CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODS
G. Research Procedures
In qualitative approach, there are some stages done by the researcher.
In general, the steps in a research are as follows:40 1. Pre-Field Stage
a. Prepare the field plan b. Choose a research field c. Manage permits
d. Explore and assess the state of the field e. Selecting and utilizing informants
f. Prepare research instruments and equipment g. Research ethics issues in the field
2. Field Stage
a. Understand the research background and self-preparation b. Entering the field
c. Participate in collecting data 3. Data Processing Stage
a. Data reduction b. Data display c. Data analysis
d. Drawing conclusions and verification from previous activities
40Umar Sidiq & Moh. Miftachul Choiri.2019.Metode Penelitian Kualitatif di Bidang Pendidikan.(Ponorogo:CV Nata Karya)p.47
45 CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter reports the results of the research which consists of the description of the research findings and discussion.
A. Research Findings
1. The Steps of Teaching Writing by Using Short Movies
The steps of teaching are included into an important element in teaching and learning process. The steps must be appropriate with learning media and learning material in order to implement the teaching and learning effectively and successfully. The students’ achievement after using the short movies was increased. It can be proven from the students’
enthusiasm, students’ attention and students’ content of writing. The short movies positively had given a good impact for the students. The existence of implementation the teaching and learning narrative text by using short movies is to enhance students’ writing skill in narrative text. The English teacher changed the media as the strategy in teaching and learning process.
As expressed by Mrs. Suparti as an English Teacher of Eighth Grade stated:
“As has been implemented, the implementation of narrative text learning using printed stories has results that are still felt to be lacking. The next strategy to improve students' writing skills in narrative texts can be by changing the medium or the method. Since this narrative text is more in the form of story text, the use of short film media is my main choice in the narrative text learning process at the next meeting.”41
41 Suparti, interview, Banyuwangi, April 20 2022.
According to the observation by the researcher and Mrs. Suparti, the students were exciting since the teacher prepared the tools and devices of watching short movies. The students had been wondering how the teaching and learning that day will be implemented. After the teacher explained that they will be given a short movie for studying on that day, the students were happily and manage their seat comfortable. Some students offered a help to the teacher like preparing the screen and tidying the electric socket. The teacher then delivered the rules when watching the short movies. The students listened carefully and agreed the regulation. It also expressed by the student namely Dika. He expressed:
“That, Miss. Very amazing and what is it, interesting. Because it's like watching TV, right? and this is a movie. For those during the pandemic, most of the videos were about materials and assignments. So, it's a bit more difficult, moreover, we did not meet the teacher directly, Miss."42
According to Dika statement can be noted that watching movies were attracting his attention and raise his enthusiasm in learning English.
The implementation of teaching and learning narrative text by using short movies ran well and orderly. The students were entertained by the movies.
Some of them were also imitating the words or sentences which are uttered while the short movies played and the others were laughing to their friends’
reaction of the movies. The teaching and learning process seemed pleasant and conducive. The students enjoyed the movies. Moreover, some students from other classes were taking a peek of the activities in that class. They
42 Andika, interview, Banyuwangi, March 31 2022.
are the students which has permission to go to bathroom. It can be noted that short movies attracted students’ attention.
Step to the next session are the assignment from the teacher. The students asked the teacher to replay the short movies as they feel that once playing was still less in depth understanding. Then, the teacher replayed the short movies until three times and it has been enough by the students. After that, the students did the assignments seriously. According to the observation from the researcher, the students seemed easier in writing. It can be seemed through their speed and the amounts in writing narrative text. The enhancement has been occurred in this situation. As expressed by Mrs. Suparti as an English Teacher of Eighth Grade stated:
“Yes, of course. A lot of improvement had happened to the students.
In terms of students’ enthusiasm, their activeness and their achievement in writing narrative text. Students were seemed to catch a lot of material in this lesson. Students write a little faster and more than the previous learning using print story media. Their main improvement is the students' understanding of the narrative stories so that students can write narrative texts using their language properly and correctly.”43
The statement was true. As the observation which has been conducted by the researcher, that the students were attracting to the media which the teacher bring. The students’ speed in writing the narrative text was also seen by the researcher. The researcher concluded that the teacher used three steps in teaching writing skill. First, the teacher did the pre- viewing activity. In this session, the teacher prepared the tools and material for the students. The teacher also explained a brief explanation of the
43 Suparti, interview, Banyuwangi, April 20 2022.
material and movies. Secondly, the teacher stepped to the viewing activity in which the teacher played the movies and students paid attention to the movies. Thirdly, the teacher did the post viewing activity. Post viewing activity is the activity in which the students were writing the narrative text of the movies based on their understanding.
2. The Advantages of Using Short Movies in Teaching Writing Skill in Narrative Text at Year Eighth of SMPN 3 Genteng
The data taken from observation showed that the using of short movies in teaching students’ writing skill positively gave some advantages.
They are: First, the students were managed well, properly and enjoy during the teaching and learning. The students are lot of attention to the short movies. They learned to understand independently during the short movies played. Second, the teaching and learning process ran effectively in which the whole attributes of short movies helps the students understanding more about the material. Third, the short movies about the narrative text mostly are provided in very interesting form that attract the students’ focus to the teaching and learning process. Fourth, students learned some aspects like pronunciation, vocabularies and the art of writing through short movies.
Fifth, the short movies can be the refreshing media for the students in teaching and learning process. Like: for implementing a small teaching and learning in a particular time which involves short movies as the media. As expressed by Mrs. Suparti as an English Teacher of Eighth Grade stated:
“The use of short films really can attract students' attention. Since, I entered the class. Ma'am, you can see for yourself, right? They were
immediately excited and responsive to help prepare the tools. The students looked excited. Then, when watching the short movie, the children can read the subtitles while watching the action of the story.
This will make it easier for them to remember the storyline of the movie. So, in writing, the list of values and contents of their writing is better than the previous study.”44
This was also strengthened by student namely Dika. He stated:
“Yes, Miss. Because studying with short movies feel enjoy and pleasant. The plots movies help for arranging the words by our understanding.”45
The students said that learning by using short movies ease his understanding through the plots movies which are showed. The other statement came from student namely Clarabel. She said:
“The advantage is the students can learn enjoy and directly learn the examples by watching the film.”46
The student delivered that the short movies can give examples through watch it directly. Icha then added:
“Yes, Miss. I can learn through the movies and its subtitle.”47
Based on those statements from the teacher and students, it can be took a note that short movies provide the facilitative attribution to support the teaching and learning writing skill. This statement was strengthened by the student namely Iqbal. He stated:
“Short movies can ease the understanding because usually it provides the subtitle, too.”48
44 Suparti, interview, Banyuwangi, April 20 2022.
45 Andika, interview, Banyuwangi, March 31 2022.
46 Clarabel, interview, Banyuwangi, March 31 2022.
47 Icha, interview, Banyuwangi, March 31 2022.
48 Iqbal, interview, Banyuwangi, March 31 2022.
The other expression came from student namely Elsa. She stated:
“First, using short movies in studying makes happy and enjoy. We understand more. Little by little. Slow but sure. But, sometimes there are vocabularies which I don’t know its Indonesian language.”49
3. The Disadvantages of Using Short Movies in Teaching Writing Skill in Narrative Text at Year Eighth of SMPN 3 Genteng
According to Mrs. Suparti stated that using short movies are also has its drawbacks. Aside from so many advantages, the use of short movies still has the disadvantages or problems. Like: First, the tools are totally dependent on the electricity in which if the power failure happens, then the movies directly stop. The teaching and learning process will be obstructed.
Second, It is necessary to attend carefully to the all tools such as speaker, screen projector and connecting cable in order to run the short movies smooth and controlled because sometimes the tools mentioned suddenly are getting troubles. Thirdly, the silence which appeared when the short movies were playing caused the students to get sleepy. It was expressed by the English teacher. She stated:
“One of the deficiencies of using this media was the silent situation during the movies played. Some smart students might be understood directly without any explanations from the teacher. But, the other which has range from medium to low capability certainly feel difficult in understanding. But, it was not very bad as this was the short movies. I could interrupt little as the movie stopped to make sure that the students had understood with the story.”50
49 Elsa,interview, Banyuwangi, March 30 2022.
50 Suparti, interview, Banyuwangi, April 20 2022.
Therefore, in teaching and learning process by short movies, it is necessary for the teacher to interrupt to pull out the voice. It can be formed in a brief explanation of the passed short movies or questions to make sure the students’ understanding about the movies.
Table 4.1 Research Findings
No Focus Findings
1 Steps of Teaching Writing The steps of teaching writing were: 1) pre-viewing activity, 2) viewing activity, and 3) post viewing activity.
2 Advantages of Using Short Movies
The advantages of using short movies, are: 1) seeing language-in-use, 2) cross cultural awareness, 3) power of creation and 4) motivation.
3 Disadvantages of Using Short Movies
The disadvantages of using short movies, are: 1) movies create fixed space as it runs during periods, 2) movies are not always suitable to the all lesson, 3) movies are poor at presenting abstract, non-visual information.
B. Discussion
This section discusses about the result in the findings. Here the discussions:
1. The Steps of Teaching Writing by Using Short Movies
The teaching and learning process in Indonesia has a regulation and in its implementation is supervised by the Ministry of Education. The teaching and learning process must be conducted accordance to the guidelines. The steps of teaching are also included into the element in conducting the learning process. The steps of teaching writing which had used by the English Teacher, was adapted from Stoller. There are some activities in learning writing through the short movie:51
a. Pre-viewing Activity
In this activity, the students prepare to see the short movie. The teacher gave the brainstorming to develop the students’ background knowledge about the narrative text.
b. Viewing Activity
Viewing activity is to facilitate the actual of a video. In this activity, help the students to focus about the character, setting and plot of the story. The short movie is show until the end and the teacher can play the short movie twice at that time.
c. Post viewing Activity
In this activity, the students will write the narrative text based the information that they got when they watch the short movie.
51 Stoller F.1988. Films and Videotapes in the ESL/EFL Classroom.(U.S. Department of Education Office:Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC))p.9.
Based on the findings and theory above, it was concluded that the steps of teaching writing at eighth graders which has conducted by Mr.
Suparti matched the theory of classroom activities by Stoller. The steps must be compatible to the media which teacher used. Moreover, it must be customized with the allocation time of the teaching.
2. The Advantages of Teaching Writing by Using Short Movies
After doing the data collecting technique such as observation, interview and Focus Group Discussion, the researcher found there are many advantages of using short movies to enhance students’ writing skill.
First, short movies can inspire students’ learning enthusiasm. It was supported by the statement of one student namely Icha. She stated that learning by using short movies can inspire her enthusiasm because it is not like a kind of learning as usual. The statement was also strengthened from student namely Elsa. She stated that watching movies is makes happy and enjoy. They could understand more of the material.
The teaching and learning by using short movies for narrative text certainly is perfect combination in which narrative text generally constitutes a kind of stories text.
It was relevant to harmer statement which has written in a previous chapter that there are four advantages movies in teaching writing, those are:
One of the main advantages of the movie is that students do not just hear the language, they see it too. This greatly aids comprehension, since, for example, general meaning and moods are often conveyed through
expression, gesture, and other visual clues. Therefore, it can be observed how intonation can match facial expression.52
Students’ enthusiastic in teaching and learning process can be seen from their interest to begin the class. The students seemed impatient to learn by using short movies. Since the teacher stepped the class, the students were curious, happy and continuously asked the teacher about the learning that day. Some students directly stood from their seats to help the teacher preparing the devices of watching short movies. The students did that in order to speed the preparation up caused by their impatient of beginning the watching. The students were spirit by preparing the devices quickly with their smile.
The students’ motivation has been built little by little. It can be proven from their opinion in interview and focus group discussion. The students delivered their satisfaction in learning by using short movies. It seems like they were watching in cinema. The students were entertained by the jokes of the movies so that the class was running effectively as the students were attending the learning well. Some students were repeating the movies’ pronunciation reflex in the middle of movies’ running as it was in humorous scene of the movies. The others were repeating these students, too. Indirectly, they had been motivated to memorizing the words by their own willingness. The other proof was proven in the next class, there some students seemed happily and spirit but while the class began, they were
52 Suparwoto Sapto Wahono & Ulfa Khodijatul Qodriah, Improving Students’ Writing Skill Using English Movie with Subtite(IAIN Jember: International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 9, Issue 12) Page 595
asking for using the short movies again. It was broken as it was the day for the students to submit their week assignments.
Machfudi wrote in his journal that the success of language learning has been credited according to student’s levels of motivation. He also wrote that the teacher is challenged to always build students’ self-esteem, by building good rapport in order to create non-threatening atmosphere53. It was relevant with the occurrence which has written in previous paragraph that the teacher has tried much in building students’ motivation in learning English. In evaluation session of teaching and learning by using short movies, the teacher gave the student who has answered her question, did not care true or false, all students who had tried hard to answer the teacher’s question. It can be seen that the teacher has done her obligation in building students’ motivation by giving rewards as the statement of Machfudi. In another side, the English teacher was also doing a positive feedback to student which has less right of answer.
As the whole results of data collection has been written, the using of short movies in enhancing students’ writing skill in narrative text positively has given many advantages to the teaching and learning process. The advantages of using short movies, are:
a. The short movies can be media for teaching the other chapter in appropriate material.
53 Mochammad Imam Machfudi,”Issues and Challenges in Maintaining Motivation to Learn English in Rural Madrasah Context”(IAIN Jember: International Journal of English Teaching, Volume 5, Issue 2, December 2016) page 1
b. The students’ achievement has been enhanced s they can learn by using audio visual media.
c. The students’ understanding increase than before.
d. The students’ memories of the vocabularies stronger.
e. The students’ learning in four skills at once. They are: the students read the subtitle; the students listened the pronunciation; the students’
speaking from their repeated the sentences and the students’ learning in writing narrative text in a paper.
Harmer also state that using short movies gives advantages. They are: 1) seeing language-in-use, it means the students can learn the language directly when it was using in short movies, 2) cross cultural awareness, the students can realize that the differences of language is one of the various culture, 3) power of creation, the students might develop their imagination and creativity after watching the movies and 4) motivation, motivation can be seen from students’ enthusiastic during class.
3. The Disadvantages of Teaching Writing by Using Short Movies
The disadvantages can be defined as the deficiencies of something.
The deficiencies generally can be solved by the strategy, technique and media. Therefore, in its implementation of using short movies in media to enhance students' ability in writing skill thus can be run well. As it has been written, besides the advantages, using of short movies also has the disadvantages.