CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
G. Research Method
1. Approach and Type of Research
The research have used qualitative approach by used descriptive qualitative. Qualitative research approach is a process of research and understanding based on method that investigate a social phenomenon, as for this study the researcher created a complex picture, examined the words, detailed reports from the respondents’ view and conducted studies on natural situation.23 According to Bogdan and Taylor, qualitative research methodology is research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of written or spoken word from people and observable behavior.24
2. The Presence of Researcher
In qualitative research, the researchers’ role is as main key instrument in collecting data and interpreting data. The researcher has collected the data in the use of questionnaire using Google Form and followed by an interview via WhatsApp. Considering the Covid-19
23 Iskandar, Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, (Jakarta: GaungPersada, 2009), cet. ke-1, p. 11.
24 Lexy J. Moleong, Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, (Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2000), cet. ke-18, p. 5.
pandemic, it is not possible for researcher to do Face-to-Face with research subject.
3. Setting of Research
The research location was study program of English Language Education, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, State Islamic University of Mataram. The research subject in this research was the fifth semester of English Language Education study program in the academic year 2020/2021. The fifth semester consist of five classes.
The researcher chose fifth semester as the research subject because fifth semester could be said to be a very dense and complex semester such as the scope of the course, starting to think about the preparation of Kuliah Kerja Partisipatif (KKP) and Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL), as well as the preparation of thesis references in choosing the thesis title corresponding. Therefore, in completing assignment and obligation as a student, the fifth semester begin to read references for PPL KKP preparation, study more diligently because courses in fifth semester start to be difficult and detailed, as well as preparation of the thesis title to be submitted.
Based on explanation above, it could be said that an ambitious spirit is still strong in fifth semester. Therefore, researcher is enthusiastic to analyze the reading interest on English journal articles in student of fifth semester.
4. Source of Data
Data source is the origin of data obtained or collected. The research was qualitative research, therefore the main data sources is in form of word and deed, while additional data is supporting data.
Primary source is the main data source that researcher collect directly from the object of research.25 Meanwhile secondary source is additional data source which according to the researcher support the main data.26
Data source of the research was reading interest of the fifth semester students of English Language Education study program at State Islamic University of Mataram. The researcher has used two instruments to collect the data, namely questionnaire and interview.
Researcher has used questionnaire to obtain the data about students’
reading interests on English journal articles. Then interview some of fifth semester student to obtain deep information about students’
reading interests personally. The population in this research were 149 students of the fifth semester, while sample of research of the total 149 students, 40 students were taken as respondent for the questionnaire and out of 40 students were taken 5 students as informant for the interview. Meanwhile, sampling technique that used is purposive sampling.
25 Mahmud, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan, (Bandung: CV Pustaka Setia, 2011), p. 152.
26Ibid
5. Procedure of Data Collection
Data collection technique is important stage and must be carried out by researcher to obtain data or information. Therefore to obtain the data needed in this study, researcher used several data collection methods namely as follows.
a. Questionnaire
The researcher has used questionnaire to collect the data.
The researcher used questionnaire to determine the level of students’ reading interests in reading English journal articles. To measure the validity of the instruments of the questionnaire and interview in this research. The researcher has validate the instruments to the lecturer as a validator because the lecturer is an expert in that field. Therefore, the validation has been carried out before the questionnaire and interview were used as instruments to collect data. The questionnaire consists of 15 statements with sign such as Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Disagree (DA), and Strongly Disagree (SDA) which is appropriate with students’
answer. Furthermore, the data from the questionnaire result has calculated the average result to measure the level of reading interest. Then described, which means describing the result of the questionnaire into more detailed and clear narrative. The following was the questionnaire.
The Questionnaire of Students’ Interests in Reading
English Journal Articles
No The Number of Question SA A DA SDA
1 I like reading English journal articles
2 I concentrate on reading English journal articles 3 I read the English journal
articles more than one hour a day
4 I usually do the home work of reading English journal
articles
5 I often read English journal articles in my leisure time 6 I give any responses when lecturer ask me a question of
English journal articles 7 I like the English journal
articles discussion 8 If I am at home, I will review
the material of reading
English journal articles 9 I read the English journal
articles more than one title a week
10 I read the reading English journal articles before I go to
the reading class 11 I have more than one paper of
English journal articles at home
12 I usually look for English journal articles when I am in
the library or searching on Internet
13 I have an interest with the English journal articles because it can increase the
knowledge
14 I prefer to read the English journal articles than other
kind of reading material 15 When I meet a reading
lecturer in the class or outside, I ask the things related with
English journal articles
b. Interview
Interview is conversation with specific purpose which suitable in this research for finding deep information about students’ reading interests on English journal articles. Researcher
has used interview via WhatsApp considering the ongoing Covid- 19 pandemic. The informant in this research were some of fifth semester students of English Language Education at State Islamic University of Mataram. The list question of interview as follows.
No The Interview Question
1 How do you know that an English journal articles is suitable as lecture reading material?
2 Is one of the reasons you read an English journal articles just because you are a student in English major?
3 What do you think about English journal articles that are used as compulsory reading material for lectures?
4 What is the reason you read an English journal articles other than as reading material in lectures?
5 Could reading English journal articles help improve your
English language skills? Why?
6. Technique of Data Analysis
The data analysis used to analyze the data is as follows.
a. Data reduction
Data reduction is the data obtained in the field and then written neatly, detail, and systematically. The data that has been reduced will provide clearer picture of observation result and makes it easier for researcher to search if needed.
b. Data display
Data display is presenting data in form of matrix, network, chart, or graph. Designing column and row of a matrix for qualitative data and determining which specific data should be entered into particular cell is an analytical activity.27
c. Conclusion
The final stage of qualitative research is conclusion and verification of data that has been collected.
7. Trustworthiness
Validity data aims to prove that the research carried out is in accordance with reality that occur in field. Researcher has used technique triangulation to check the validity of the data. Method or
27 Emzir, Analisis Data: Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, (Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2011), p.
132.
technique triangulation consists of questionnaire and interview. Use of questionnaire to obtain data about students’ reading interests on English journal articles, as well as by used interview the researcher got more data about students’ reading interests personally from some of fifth semester students.
According to Moleong, to determine the validity of the data an examination technique is needed, there are four criteria used to check the validity of qualitative data, namely as follows.28
a. Credibility
Credibility includes maintaining the trustworthiness of researcher by means of persistence of observation, participation in the research process, triangulation, peer examination through discussion, negative case analysis, and adequacy of references.
b. Transferability
It means could be applied to other similar contexts.
c. Dependability
It means data consistency and reliability.
d. Confirmability
Certainty of research result so that the reliability of the data could be guaranteed thus the quality of the data could be relied on and accounted for.
28 Lexy J. Moleong, Metodologi…, p. 173.