CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
C. Research Procedures
In this research, the writer used Classroom Action Research (CAR).
According to Anne Burns, action research is research that is carried out in the classroom by the teacher that has the purpose of solving the problem or improving the teaching or learning process20.Therefore, classroom action research is the research that has main goals to solve the problems faced by the
20Anne Burns, Doing Action Research in English Language Teaching, (New York:
Routledge, 2010),p.5
students and which involves a group of students with the purpose of improving teaching learning process so that the result of the students improve as well.
In this research, the writer conducted in 2 cycles. If the first cycle is failed, it will be continued in the second cycle. It was conducted until there were an increasing on the students’ writing skill. According to Mills, “A cycle consisted of four phases, they are planning, acting, observing, and reflecting”21. The cyclical classroom action research is presented as follow
Figure 1: Cyclical Classroom Action Research by Jean McNiff’s Model22 1. Cycle I
a. Planning
Planning is the first steps in each activity. It was conducted before the writer starts her action research. This plan is used during the
21 Mills, G.E, Action Research: A Guide for the Teacher Researcher, (New Jersey:
Prentice Hall, Inc. 2000), p.35
22Jean, McNiff, et.al.You and Your Action Research Project.(USA and Canada: Taylor &
Francis e-Library, 2002), p. 41.
Plan
Observe Reflect
Act Plan
Observe Reflect
Act
research in every cycle and revised based on the improvement of the students. The activity as follow:
1) Prepared lesson plan, media of learning, and material 2) Prepared the type of the learning.
3) Prepared the instrument of observation.
b. Acting
The second step in this research is acting. In this step, the writer implemented the planning and was conducted in some meetings. The activity as follows:
1) Pre Teaching Activities
a) Prayed and greeted the students.
b) Checked the attendance list.
c) The writer chose the material going to be taught.
2) While Teaching Process a) Applied the lesson plan..
b) The writer explained about descriptive writing.
c) The writer explained about what is Roundtable Technique in descriptive writing
d) The writer gave an example about Roundtable Technique for descriptive writing.
e) The writer made some groups, each group consists of 3 - 4 students.
f) The writer asked students to take a place in their own group in roundtable discussion.
g) The writer gave a topic to be discussed by the students in roundtable discussion.
h) The writer asked the students to give their ideas and to write down in a paper.
i) The paper move from the first student until the last student in a group. In this activity, each group will play two until three rounds.
3) Post Teaching Activities
a) The writer asked students to discuss the diffculties of the lesson.
b) The writer and students concluded the material together.
c) The writer gave the score for students.
d) Closed the lesson by praying.
c. Observing
The third step is observing. In observing the writer must be able to analyzed the learning process, the students’ activities, the material and the result of acting based on observation paper that has been arranged.The important things in teaching learning process are noted by observer
d. Reflecting
The last step in this process is reflecting. The writer analyzed and discussed the observation result during teaching and learning process in order to know the weakness and strength of the action in this steps. the
writer uses data from evaluation to make improvement for the second cycle.
2. Cycle II a. Planning
Planning is the first steps in each activity. In cycle II, the writer focused on repairing the weakness in the cycle 1. Here are the steps that the researcher was done in planning:
1) The writer continued the activities that have done in the first cycle.
2) The writer prepared lesson plan, media of learning, and material.
3) The writer prepared the instrument of observation.
4) The writer determined the evaluation instrument of the test (pre-test and post-test).
b. Acting
This is like in the first cycle where there are 3 activities in teaching and learning process, pre teaching, while teaching and post teaching.
1) Pre Teaching Activities
a) Prayed and greeted the students.
b) Checked the attendance list.
c) The writer chose the material that would be taught.
2) While Teaching Process a) Applied the lesson plan.
b) The writer explained about descriptive writing.
c) The writer explained about what is Roundtable Technique in descriptive writing.
d) The writer gave an example about Roundtable Technique for descriptive writing.
e) The writer made some groups, each group consists of 3 - 4 students.
f) The writer asked students to take a place in their own group in roundtable discussion.
g) The writer gave a topic to be discussed by the students in roundtable discussion.
h) The writer asked the students to give their ideas and to write down in a paper.
i) The paper move from the first student until the last student in a group. In this activity, each group will play two until three rounds.
3) Post Teaching Activities
a) The writer asked students to discuss the diffculties of the lesson.
b) The writer and students was concluded the material together c) The writer gave the score for students.
d) The writer close the lesson by praying.
c. Observing
The observing at the cycle II is almost the same with the observing at the cycle I.
d. Reflecting
The writer corrected and analyzed the result of the action. In the step, the writer will compare the score distribution of pre test and post test, the writer reviews and reflects on the student’s attitude whether it is positive or negative, enough in the second cycle or need for next cycle.