A. Approach and Type of Research
In this research, the researcher used a qualitative approach.
”Qualitative research is conducted to describe the current status of a fact that while existing at the time of the research”.42 The objective of qualitative research was a holistic description and depth of understanding rather than numerical data analysis. It means, in this study, the researcher wouldanalyze the research data and then process it into a form of description. The current status was the implementation of using E-learning Madrasah as a new media in learning English at MAN 1 Jember.
In this research, the researcher used descriptive as the research design.
In this research, the researcher collected the data related to this research then the data show some facts. After that, the researcher processed the data into words and images.43 The researcher chosen qualitative descriptive because the researcher wanted to described the data and made the data of the research more clear. This research described the goal, the material, the procedure, and the evaluation of the implementation of E-learning Madrasah at MAN 1 Jember in the academic year 2020/2021.
42Donald Ary, Introduction in Research in Education, (Belmonth: Wardsworth Thomson learning, 2002), p.25.
43AlbiAnggito and Johan Setiawan, MetodologiPenelitianKualitatif, (Yogyakarta: Jejak, 2018), 11
B. Research Location
This research will be conducted at MAN 1 Jember. It is located in Jl.
Imam Bonjol No. 50 Kaliwates, KabupatenJember, JawaTimur. The choice of research location determined using the purposive method. According to Creswell, purposive is a technique for determining the location based on several considerations.44
The reason why the researcher chooses MAN 1 Jember as the place of the research because:first, the teacher there applied E-learning Madrasah as media in the teaching-learning process during the pandemic. The second reason is that the researcher found the fact that not all of the institutions use the E-learning Madrasah. The third reason is the teacher at MAN 1 Jember agrees that E-learning Madrasah is an effective media to teach in pandemic.
C. Research Subject
Research subject are informants (3 teachers and students) that participates in research and the researcher can get the data from them. In this study, researchers used Snowball Sampling. According to Sugiono, in snowball sampling the researcher take data from some of the data sources (informants), and then if the data obtained is insufficient, the researcher adds informants to the interview.45The reason why the researcher used Snowball Sampling was the data obtained from data sources are slightly incomplete so, the researcher looked for other people to be used as data sources.
44 Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan, (Bandung, Alfabeta, 2017), 300.
45 Sugiyono, 300.
The process of sampling data sources in qualitative research using snowball sampling was described as follows:
Picture 3.1 the Process of sampling data source in qualitative research using Snowball
In this study, the researcher decided to choose an English teacher and second-grade students from MAN 1 Jember as informants in this study. The reason why researcher chose three (3) English teachers and second-grade students as informants is that they have the following criteria as informants according to Spradley:
1. They understand something through the enculturation process so that something is known very well
2. They are still implementing or involved in the activities that will be researched
3. They have sufficient time to be asked for information G I
B
A
J H
E D
F C
4. They are not familiar with the researcher. Therefore, the subject more effectives to be informants.46
D. Data Collection Technique
In this research, the researcher used some techniques to collect the data there are observation, interview and documentations.
1. Observation
Observation is the selection and recording behaviors of people in their environment, this method is useful for generating in-depth descriptions of organizations or events.47 In this research, observation technique used non-participant observation. It means that the researcher did not involve in the activity. The researcher only observes, listen and draw the conclusions.48
The researcher observed the use of E-learning Madrasah by joining the Whatsapp group held by Mrs. Rodhiyah. Whatsapp used as media of communication between students and teachers especially before starting learning and after learning. By this observation, the researcher obtained deep understanding and viewing of whole learning process in the classroom included the situations and activities occurred in the classroom. The observation guideline can be seen in appendix 2.
46 Sugiyono, 303.
47 Wahyuni, Qualitative Research Method: Theory and Practice, (Jakarta: Salemba Empat, 2015), 25.
48 Restu Kartiko Widi, Asas Metodologi Penelitian, (Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu, 2010), 237
2. Interview
In this technique, the researcher conducted face-to-face interviews and online interviews with informant. It can be use telephone interviews, email or held a meeting.49Interview is aninteraction which held by two people to share information or experiences through question and answer, so they will get some meaning of the topic.50 The purpose of some questions was to get more information about the teaching English through E-learning Madrasah during the pandemic. The data can be obtained by using interviews are:
a. The English teacher of MAN 1 Jember
b. The second grade students of MAN 1 Jember
The researcher used a semi-structured interview. The interview used an interview guide. This interview guide form as a list of open-ended questions and topics that need to be covered during the conversation. This interview guide form is a list of open-ended questions and topics that need to be discussed during the conversation. This means that this interview is used only in the form of an outline of the problem to be asked.51 In these kinds of interview, the researcher followed the interview guide but is able to follow relevant lines of inquiry in the conversation that may stray from the guide when they feel this is appropriate. This kind of interview aimed to create a relaxed and flexible situation. Hence, the informants felt comfortable to share the information.
49 John W. Creswell, Research Design, (California: SAGE Publications, Inc), 2014, 240.
50 Albi Anggito and Johan Setiawan, Metode Penelitian Kualitatif, (Yogyakarta: Jejak, 2018), 75.
51 Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan, (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2017), 320.
The process of the interview applied via WhatsApp call, chat, Zoom Meeting, and face to face. The researcher recorded the interview, and then makes the transcript to select the data needed. The interview guidelines could be seen in appendix 2.
3. Document Review
Document is written notes which the contents is written statement that is arranged by someone or institution as a data source.52 In this research, the researcher used documents such as lesson plan of E-learning Madrasah, interview transcript, and the other supporting documents to support the data.
E. Data Analysis
After doing the observation and interview, the researcher analyzed the data based on observation’s note and interview guide. The data would be analyzed by several steps. There are three steps in conducting the data analysis process in qualitative research; data condensation, display data, and conclusion data.53
1. Data condensation
Data condensation means the research process; selecting, focusing, simplifying, abstracting, and transforming data into the author's text (observation notes, interview transcripts, and documents).54 In process of data collection, researchers got a lot of data from data sources.
52 Mahmud, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan (Bandung: CV Pustaka Setia, 2011), 183.
53 Mandir, Metode Penelitian Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif (Jember: STAIN Jember Press, 2013), 186.
54 Matthew B. Milles and A. Michael Huberman, Qualitative Data Analysis (Thousand Oaks:
SAGE Publications, 2014), 40.
Furthermore, the researcher reduced the data, selected the data that had collected through interviews and the researcher selected the information needed.
After collecting data from observations, interviews, and document reviews and then recording important things in detail, the researcher selected the data related to this research; the researcher analyzed which data was needed and which is not, and then discards the irrelevant data.
Thus the data in this study would be seen more clearly and could make it easier for researcher to collected further data.
2. Data display
In qualitative research, the data display means the process of simply the data in the form of sentences, narrative, or table.55 It refers to show the data that had been reduced in form of patterns. Data display helps the researcher in understanding the data.56 In this process, the researcher described the data in narrative form. Mile and Huberman said
"the most frequent form of display data for qualitative research data in the past has been narrative text" It aimed to create meaningful data. Besides, the researcher also described the data by the table in order to make it easy to understand.
After collecting data, researchergot a lot of data from interview.
Then, the researcher reduced the data. During reducing data, researcher has to test whether the data is developing or not. If the hypothetical data
55 Matthew B. Milles and A. Michael Huberman, 42.
56 Matthew B. Milles and A. Michael Huberman, 42.
was supported by data in the field, then the data was proven and developed into a grounded theory. Furthermore, if the data did not changed, the data would be displayed in the final research report.
3. Conclusion Drawing or Verification
The final step in qualitative data analysis was drawn and conclusions verified. Drawing conclusions begins after the data was collected by making tentative conclusions. At this stage, the researcher identified the results of the interview. Therefore, the conclusion drawn was guaranteed to be reliable. Thus, the conclusions in qualitative research had two possibilities; can answer research questions or not because the problems and research questions in qualitative research are still temporary and would developed after conducting research in the field.
F. Validity of Data
In qualitative research, the researcher used triangulation as one of the data validity techniques.57 In this research, the researcher used triangulation to check the validity of the data.
1. Source triangulation
Triangulation referred to the use of multiple methods or data sources in qualitative research. Source triangulation was used to test the credibility of the data by checking data through several sources.
57 Nusa Putra, Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Pendidikan, (Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2012), 103.
In this research, the source triangulation is three teachers and two students. Source triangulation used to answer research about the plan, the procedure, and the benefit of implementing E-learning Madrasah in MAN 1 Jember. Furthermore, the researcher woulddescribe and categorized which views are the same, which are different, and which are specific data from the three data sources.
2. Technique triangulation
Technique triangulation used to test the credibility of the data by checking the data to the same source with different techniques.58 Therefore, the technique triangulation in this research was conducting by observation, interview, and document review. This triangulation was used to answer the research question about the procedure of teaching English through E-learning Madrasah at MAN 1 Jember.
G. Research Steps
There are the steps of the research planning of research done by the researcher; it’s started with the introductory study, the design of the study, the actual research, and the writing of the report. The research stages consisted of pre-field research, fieldwork stages, and data analysis stages.
1. Pre-field stage
a. Arranging the research design b. Selecting the research location c. Taking care of licensing
58 Patrocinio Zaragoza, “A Qualitative Study of Knowledge Management: The Multinational Firm Point of View”, (10.4018/978-1-60566-176-6.ch019, 2009), 19.
d. Selecting and using informants e. Preparing the research instrument 2. Field-work research stage
a. Apprehending background and objective of the research b. Entering to the research location
c. Looking for the data source 3. Data analysis stage
a. Analyzing the data
b. Describing the data in descriptive
45 CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. The Research Object Description 1. History of MAN 1 Jember
MAN 1 Jemberwas located in Imam Bonjol street No. 50 Kaliwates, Jember. It stood in 1967. MAN 1 Jember is an Islamic senior high school. The school has officially run four excellent majors since 2017/2018, namely:
a. Islamic program (MANPK) b. Academic program
c. Skill program
d. Regular program which consists of science, social, language, and e. Tahfidz.
2. School Identity
School name : MAN 1 Jember
School Statistic Number (NSM) : 131135090001 National School Principal Number : 20580291 (NPSN)
Latitude : -8.1858
Longitude : 113.6754
Telephone Number : 0331-485109
Website : www.man1jember.sch.id
Address : Bonjol street No. 50 Kaliwates
Sub-district : Kaliwates
District : Jember
Province : East Java
3. Vision and Missions of MAN 1 Jember a. Vision
Excellence at any achievement, skill, and good attitude based on faith religion.
b. Missions
1) Foster appreciation and practice of Islamic teachings and national culture as a source of wisdom in making decisions
2) Develop students' academic and non-academic potential optimally according to their talents and interests through the quality of the learning process
3) Carry out effective learning and coaching to practice it in the world of work.59
B. Data Display and Data Analysis
The researcher collected the data using observation, interview, and document review techniques. Based on the result of observation, interview, and document review, the researcher found the data about the implementation of E-learning Madrasah at MAN 1 Jember.
The data were displayed and analyzed based on research question, such as; 1) What is the goal of teaching English through E-learning Madrasah
59 MAN 1 Jember, “Profil MAN 1 Jember”, 15 Juli 2019.
at second-grade of MAN 1 Jember, 2) What is the material does the English teacher use in implementing E-learning Madrasah at second-grade of MAN 1 Jember, 3) How is the procedure of teaching English through E-learning Madrasah at second-grade of MAN 1 Jember, 4) How is the evaluation of teaching English through E-learning Madrasah at second-grade of MAN 1 Jember, were obtained the data as follow:
1. The Goals of Teaching English through E-learning Madrasah at Second-Grade of MAN 1 Jember
The goals of implementing E-learning Madrasah at MAN 1 Jember according Mrs. Dewi as English teacher said:
“The purpose of using this E-learning Madrasah is to organize online learning during this pandemic. Most importantly, this application is provided by the Ministry of Education and Culture.
So, during online learning, madrasah institutions are strongly advised to take advantage of organized learning.60
Based on the interview, Mrs. Dewi said that the goals of implementing E-learning Madrasah at MAN 1 Jember is to organize online learning during this pandemic. The word “organize” was explained in more detail by Mrs. Rieza’s statement as another English teacher at MAN 1 Jember. She said:
“E-learning Madrasah is really very helpful in online learning, because if for example, we don't use it, we use Zoom, Whatsapp is actually also good, it's just not coordinated, with the existence of E-learning (Madrasah) it's already complete, you know well set so it is already in one class setting, there are features that we can use to share teaching materials, for tests, for quizzes and so on”.61
60 Dewi Rachmayanti, interviewed by Siti Rohani, Jember 10 Agustus 2020.
61 Nurul Riezza Riesti F, interviewed by Siti Rohani, Jember, 27 November 2020.
Based on the interview, Mrs. Rieza said that she felt helped by the existence of E-learning Madrasah because by using it online learning became organized. Such as: setting one class, sharing teaching materials, doing tests and quizzes. This statement completes the Mrs. Dewi’s statement. So, from two statements above, the researcher concluded that the goal of implementing E-learning Madrasah is to organize the online learning. E-learning Madrasah help the teacher complete the school administration with all of the features of E-learning Madrasah.
Besides, the goal of teaching English through E-learning Madrasah at second-grade of MAN 1 Jember is not only felt by the teacher, but also by the students. It was concluded after the researcher interviewed Salsabila as one of the students there. Salsabila said:
“On E-learning Madrasah, the material and all assignment are set well. It eases us to submit the assignments and access the material”.62
Based on the interview, Salsabila said that she and her classmates agreed that the E-learning Madrasah made learning more organized because it was easy to collect and search for materials.So, students don't have to worry about missing files on their smartphones because in E- learning Madrasah applications students can download files anywhere and anytime. In addition, students can submit assignments using their E- learning Madrasah account.
62 Ning Salsabila Zahro, interviewed by Siti Rohani, Jember, 26 November 2020.
Rusman defined learning as a process of interaction between teachers and students, interaction activities in the form of face to face or virtual, using various learning media to achieve learning objectives.63 In this case, between the theory and the field condition is related. Which the interaction held by virtual because Covid 19.
Based on interviews between teachers and students, it can be concluded that the goals of teaching English through E-learning Madrasah at second grade of MAN 1 Jember is to organize online learning; teachers can organize classes, share teaching materials, conduct tests and quizzes.
While students can more easily collect and search for material.
2. The Material does The English Teacher Use in Implementing E- learning Madrasah at Second-Grade of MAN 1 Jember
The material of implementing E-learning Madrasah at second grade students according to Mrs. Rodhiyah said was:
“For now, the material used in class XI of specialization and cross- interest that Mrs. Rodhiah lead is Hortatory Exposition material.
Teaching used E-learning (Madrasah). Now, the learning is doing by online. So, I just share the material directly on the E-learning (Madrasah), but I usually ask them to find the material by themselves first. Let the student be prepared before starting the lesson.64
From the interview above, the researcher found that the material used was Hortatory Exposition. Usually, teachers share learning materials in E-learning Madrasah.
63 Muhammad Yaumi, Media dan Teknologi Pembelajaran, (Jakarta: Prenada media Group, 2018), 22.
64 Rodhiah, interviewed by Siti Rohani, Jember 11 Agustus 2020.
It was also supported by Tata as one of the students in the class, she said:
“The current material is Hortatory Exposition, Miss. This week Mrs. Rodhiyah was asked to look for material on the internet and make a summary. Earlier, during my own study, I got material on the definition, the characteristics, and the hortatory examples, Miss”.65
Tata said that they learned about hortatory and at the first meeting they were asked to find the material themselves. At the first meeting Tahta found the following material; understanding, characteristics, and examples of hortatory exposition.
The interview above was also confirmed by the lesson plan at the details dataabout the learning material as follows:
“Materi pembelajaran: Hortatory Exposition.”66
Based on the observation, the material used by the teacher was hortatory exposition. The material distributed by the teacher is in the form of PowerPoint. Materials was shared in the E-learning Madrasah feature, it is Bahan Ajar. Then the teacher instructed students to download and learn to understand the material. Instructions are written on the class timeline during the class. Next, the teacher checked student activity in the E- learning Madrasah, making sure all students have downloaded the material.
Graves explains that for a teacher, materials development means creating, choosing or adapting, organizing materials, and activities.67 At
65 Fairuz Tahta, interviewed by Siti Rohani, Jember 20 Desember 2020.
66 Lesson Plan, Document Review, Jember, 17 Januari 2021.
the fact, in this research teacher showed their creativity to select material from internet, choosing the material, and adapting the material appropriate with the theory. That material sent to the students through tool of E- learning Madrasah.
Based on the interview, document review, and observation above, the researcher concluded that the material used while conducting this research through E-learning Madrasah at second grade of MAN 1 Jember was hortatory exposition, such as the explanation, the characteristic, and the kinds of hortatory exposition.
3. The Procedure of Teaching English through E-learning Madrasah at Second Grade of MAN 1 Jember
The procedure of implementing E-learning Madrasah at MAN 1 Jember according to Mrs. Rodhiyah was divided into 3 steps. Pre-activity, main activity, and closing acticity. She said:
“The first step, I reminded the students of class XI in the WA group. Usually I sent a text message or Voice Note. I reminded them that the lesson would start soon. I monitor them from the group, whether they were ready to start learning or not. I also always reminded students not to forget to fill in the absences at E- learning Madrasah. Before starting the lesson I also told them about the material and asked them to browse on Google so they could read it first.”68
From the interview above, the researcher found that the first step (pre activity) of implementing E-learning Madrasah in Mrs. Rodhiyah's class was the teacher informs the students of 3 things. First, the teacher
67 K. Graves, Designing Language Courses, (Boston: Heinle & Heinle Publishers), 135.
68 Rodhiyah, interviewed by Siti Rohani, Jember, 11 Agustus 2020.