bau lautan yang jernih dini hari itu.
The data above shows the shift in translating nominal group. The structure in source text is D-N-E-C-T-Q. Meanwhile, in translation, there are two types. The translator of TT 1 omits the deictic in target language. In TT 2, the translator combines the classifier which is ‗dini hari‘ to qualifier. Therefore, the component in TT 2 is T- C-Q.
2. The Translation Quality of Nominal Group
The result of their assessment in the quality of nominal group translation in the two translated versions of The Old Man and The Sea are described as follows.
Table 3. The Translation Quality of Nominal Group
Quality TT1 TT2
Accurate 73 99
Less accurate 86 60
Not accurate 1 1
160 160
Acceptable 82 91
Less acceptable 76 67
Not acceptable 2 2
160 160
High readability 118 75 Medium readability 40 80
Low readability 2 5
160 160
From the table, it can be concluded that from the accuracy and readability side, theTT2 novel is more accurate and acceptable that TT1. However, seen from readability side, TT1 is better. Below are some examples.
119/TOMTS/ST
The wire must have slipped on the great hill of his back.
119/TOMTS/TT1
Tentunya kawat itu telah meleset di gundukan punggungnya.
119/TOMTS/TT2
Kawat itu pasti telah tergelincir pada bukit besar punggungnya.
The raters give assessment that the data above is less acceptable and accurate. The raters said that the translation of nominal group should be changed into ‗di lengkung punggungnya‘ to be accurate and acceptable. Then from readability, the respondents said that TT 1 has high readability and TT2 has medium readability.
056/TOMTS/ST
The dolphin were cutting through the water below the flight of the fish and would be in the water, driving at speed, when the fish dropped.
056/TOMTS/TT1
Lumba-lumba itu menembus air di bawah mangsanya dan siap untuk menerkam setiap saat ikan-ikan kecil itu turun.
056/TOMTS/TT2
Lumba-lumba itu seolah mengiris air, mengendalikan kecepatannya, ketika ikan buruannya jatuh.
The result of the assessment from the data above is less acceptable, less accurate and low readability. It is because the choice of word in TT 1 is not correct and the word is not translated into Bahasa Indonesia.
Conclusions
The finding in this research shows that there is a shift in translating the nominal group in its two translation versions. The shift is happened since the language system in English and Bahasa Indonesia is different. The translators sometimes omit, reduce or combine the experiential components in nominal group.
From the accuracy and acceptability, TT2 is better, however, from the readability, TT1 is better. The accuracy, acceptability, and readability of nominal group translation are assessed from the choice of word, structure and the elements inside the nominal group.
ISSN 2580-1937 (Print); 2580-7528 (Online) 91 References
Bramono, N. (2014). Ketepatan Pergeseran dan Hasil Terjemahan Pada Struktur Kelompok Nomina dalam Teks Ilmiah (Pendekatan Linguistik Sistemik Fungsional) (Analisis Buku Wireless Networking and the
Developing World dan Buku
Terjemahannya). DIGLOSSIA_ September 2014. vol 6 no 1.
Halliday, M.A.K & Matthiessen. (2004).
Halliday‘s Introduction to Functional Grammar, fourth edition. New York:
Routledge.
Hemingway, E. (1952). The Old Man and The Sea . New York: Charles Scribner‘s Son Hemingway. E. (2008). Lelaki Tua dan Laut
(Edisi terjemahan oleh Sapardi Djoko Damono). Pustaka Jaya.
Hemingway. E. (2008). The Old Man and The Sea (Edisi terjemahan oleh Dian Vita Ellyati). Malang: Penerbt Liris.
Moleong, L. (2010). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif (edisi revisi). Bandung: Rosda Karya Nababan, M. R., Nuraeni, A., & Sumardiono.
(2012). Pengembangan Model Penilaian Kualitas Terjemahan. Kajian Linguistik dan Sastra 24 (1), 39-57.
Newmark, P. (1988). A textbook of translation.
New York: Prentice Hall.
Santosa, R. (2009). SFL and Problems of Equivalence in Translation. Paper Presented in Translation Society of Indonesia International Conference on SFL and Its Contribution on Translation.
Surakarta: UNS.
92 ISSN 2580-1937 (Print); 2580-7528 (Online)