Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It may be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. In it we study the various steps that are generally adopted by a researcher in studying his research problem along with the logic behind them. It is necessary for the writer to know not only the research methods/techniques but also the methodology.45
In this research, the method used to collect the data was qualitative research, which means that a research method applied to written or visual materials for the purpose of identifying specified characteristics of the material. It is called content or document analysis. The materials analyzed can be textbooks, newspapers, web pages, speeches, television programs, advertisements, musical compositions, or any of a host other types of documents.46 Content analysis is needed as a step in understanding social phenomenon in depth.
In this case, the researcher will discuss in depth about derivational adjective.
a. Data source
To get description about situation of problem and to make decision and to solve the problems, the data sources are needed in
45 C.R Khothari, Research Methodology Methods and Teachnique (India: New Age International, 2004), 4.
46 Donald Ary, Introduction to Research in Education (USA: Wadsworth Cencage Learning, 2006), 457.
conducting research. According to Suharsimi Arikunto,” Data
source is subject where the data come from”.47 1) Primary data source
Primary sources are original documents (correspondence, diaries, reports, etc). In this research, the primary data source is taken from documentation transcript of The Great Gatsby Movie by Baz Luhrmann.
2) Secondary data source
Secondary sources are materials which written and published by authors who does not directly observe or participate in the fact that she describes or not invent the theory. This resource contains the results of the synthesis of materials that are derived from primary sources, both empirically and theoretically.
The secondary data sources is the other sources related to this movie, books, journal, news, internet media, dictionary, encyclopedia, and all of kind of literature there are have relation with this research. They are the Grammar of English Words 2nd Edition by Geert Booij, A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language by Randolp Quirk, A University of Grammar English by Randolp Quirk, An Introduction to Language 7th Edition by Victoria Fromkin, Introducing English
47 Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian, (Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2013), 172.
Linguistics by Charles F. Mayer, An Introduction to Linguistic by Loreto Todd, The Study of Language by George Yule.
2. Techniques of data collection
This research used one way in collecting data. That is documentation. This way is used because the object of this research is derivational adjective categories and data are taken from “The Great Gatsby” movie. Therefore, this way is suitable in order to get and collect the data from “The Great Gatsby” movie.
Basrowi points out that “documentation is a way of collecting data that produce important records related to the problem under study, so that it will obtain complete data, legitimate, and not based on estimates”. Guba and Lincoln defined that “document is any material
written or compiled movie person or institution for the purposes of testing an event”.48
Based on the statement above, it can be said that documentation is one method for collecting data. To collect data, the researcher may obtain information from books, transcripts, newspaper, agenda, etc. So, in this study, researcher takes the script of movie up to complete the data.
48 Basrowi, Memahami PenelitianKualitatif (Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2008), 158-159.
3. Data analysis
Miles and Huberman‟s view of qualitative data analysis consisting of data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusion is employed49 in this research.
a. Data reduction
Data reduction is the stage of processing the “raw” data in
order to be ready analyzed. The process, as suggested by Miles and Huberman, might be in the form of selecting, simplifying, focusing, summarizing, coding, sorting, or even making cluster of the themes. In the context of this study, data reduction refers to the process of selecting the derivational adjective from the documentation transcript of the movie. The example: the prefix in-: incredible, incorruptible. The suffixes -able: vulnerable. The suffixes –ful: hopeful, beautiful, wonderful. The suffixes –ous: riotous, enormous. The suffixes –less: penniless.
b. Data display
Data display is the process of demonstrating the data either in the form of narrative text, matrices, graphs, networks or charts.
The displayed data are expected to ease the researcher to completely understand what happens in the field and come to the conclusion. In the context of this research, the data are displayed in
49 Matthew, M and M. Huberman. Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook.
(Beverly Hills: SAGE Publication Inc, 1994), 24.
the form of derivational adjective focused on affixes. In this research, researcher displays the data in the form of table.
No
Derivational Adjective
Frequency
Location (Dialogue
Number) Prefix Suffix
1 In- 3 times 495, 563, 2224
2 -less 5 times 113, 546… 2181.
3 -ful 13 times 19, 274, 424…
2113.
c. Conclusion drawing
The above steps, starting from reducing data to displaying data, are applied each time the researcher obtained data from one discussion session. Based on these activities, the researcher makes a tentative conclusion of the analysis which provides the researcher with information needed to come to a more focused attention in the subsequent data collection. This conclusion is written based on the analysis of documentation transcript in the relation with the research problem that had been formulated.
The first column of table above is number, the second column is kinds of derivational adjective affix, the third column is frequency of derivational adjective appears in this movie, and fourth column is location where derivational adjective appear
during the movie (based on the dialogue script numbering). So, from the first cell above we know that kind of derivational adjective prefix “in-“appear 3 times in the dialogue script number 495, 563, and 2224. The suffix “-less” appear 5 times in the dialogue script number 113, 546… 2181.