CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
G. Research Method
1. Approach and Type of Approach
This study applied qualitative descriptive research. Creswell stated that qualitative research is an approach for exploring and understanding the meaning individuals or groups ascribe to a social or human problem47. Moreover, type of research qualitative is naturalistic inguiry.
Naturalistic inguiry is always carry out, logically enough in the natural setting, since context is so heavily implicated in meaning. It meant the researcher who first fully understand and be adaptive to the social situation encountered in the research activities. In qualitative research,
46 Ibid.
47 John Creswell, Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mix Methods Approaches, (London: SAGE Publication: 2014), fourth edition. P. 33
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the researcher made interaction with having interview with natural setting to get deep information48. According to researcher viewpoint, qualitative descriptive research mean phenomenon that occurs.
Furthermore, this study used qualitative descriptive approach with descriptive qualitative design.
2. The Presence of Research
In this research, the researcher gave interviews and questionnaires to the students the researchers’ respondents in this research study. The researcher tried to get as much as possible information through, interviews, and questionnaires to make sure students’ perception of using podcasts to learn listening as a media for studying. Presents at the scene of action by interacting with the students of the third-grade student classes IX-1 and IX-2.
3. Source of Data
The data source of the research was all sources that collecting in this research. The researchers analyzed students' perception on using podcasts to learn listening and pedagogical merits and drawbacks on using podcasts to learn listening at the MTs Negeri 1 Mataram as an object. In this research, the researcher conducted the research on the third-grade students of the English language education study program in the academic year 2022/2023. The researcher did an interview with 8
48 Zuchri Abdussamad, Metode Penelitian Kualitatif, (Makasar: Syakir Media Press, 2021), P.43
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students as an informant. The selection of interviewees used purposive sampling technique with the criteria such as students classes IX-1 and IX-2, male and female, and knew podcasts in generally, and have used podcasts. Then, the researcher gave a questionnaire using Google Forms to 64 students (participants) where this research focused on two classes, those were students in IX-1 and IX-2.
4. Producer of Data Collections
In collecting the data, the researcher used interview and questionnaire to collect the appropriate data for this study.
a. Questionnaire
According to Sugiyono in Asyifah and Indriani, a questionnaire is a data collection technique by giving several written questions to respondents. This technique was relatively efficient and fast for obtaining large amounts of information. In addition to using a questionnaire, researchers conducted interviews with students49.
The researcher used a questionnaire to collect data in the study since they devolved this questionnaire to students. The researchers taught the object by delivering them because they have not been taught before. The subject was a questionnaire the researchers will take after teaching learning delivering materials are finished.
49 Dinar Ayu Asyifah and Lilia Indriani, “Students Perspective: The Impact of Podcasts on EFL Students Listening Comprehension”, EDUVELOP Journal of English Education and Development, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2021, P. 130.
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In this research, the researcher used a close-ended and open- ended questionnaire. According to McLeod in Zulkarnaen, a closed-ended statement a statement that allows only answers which fit into categories that the researcher has determined50, and an open-ended questionnaire is a question that anticipates that the respondent should compose the appropriate response to describe something51. The questionnaire In the Likert scale there are five categories of items in each statement. Those categories are strongly agreed (SA), agreed (A), fair (F), disagreed (D) strongly disagreed (SD)52. However, in this study, the questionnaire focused of four predetermined answers where there is no option for fair. This was to persuade the inclination of participants in choosing the statements that were to agree or disagree.
However, in this study, the questionnaire focused on of four predetermined answers where there was no option for fair. This was persuaded the inclination of participants in choosing the statements that are to agree or disagree. To complete the questionnaire, the participants needed to mark the predetermined answer that represented their feeling about the topic included in the statements on the scale. There are numbers 1 to 5 whose purposed was to investigate students’s perceive the use of podcasts for learning
50 Muh Zulkarnaen, “Students’…, P.
51 Nana Syaodih Sukmadimata, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan, (Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2008)
52 Sartika Dewi Harahap, “Podcast…, P. 894.
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English listening and also numbers 6 to 10 whose purpose was to investigate the merits and drawbacks of uspodcastscast for learning English listening.
The questionnaire was adapted by Sartika Dewi Harahap, in her journal entitled, Podcast Impact on Students’ Listening Skill:
A Case Study Based on Students’ Perceptions. 53The issue addressed in this study was gaining a deeper investigation, of the problems that the students encountered in using podcast and also how the students’ listening Skill was influenced by podcast. Then, the list of the guideline can be seen in appendix 1.
Table 1.1
The Score of The Questionnaire Statement54
Score Statement 4 Strongly Agree 3 Agree
2 Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree b. Interview
Another data collection used in this research was the interview.
According to Moleong in Asyifah and Indriani an interview is where the researcher and the respondent come face to face to obtain
53 Ibid.
54 Masnunsyah Abdullah, “The Students’ Perceptions on Online EFL Speaking Instruction in New Normal Era at English Language Education Program”, Thesis, UIN Mataram, p. 32.
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information verbally and can explain the researcher’s problems55. In the interview is addressed to obtain data to support and clarify the data gained from the questionnaire. The purpose of this model was to find the problems openly where the participants were asked to give their opinion and ideas.
The selection technique used purposive sampling. Purposive sampling is sampling that is carried out in accordance with the requirements. Required samples. The sampling is carried out deliberately by taking only certain samples that have certain characteristics, characteristics, criteria, or properties56.
The Interview questions presented in Indonesian according to the understanding of junior high school students, and are related to this research. The interview was conducted with eight students as samples that use voice records from a smartphone. There were four questions in the interview. The first and second questions attempt to support the data concerning the students’ perception of the use of podcasts in listening skills. Meanwhile, the third and the fourth question were attempted to what they had listened to and the problem when using podcasts. Then, the list of guidelines can be seen in appendix 2.
55 Dinar Ayu Asyifah, Lilia Indriani, “Students…, p. 130.
56Akhmad Fauzi, Metode Sampling, (Tanggerang Selatan: Universitas Terbuka, 2019), Edisi Kedua. P. 1.25
33 c. Document
The last is document. The researcher used document to get the data about participants or informants. And then, the researcher recorded the students the data are document in the form of words, phrases, sentences, and voice records that are spoken by students. Those data are obtained from questionnaires, and interviews.
5. Technique of Data
a. The researcher used the formula to measure and analyzed the questionnaire.
𝑃 =𝑓
𝑛𝑥100%
Which:
P: Percentage F: Frequency N: Number of samples
100%: Constant value
To explained the data above, the researcher used the following percentages:
34 Table 1.2
Criteria for the Interpretation Rate of Percentage Students’
Perceptions57
b. The researcher used descriptive qualitative analysis to analyze the data. According to Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, qualitative data analysis is divided into three steps. They are data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification58.
1) Data Condensation
Data condensation is the process of selecting, focusing, simplifying, abstracting, and/or transforming data from a large corpus (body) of written-up field notes, interview transcripts, documents, and other empirical materials. The researcher used this step after collecting the data to analyze the data, such as selecting the appropriate data that is relevant to the case or transforming data into another form, such as
57 Masnunsyah Abdullah, “The Students’… P. 34.
58 Matthew B. Miles, Michael Huberman and Johnny Saldana, Qualitative Data Analysis:
A Methods Sourcebook (America: Sage Production, 2018).
Percentage Criteria 0-20% Very not good 21-40% Not good 41-60% Standard 61-80% Good 81-100% Very good
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from the interview result in the audio record becoming a written form of text. Qualitative data can be transformed in a variety of ways by data condensation, including selection, summary or paraphrase, subsumption in a larger pattern, and so on.
2) Data Display
After data selection, the next activity in data analysis was data display, which was an organized, compressed assembly of information that allows conclusion drawing and action. Data visualization assists readers in understanding what was going on and taking action based on that understanding, whether it was further analysis or action. Data visualization and data condensing are aspects of analysis. A good display design is based on clear data condensation.
3) Conclusion Drawing/Verification
After condensing and displaying the data, the researcher draws conclusions based the result of the data had been analyzed. As the analyst continued, his conclusions were also confirmed. Those are the results of a study that explains student's perception on using podcasts for teaching and learning of English listening at the MTs Negeri 1 Mataram.
36 6. Trustworthiness
The validity of the data was carried out to attest whether the researcher the conducted research was truly scientific research as well as to test the data obtained. furthermore, the quality criteria or trustworthiness in qualitative research includes credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability. Also, there are several techniques for testing research data, such as prolonged engagement, persistence observation, triangulation, peer checks, referential evaluation, negative case studies, and member checks59. However, in this study, the researcher only used the following technique:
a. Prolonged engagement
With the prolonged engagement, the researcher again conducted interviews with data sources that were encountered and new ones to obtain more in-depth and detailed information. Therefore, the researcher explores the truth again by digging in-depth information and by asking the results of the truth. And it is proven that the results they get are very good and in accordance with the results of interviews regarding students’ perception.
59 Zuchri Abdussamad, Metode… p. 184
37 b. Triangulation
Triangulation is a technique to check the validity of data by using or utilizing something else. This study utilized triangulation of theory to support the data credibility. Then the researchers used triangulation of theories and methods or techniques to check the validity of the data. Theory triangulation is the use of different theories to analyze and analyze data. With this type of triangulation researcher, different theories or hypotheses can aid to support or refute the findings. While triangulation method or technique is the use of some methods of collecting about the same phenomenon.
Triangulation methods or techniques consist of questionnaires, interviews, and documents. Participants and informants are students of classes IX-1 and IX-2 at the MTs Negeri 1 Mataram. By using a questionnaire, the researcher obtained data about the google podcasts in English listening. Then, the interview guided the researcher to get in-depth information about the student's perception about podcasts in listening. Finally, by using documents, researchers get data about respondents and informants.
c. Persistence observation
Increasing persistence means making observations more carefully and continuously. As a provision for researchers to increase persistence by reading various book references, journal articles, other people's thesis research results that are related to the
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findings studied. By reading, the researcher's insight will be broader and sharper, so that it can be used to check whether the data found is correct or not.
d. Using reference material
Reference material is existence support to follow the data that has been found by researcher. Fo example, data obtained from interviews need to be supported by interview recording. Data about human interaction or image a situation need used by photographs.
Recording aids data in qualitative such as cameras, camcorders, recording equipment voice is very necessary to support the credibility of the data researcher have discovered, preferably the data submitted needs to be accompanied by photographs or authentic documents, so they become more reliable.
H. Organization of Discussion