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The

^space ^{age has} ^truly ^arrived ^at

America's farms.

And

it'snotjust thespaceage,either.

Don't forget the

computer

age, the geneticageandahost of otherscientific

whirlygizzmosthat

seem

todefylogic.

Those

who

whinethat "there'snothing

leftto invent" haven'theard about the square tomatoes, the

computer

that grades carcasses, the "compu-robots,"

orthesatellite

up

abovetheearththatis,

right now, quietly

skimming

its laser lightover acornfield to detect potential nutrientdeficienciesinthe plants.(For

more on

the laser, see page 10 ofthis issue.)

Granted,thisisheadystuff.

And

what

is so incredible about

some

of this

technology^isthatit'shappeningtoday.

That's

good news

forfuturefarmers, becausethese

new

technologiesrepresent the latest step in a constantly

moving

wheel of advancements in U.S. agriculture,advancements whichinevitably will

make

farming

profitable,

efficientand,possibly,

fun.

The

Almighty

Computer

The microcomputer

can be found at thecenter of

most

'futuristic"farmtech- nology. For example,electronic identi- ficationforcattleis

now on

themarket.

A

tiny

computer

chip,

no more

than a sixth of an inch long

and

about the diameterof apencil lead,isimplantedin the animal's muscle.

A

"transponder"

interprets a radio signal

from

the chip electronically,

and

a data processing systemautomaticallyrecords, processes, stores or retrieves the transmitted information. Instantly.

Say goodbye

to thebrandingiron.

Butidentificationisjustonebenefit to a

new

electronic-computersystem

now

marketed by the

DeLaval

Agricultural Division of Alfa Laval, Inc. According to Carl Gerhardt, vice president

and

generalmanager,the

company

markets

automated

dairy

management

systems;

the goal is to create a system which

"essentially works entirely through a computer,"says Mr. Gerhardt.

So

farthe

company

has marketed a system

which

utilizes a transponder strapped around a cow's neck that ^is activated

when

theanimalputsherhead through a feed manger.

A

computer, receiving a signal

from

an antenna, is

programmed

to feed the

cow

according toa pre-set ration.

This yearthe

company

^isintroducing a system which actually records the cow's milk productionwhile the

cow

being milked.

The

information is fed intoa

computer

which,inturn,feedsthe

cow

according to her milk production thatday.

And

then there's the

computer and

videocamera operation that

someday

soon will be grading meat carcasses.

This technique,

now

beingperfected by

USDA

scientistsandengineersatKansas State University, uses a

TV camera

Agriculture's Cry

Strap

on your space

helmets,futurefarmers; itlooks like

Buck Rogers

isreplacing

Farmer Brown

tomorrow's

agriculture.

monitorcarcasses;

what

the

camera

sees

is then analyzed by a

computer

that convertstheimagetonumerical

numbers

for fat, lean and marbled portions of beef.

So

far, the technique has been estimated tobe93.5percentaccurate.

Irrigation systems will soonsee vast

improvements

by using computers to

maximize

water usage, while requiring lesshandlabor.

One

computer-controlled lateral-move experimental system is

beingused todaythat isequipped with lasers to keep it perfectly aligned as it

moves. Its

computer program

includes soil

and

weather informationthattakes into account solar radiation, air tem- perature

and

^humidity,^windspeeds,soil moisture

and

evaporation and plant transpiration.

As

soil

and

watersensors indicatetheneedforwater, thecomputer turns the system

on

until the crop's

waterneedsare satisfied.

But computers

may

see their

most

dramatic use in electronic marketing

DELANO: "Computer robots

will

do much of ^our ^present farmwork. Memory

units will

allow farm machinery

to "learn"

jobs from human ^operators ^and

later,

when unattended,

perform

directed without

human guidance.

and

mailing, says

Warren

Clark, marketing products

manager

ofAgriData

TheNational

FUTURE FARMER

tal Ball

By

MichaelWilson

Resources, Inc. AgriData operates a national

computer

networkforfarmers called "AgriStar," offering farmers in- stant information

on

markets, weather andotheritems.

"What

you

wereable to call

up

your microcomputer

from

your tractor cab?" asks Mr. Clark.

"Someday,

may

be possible for

FFA members

totake notesintheclassroom

on

^their

own

personal computer,

and

after class stick it in a briefcase. It all

sounds ten years off, but

some

ofit is

happening now."

Ag

mechanics

may

alsobeinfor

some

fantastic changes over the next few years. Robert Delano, president ofthe American

Farm

BureauFederation,says,

"It is reasonable to

assume

that to-

morrow,

'compu-bots'

— computer

robots

—

will

do much

of our present farmwork.

Memory

units will allow

October-November, 1983

farm machinery to "learn" jobs

from human

operators

and

later,

when

unattended,toperformas directedwithout

human

guidance."Otherexpertspredict computercontrolledtractors,machinery that diagnosesits

own

mechanical pro- blemsandtotalenvironmentcontrolled farming bytheyear 2000.

No-till farming, which ten years ago

was

stilla novelty,is

now

touted asthe

wave

ofthe future.

An

era of "plowless farming"willbein fullswingonvirtually all U.S. cropland in 17 years, says

USDA

research scientists.

At

onetime, properfarm machinery forreduced tillageseemedtobe holding backthe

new

methods.

Now,

largeand incredibly efficient tractors are being marketedspecificallyforusewithno-till planters and tillageequipment. 24-row grain planters

and

specialplows guided bylasers,similar to laser levelingopera- tionsarealsoinexistencetoday.

Self-sufficient livestock

farms

^is anotherareawhichfascinates research- ers.ScientistsatCornellUniversity,for example,haveconstructed alarge-scale

methane

production system ona

New York

dairyfarm.

The methane

digester

is nearly as large as a tennis court, measuring72feetlong, 21 feetwideand

8 feetdeep. It'sdesigned toprocessthe tons ofanimal wastes

from

many

as 240full

grown cows

eachday,

and

will yield

enough

energyto runa generator around the clock

—

^resulting ⁱⁿ

^more

electrical

power

than the farm could possibly use.

One

innovative professor has taken this self-sufficient plan a step further.

Dr. Lowell Wilson,animalscience professor at

Penn

StateUniversity,

drew up

a futuristicplantoproduce meatin the year 2020.

He

describesa five-storybeef production

complex

that

would

operate (Continuedonnextpage)

Out-Of-This-World Farming

By Mark Rowh

Picture

^it.

An

eagerfarmerstoopsto inspect a

row

of soybeans,

and

ex- hales a sharp breath of satisfaction.

Soon

itwillbe timefor harvest. Straight- ening up, he rubs his back

and

gazes skyward,aritualsharedbyfarmers over the centuries.This sky, however, looks vastlydifferent.

Thousands

ofunwinking starsfilltheblackexpanse,theirbeauty outstripped only by the bright blue sphere hanging in their midst like a preciousgem: planet Earth.

Sciencefiction?Perhaps.Butacentury

from now

sceneslikethisare expectedto be part ofeveryday existence.

By

then scientists feel

men

will have gained a firm foothold in space. Orbiting space stations, lunar cities

and

perhaps even colonies

on Mars

or the

moons

of Jupiterwillhave

become

reality.

Thou-

sands of people will be living in these space habitats,andtheywillhavetobe fed.

With

Earth a distant oasis, extra- terrestrialfarmswillbe a necessarypart ofeachspacestation.

And

^it'sa

good

bet that futurefarmers oftoday

—

^or^perhaps

your sons and daughters

—

^will ^help

operatethosespace farms.

The

idea of space farming has fas- cinated futuristic thinkers for years.

Over

30yearsago noted writerArthur C. Clarke predicted development of

domed moon

colonies whichwill

make

use of soil-free hydroponic farming methods. These lunar farms

would

be located in pressurized greenhouses.

Liquidnutrientsandthe bright sunlight ofthemoon's two-week-longdayswould bring richand rapidly

grown

crops.

Similar farms might be expected on Mars, whereself-sufficiencywillbevital,

considering the months-long passage time between the planets. Protective

domes

should also be the rule in the rarified Martian atmosphere, although

some

hardycrops

may

becultivated in theopen. Rather thanhydroponics,the Martian soil should prove a sufficient growing

medium

withthehelp ofwater and powerfulfertilizers.

Otherspacefarms mightbe locatedin sprawling

man-made

satellites, where anEarth-likeenvironment

would

dupli- catehuge growingareas.Anotherinter- esting possibility ^is the use of hollow asteroids,where

warm

temperaturesand constant artificial lighting

would

be maintained.

Favoritecrops,along with soybeans, might include high-protein grainssuch aswheatandrice,alongwith

numerous

vegetables.

And

givenexpectedadvances

ingenetic engineering, entirely

new

crops designed to thrive in extra-terrestrial environments willbe likely.

While their surroundings

may

be unlike those of previous generations, space farmers in these future colonies will be

much

like those of today.

On

their shoulders will restthe

same

awe-

some

responsibilitywhichtoday'sfarmers face: the well-being

and

survival ofthe populations they serve.

The

role these spacefarmers ofthe future playwillbe an integral part of one of mankind's greatest dreams

—

^expansion ^to ^other

worlds. •••

Crystal Ball

(Continuedfrom Page51)

somethinglikethis:

The

^fifthfloorisresponsibleformain- taining25highly-selected,"cloned"

cows

and six bulls, offering nine different genetic

combinations

of offspring

through

artificial insemination

and embryo

transfer methods.

Semen and embryos from

this special herdare not only used within the

complex

but also

marketed

through frozen, fertilized

embryos

andnonfertilizedembryos.

The

herd produces 40"superovulated," fertilized eggs,each 21 days

from

each of the 25 cows. This results in 17,000 fertilized eggs,

two

ofwhichare placed in each recipient commercial female (fourth floor.) Success rate for the transplant process will be, he predicts, 95 percent.

The

fourth flooristhecow,calfunit,

wheremostofthecommercial

cows

are kept, eachreceiving

two

fertilized male embryos.

The

third flooriscalledthe"growing unit." Cattle on thisfloorputon about 400

pounds

beforetransfer to thesecond

floor. Allanimal wastesfromthisfloor are processed through a chemical-heat sterilizerandusedasapartofthe ration

forthecattle fed above, which reduces the

amount

of feed needed byapprox- imately35 percent,plus reducingwaste disposalproblems.

The

secondflooristhe finishingunit.

Cattleare brought hereweighing 1,100

pounds

andfed toanaverage slaughter- weight of 1,600-1,800

pounds

by 12 months.

Most

cattle in this unit, which

will have an annual capacity of 15,000 head,arefullbrothers. Sexingof

semen

hasbeensosuccessful

and

accuratethat thereareessentiallynofemalesproduced, except thosefromelite lines neededfor maintenance in the highly-productive seed herd.

None

of the cattle are cas- trated.

The

firstfloor^istheslaughteringand processing unit,

where

animals are injected with a natural

enzyme

mixture, whichactsasa tenderizingprocess, just prior to slaughter.

Then

the carcasses receive electrical stimulation and are then frozen conventionally, irradiated (by radiation) or freeze-dried. "These

methods may

be soadvanced thatmeat soldthis

way

willtasteevenbetterthan freshmeat doestoday," says Dr. Wilson.

All waste water

from

the unit is

sprayed directly onto nearby highly productive fields and into a special hydroponic unit, where essentially all nutrients are recycled through plants.

Since the beef unit is located near highly-populatedurbancenters,

human

waste and other forms of municipal garbageis

combined

withanimalwaste to create

methane

gas in the unit's

"anerobicdigester-Methane Generator,"

which provides all the heat needed for processing foods,lightandotherpower.

Excessenergyproduced bythe

methane

is used by these nearby housing de- velopments.

Itallsoundstoofarout

and

futuristic tobetrue. Butfor

some

advancements, thefuture is now.

Down

on the farm.

Buck

Rogersishere to stay. •••

'You beeneatingcrabgrass?"

Dalam dokumen National Future Farmer (Halaman 45-48)

—

—

—

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What's Orange And Pink

And Turns Green When You Sell It?

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Troeicana

Free 1-800-237-9611

1-800-282-2217

The Tropicana Premium Pick™ Fund Raiser!

We

how

why

Pick™

Pick™

why

Pick™

Name

The

And

computer

seem

who

computer

up

skimming

more on

And

some

good news

new

moving

make

more

more

more

The

Computer

The microcomputer

most

now on

A

computer

no more

and

A

from

and

Say goodbye

new

now

DeLaval

and

company

automated

management

So

company

which

when

A

from

programmed

cow

company

cow

The

computer

cow

And

computer and

someday

now

USDA

TV camera

Agriculture's Cry

on your space

Buck Rogers

And Turns Green When ^You ^Sell ^It?

do much of ^our ^present farmwork. Memory

jobs from human ^operators ^and