Simple : Still, it has many poor people

ENGLISH TEXTBOOK

A. Reviery of Retated Study

2) Simple : Still, it has many poor people

s v(P) ^o

3) Compound : Canada is a rich cormtrv,

but still it

has manv

S P C conj. S(C)P

poor Ie

o

:

Bali

is beautiful island

SP

^C

5) Simple : There are many visitors there

Expl. P S ^Adv.

Compound sentence, according to Johan compound sentence is:

4) Simple

20 A. Ghani Johan, Reoding and Tronslolion,p. Sl.

2f Fuad Mas'ud, Essential ofEnglish Gromnir,p. 18.

6) Compound :

Bali

is beautifrrl island and there are many

S P C conj. ^Expl.

P visitors there.

S ^Adv.

7) Simple :

kaming

a foreiqn lanquaee is a special

SPC

accomplishment.

9) Simple : the two can be matched.

SP

10)

Compomd: lrarning

a foreisn lanquase is a special accomolishment,

SPC

talent is innate,

but

the

two

can be matched.

SPCconj.SP

ln

sentences number

l, 2,4,5,7,8,

and 9 are simple sentences, when

two or

more simple sentences are combined

with

conjunctions, so

will

be compound sentence as in sentences number 3, 6 and 10.

(c) Complex sentence

According to Johan complex sentence is:

" kalimat yang mempunyai lebih

dari

satu subyek don predikat yang

terjadi

karena adanya anak-anak kalimot

/

subHausa

di

samping induk kqlimat

/ Hausa ulama. Subklosa tersebut mungkin pula

subHosa benda. ^"22 (Sentence

that has more thdn one 'iubjecf'and

predicate hoppened because there

are

subordinate clause beside main clause. The subordinate clause maybe in

form

noun clause subordinale).

Complex Sentence

adalah kalimat yang

mengarulung

satu main

clause (kalimat induk) dan satu atau lebih dependent clause (subordinate clause

anak

kolimat yang lergantung poda moin clause), yong antdrd keduonya dihubungkan dengan menggunakan

"relative pronoun" atdu kato ganti

"

^{A. Ghani} Johan, Reading and Translalion, p .Bz

8) Simple : talent is innate.

S PC

According to Fuad Mas'ud complex sentence is

penghubyyg: who, whom, which, that, dan whose yang berorti

'yang'.23 (Complex senlence is senlence that has one main clause and one

or more

dependent clauses,

which

between

them both correlated

by relative

pronoun:

who, whom, which, thot, and whose).

From statement above we can conclude

if

complex sentence contains one independent clause

at

least one dependent clause.

Unlike

a compound sentence, however, a complex sentence contains clauses, which are not equal.

Examples:

l) Simple : My

friend invited me to a party.

Idonotwanttogo.

2) Compound : My

friend invited me to a party,

but I

do not want to go.

3) Complex

^:

Altho"eh

my friend invited me to a party,

I

do not want to go.

From examples above simple and compotmd sentence at number

I

and 2,

if

they are

joined will

be complex sentence at number 3

l)

Independent clause : The course sometimes does not suit their talent and

S Adv.

ability.

2)

Dependent

clause

^: The students take.

SP

P

o

3)

Complex

sentence

: The course that the students take sometimes does not suit their talent and

ability

Base on the examples above, independent clause and dependent clause that

are joined with relative pronoun (that) is called complex

sentence

too.

(d) Compound-Complex

is a

sentence that consists

of multiple

independent clauses,

2r Fuad Mas'ud, Ess enliat of English Orammar, p. 19

Kalimat

majemuk sempurna yang mengandung sqlu atau lebih main clause dan satu alau lebih dependent clause. (Merupa-kan gabungan

antaro kalimat

majemuk dengan

kalimat sempurna).')

(Compound- complex sentence

that has

one

or more main

_clauses

and

one

or more

dependenl

clauses. (It is combination

between compound- complex sentence and complete sentence).

Examples:

1)

lndependent clause

2)

Independent clause

3)

Dependent clause

4)

Compound- complex sentence

: The package arrived in the morning.

:

^{I could check} the contents.

: The currier

left

before.

: The package arrived in the moming,

but

the currier left before

I

could _{check the} contents-

5)

Independent

clause

^: Bali is ^a beautiful island.

6)

lndependent

clause

:

I will

be there.

7)

Dependent

clause

^: From which he comes.

8)

Compound- Complex

sentence

: Bali, from which he comes, is ^a beautiful island so, one day

I will

be there.

The

sentences

number l, 2, 5,

and

6 are

Independent clauses

and

the sentences

at

number

3

and

7

are dependent clause.

If

independent clauses and dependent clauses are combined

with relative

pronoun and

conjunction,

so the sentence be a compound- complex sentence

form

such as at number 4 and 8.

l{

march 2008)

25 lruadMas'ud, Essentiol of' [,nylish G rumntur, p. 19

{i'h

at least one

of

which has at least one dependent clause.24 According Fuad Mas,ud compound-complex sentence is:

(2)

Simple sentence pattems, especially

for

simple sentence,

it

has some patterns, such as:

Table 2.1

Sentence Paftem : Noun + Verb

NOUN PIIRASE VERB PHRASE

Noun Verb

Thunder The earth

Trees

A hurricane/

Btuds

Sounded shook and trembled

tell

had begun

"

cried26

From the table

above,

was

explained

every

sentenc€ consists

of

norm phrase and verb phrase. Noun phrase contained noun and verb phrase contained verb.

Table2.2

Sentence Pattem: Noun + Verb ⁺

Adverb

NOUN PHRASE VERB PHRASE

Noun Verb Adverb

He She He

I

Hc

has been

working will

stop

will

drive

will

drive

will

dine

all

day soon home

fast

quietlfT

6. George E. Wishon and Julia M. Burks, ,er

t ^lt/r

^{e English, revised} edition, New york:

Lifio_n Educational Publishing lntemational, 1980, p.2.

''.lbilp.8.

The table above explained that every sentence consists

ofnoun

phrase and verb phrase

too. But in this

table noun phrase contained noun and

verb

phrase contained verb and adverb.

Table 2.3

Sentence Pattem : Noun

*

_Verba

*

tional Phrase

From

this

table was

known, if all of

sentences consist

of

noun phrase and verb phrase- Noun phrase contained notur and verb phrase contained verb and prepositional phrase.

Table 2.4

Sentence Pattem : Noun + Verba + Norm

NOUN PHRASE VERB PHRASE

Subject Verb

Noun

_Noun

The pmfessor She She Her students

They

is reading enjoys teaches

like

take

a new book books geography her lecturers many tests29

NOTJN

PHRASE VERB PHRASB

Noun Verb Prepositional

phrase

The passengers The departure

I

They They

I

had waited was annotmced walked

will fly will

arrive

in the terminal

over the loudspeaker

"

the gate for three hours at the airport2t

'". ^tbid, p. 14-

".lbid,p-24.

Direct object

Sentences in the table above consist

ofnoun

phrase and verb phrase. Noun phrase contained noun as subject and verb phrase contained verb and noun as direct object.

Table 2.5

Sentence Pattem: Noun + Verbal ⁺ Noun + Noun

NOUN PHRASE VERB PHRASE

Subject Verb indirect object Direct object

Noun

Noun

/ pronoun

Noun

Tim

The

university

The letter

He

Tim

cold had awarded

gave must pay

showed

his

fried Tim him

the university

me

Sentences

in table 2.5

consist

of noun

phrase

and verb

phrase.

Noun

phrase contained noun as subject and verb phrase contained verb, noun/pronoun as indircct object and noun as direct object.

Table2.6

Sentence Pattem: Noun

*

Verb + Noun +

Ad

ective

. lbid,p-42.

. lbid,p.60.

NOUN PHRASE VERB PHRASE

Subject Direct object Objective

complement

Noun

Verb

Noun Adjective

They They The climate

Time They

the people their speech

the people the krimskys their new home

different peculiar easy going less

critical

different3l

3l

something a scholarship the detail the tee the latter3o

found thought

made has made

find

Sentences

in

table 2.6 consist

of

noun phrase and verb phrase too. Noun phrase contained noun as subject and verb phrase contained noun as direct object and adjective as objective complement.

Table2.7

Sentence Pattem: Noun +

Linki

Verb +

Ad

ective

The table above consists

of

noun phrase and verb phrase.

Noun

phrase contained noun as subject and verb phrase contained

linking

verb and adjective as subjective complement

Table 2.8

Sentence Noun +

linki

verb + adverbial

NOUN PHRASE VERBPHRASE

Subject

Subjective complement

Noun

Linking

verb Adjective

Water Crops Water Use Natural resources

as are call be

is are

Necessary poor dangerous

important precious32

NOUN PHRASE VERBPHRASE

Subject

Subjective complement

Noun

Linking

verb Adverbial

Dorothy She The

office

She She

is not is is must be should be

here now

an her way downtown on the comer

there soon home in time

for

dirurer33

".Ibid,p.68.

".

^{thid, p- 71.}

The table

above consists

of noun

phrase and

verb

phrase,

noun

phrase contained noun as subject and verb phrase contained

linking

verb and adverbial as subjective complement.

Table 2.9

Sentence paftem: Noun

* linking

verb + noun

NOUN

PHRAST],

VERB PHRASE

Subject Linking verb

Subjective complement

Noun Noun

My

name

I

I

He He

is am am going to be

won't

be come

will

remain

Rein

a student a teacher anything a

studen#

Sentences

in table 2.9

consist

of noun

phrase

and verb

phrase.

Noun

phrase contained noun as subject and verb phrase contained

linking

verb and noun as subjective complement.