CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Description of The School
1. Research Setting
a. The History of SMA N 1 Raman Utara
SMA N 1 Raman Utara was founded by the government in 2004.
SMA N 1 Raman Utara is located in the village of Raman Aji East Lampung. District SMA N 1 Raman Utara was established by the government by 19500 m2, across geography posisi -5.019, and lengthwise geography position 105, 4215. SMA N 1 Raman Utara began to receive an operating permit on September 30th2004 and operational in 2004/2005.
b. Building Condition and School Facilities 1) Facilities and Infrastructure
SMA N 1 Raman Utara has permanent facilities and infrastructure that divided several rooms for teaching purpose such as:
a) Class Room
(1) Class Room : 13 Rooms.
b) Laboratory
(1) Laboratory Computer : 1 Room.
(2) Laboratory Language : 1 Room (3) Laboratory IPA : 1 Room.
(4) Laboratory Social : 1 Room.
c) Office and Staff Room
(1) Principal Room : 1 Room.
(2) Administration room : 1 Room.
(3) Kitchen room : 1 Room.
d) Facilitation
(1) The Library : 1 Room.
(2) UKS room : 1 Room.
(3) Mosque : 1 Room.
(4) The Counselor room : 1 Room.
(5) Parking Bicycles/ Motorcycle : 1 Room
(6) Toilet : 10 Rooms.
2) Data of the Teachers at SMA N 1 Raman Utara Table 4
Teachers Educational Background
SMA/MA D2 S1
3 1 46
Table 5 Data of teachers
No Name Sex Occupation
1 AgusSudibyo Male Penjas
2 Ali Murtopo, S.Pd Male PAI
3
Baroroh Anita Suprapti, S.Pd
Female Indonesia Language
4 Darwanto Male Admin
5 Devi Kurniati, S.Pd Female Biology
6 Dewi Asti, S.Sos Female Sociology
7 Ekosuaryanto, S.Pd Male Penjas
8 Fatwa Suwigati, S.Pd Female English Language
9 HairulSyahri, S.Pd Male English Language
10
Hamidah Mei Suryani, S.Ag
Female Arab Language
11
I NengahHeriSusanta, A.Md, S.Pd
Male Mathematics
12 I NengahRudiana, S.Pd Male physics
13 I PutuMuliadianta, S.Pd Female Geography
14 IKA KHOIRIATI, S.Pd Female Sociology
15 Jumari, S.Pd Male Economy
16 Jumiati, S.Pd Female Mathematics
17 Kusaeri, S.Pd Male PAI
18 Kusairi, S.Pd Male Physics
19 LiaSeptiani, S.Pd Female Admin
20
Dra. Lia Sri Mulyaningrum
Female History
21 Liwarda, S.Pd Female Biology
22 Lydia Sukma, S.Pd Female Lampungnese, Counselor 23
M. Sahirjan, A.Ma.Pd, S.Pd
Male PKn
24 Manan, A.Md, S.Pd Male Indonesia Language
25
Megawati Arum SemerbaPutri, S.Pd
Female Counselor
26 MertaniaSuhaya, S.Pd Female Perpustakaan 27
Ni PutuYuliWiraningsih, S.Ag
Female Hinduism
28 Ni WayanSriyanti, S.Pd Female Mathematics
29 Novi Puspitasari Female Admin
30 Nuryanti, S.Mn Female PKn
31
Patricia YeniDamayanti, S.Pd
Female Geography
32 PramudiAstuti, S.Pd Female SeniBudaya, History
33 Pristiyani, S.Pd Female Mathematics
34 R.A. Fitri Mariana, S.Pd Female Counselor
35 SartikaFitriyani, S.Pd Female Chemistry
36 Sartono, S.Mn Male Indonesia Language
37 SazliOstian, S.E. Male Admin
38 SitiFajarNurhasanah,S.Pd Female Computer
39 Solikhin, S.Pd Male Economy
40 Sri Pinanggih, A.Ma.Pd Female Admin
41 Sukartini, S.Pd Female English Language
42 Taufiq, S.Pd Male Physics
43 TengkuMelviza, S.Pd Female Admin
44 Tumin, S.Pd Male Headmaster
45 Drs. UntungHaryanto Male TIK
46 Watiman Male Admin
47 WayanDewiAsih, S.E. Female Economy, SeniBudaya
48 Dra. WiwikPujiasih Female Chemistry
49 Yuliana Tri Indiyani, S.Pd Female History
50 YuliusFerdiUntoro, S.Pd Male Penjas
Source by: Documentation of SMA N 1 Raman Utara in the Academic year of 2017/2018
Table 6
Data of Administration Staff
No Name Occupation
1 Sazli Ostian, S.E Leader of TU
2 Darwanto, S.Pd Administration Management
3 Din Security
Source by: Documentation of SMA N 1 Raman Utara in academic year 2017/2018
3) Total of Students at SMA N 1 Raman Utara
SMA N 1 Raman Utara has 326 students, and about 2 students each class, it divided into some classes that could identify as follow:
Table 7
Total of Students at SMA N 1 Raman Utara
No Class
Sex
Amount
Male Female
1 X 35 58 93
2 XI 27 73 100
3 XII 29 104 133
Total 91 235
Source by: Documentation of SMA N 1 Raman Utara in academic year 2017/2018
TEACHER 4) Structure Organization at Senior High School 1 Raman Utara
Organization of Senior High School 1 Raman Utara in Academic Year of 2017/2018
Headmaster Tumin, S.Pd Head of
Administration AgusYulianto, S.Pd
Vice Humas Drs. Untung Vice
Curriculum M. Sahirjan,
S.Pd Vice HM
Student Jumari, S.Pd WakaSapras
Samsul, S.Pd
Pembina OSIS Liwarda, S.Pd Laboratory
Taufiq, S.Pd
CONSELING Megawati Arum
Samerba, S.Pd LIBRARY
Manan,A.md,S.P d
Koor. UKS Wayan Dew Asih, S.Pd
WALI KELAS
STUDENTS
5) Location Sketch of Senior High Scholl 1 Raman Utara Location Sketch of Senior High School 1 Raman Utara
Raman Aji, Raman Utara, East Lmpung 34154
GATE
CANTEN CLASSLABCOMPUTER
MOSQU E
LA B IPA
IP A
BK HEAD
MASTER ROOM
TOILE T
CLAS S
CLASS UKS
CLASS TEACHHER OFFICELIBARY CLASS TOILETCLASS FIELD
LAB IPS
Table 8 The List of Students Name Class XI IPA1
No NAME M/F
1 AJENG PRATIWI F
2 ANA KURNIA SARI F
3 ANGGI APRILIA PUTRI F
4 ANNISA IRMA YANTI F
5 AYU KURNIA WATI F
6 BACHTIAR ROHMAN M
7 DEVA AMELIA ANDRIANI F
8 DEWI SETIANI F
9 DHAYANG PUTBONO DEWI F
10 I MADE RANGGA M
11 I PUTU ARYA BRASMANA M
12 I WAYAN YUDHA SATYA WIDIYA P. M
13 ICA TRI LESTARI F
14 JAYANTI MENDA SARI F
15 MELANDA ROSA F
16 MILA ANGGRAINI F
17 RANI MARYA SARI F
18 SEKAR HANDAYANI F
19 SITI NUR AISYAH F
20 SUMIYATI F
21 VERA ALVI FAJRI F
Source by: Documentation of SMA N 1 Raman Utara in academic year 2017/2018 2. Description of Data
a. First Conditions
This research used Classroom Action Research (CAR), which has purpose to increase the students’ speaking performance and the result of the study at eleventh grade of SMA Negeri 1 Raman Utara. The
researcher used Shadowing Technique as a strategy to increase speaking performance because from the result of pre survey the researcher had information that the students’ at the eleventh grade of SMA Negeri 1 Raman Utara had low grade in speaking performance.
Based on the result of pre survey from 21 students, only 5 students who passed and 16 students who failed with the Minimum Mastery Criteria for English lesson is 68.
In this research, the researcher used Shadowing Technique to increase students’ speaking performance. The research result was gotten through test that was administered to the students in the beginning research and in the end of every cycle, while the activity data was gotten from the observation when the learning activity was happened.
As it is mentioned before, each cycle consist of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting.
b. Cycle 1 1) Planning
In this research, the researcher was as an English teacher with Mrs.
Sukartini, S.Pdas collaborator. Before the learning process began, the researcher and the collaborator would like to discuss about, as follows:
(1) Preparing the material of descriptive and narrative.
(2) Preparing the lesson plan.
(3) Making the items that will be examined as the pre test and the post-test I in the cycle 1.
(4) Preparing Shadowing Technique that used in the action learning.
(5) Making the observation sheet of the students’ activity 1.
The Minimum Mastery Criteria of English subject for eleventh grade at SMA N1 Raman Utara was 68. In this meeting, the students were expected by the teacher to got specific information of the speaking performance. In the first and second meeting, the teacher would explain about descriptive and narrativein speaking performance using Shadowing Technique.
2) Acting
The action in the cycle 1 consist of three meetings, one meeting for the pre-test, one meetings for the action, and one meeting for the post test. The detail process is as follows:
a) The First Meeting
The first meeting was conducted on Wednesday, January 10th, 2018. This meeting was the pre-test for 2x45 minutes before the students given the action. In this meeting the collaborator was being the observer and the researcher was being the teacher. This meeting was started by praying and greeting, checking the attendance list, and asking the students’ condition after that the teacher asked the
students to describe something for the pre-test until finish. In this chance, the pre-test became the opening of the meeting.
The table below shows the data and the frequency of the students’ pre-test score:
Table 9
The Pre-test Result of Students’ Speaking Performance Class XI
No NAME GRADE NOTE
1 A P 50 Incomplete
2 A KS 70 Complete
3 APP 50 Incomplete
4 AIY 60 Incomplete
5 AKW 60 Incomplete
6 BR 60 Incomplete
7 DAA 55 Incomplete
8 DS 55 Incomplete
9 DPW 65 Incomplete
10 IMR 60 Incomplete
11 IPAB 60 Incomplete
12 IWYSWP 50 Incomplete
13 ITL 70 Complete
14 JMS 60 Incomplete
15 MR 60 Incomplete
16 MA 60 Incomplete
17 RMS 65 Incomplete
18 SH 65 Incomplete
19 SNA 65 Incomplete
20 S 55 Incomplete
21 VAF 60 Incomplete
TOTAL 1260
AVERAGE 60
HIGH GRADE 70
LOW GRADE 50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Grade≥68
Percentage
Pre-test 9,53%
Grade≤68
Table 10
The Percentage of Students’ Speaking Performance Pre-test Grade No Score Frequency Percentage Category
1 ≥68 2 9,53 % Complete
2 ≤ 68 19 90,47 % Incomplete
Total 21 100%
Source: The result of Pre-test on Wednesday, January 10th, 2018
The result of the pre-test showed that there were 19 students incomplete to achieve the minimum standard of mastery. There were only 2 students (9,53%) who gained grade 68 or above, and 19students (90,47%) who gained grade under 68. The highest grade in pre-test was 70 and the lowest grade was 50.
Chart 1
Result of the Students at the Pre-Test Pre Test
90,47
%
Based on the result of the pre-test above, it can be concluded that students still have low score in speaking performance.
Furthermore, this condition was appropriate with the background problem in the chapter I that the students cannot speak English well.
b) The Second Meeting
In the second meeting was conducted on Saturday, January13rd, 2018 for 2x45 minutes. In this meeting, the researcher was being the teacher and the collaborator was being the observer, the action as follow:
(1) The teacher greeted the students and checked the attendance list.
(2) The teacher gave the information about the material.
(3) The teacher gave the example how to describe something or someone.
(4) The teacher gave Shadowing Technique, which applied as follows:
a) The teacher gave the students a video of native speaker who talked about descriptive.
b) The teacher guided the students to listen it carefully.
c) The teacher guided the students to shadow or imitate what native speaker said.
d) The teacher asked the students to repeat it until they could imitate it correctly.
c) The Third Meeting
The third meeting was conducted on Wednesday, January17th, 2018. This meeting was used as the post-test 1 for 2x45 minutes, after the students were given the action. The result of the students’ score in post-test 1 will be showed in the following table:
Table 11
The Result of the Students’ Grade in Post-Test 1
No NAME GRADE NOTE
1 A P 65 Incomplete
2 A KS 70 Complete
3 APP 65 Incomplete
4 AIY 70 Complete
5 AKW 65 Incomplete
6 BR 65 Incomplete
7 DAA 75 Complete
8 DS 60 Incomplete
9 DPW 65 Incomplete
10 IMR 70 Complete
11 IPAB 60 Incomplete
12 IWYSWP 60 Incomplete
13 ITL 75 Complete
14 JMS 70 Complete
15 MR 65 Incomplete
16 MA 70 Complete
17 RMS 75 Complete
18 SH 65 Incomplete
19 SNA 65 Incomplete
20 S 60 Incomplete
21 VAF 60 Incomplete
TOTAL 1395
AVERAGE 66,4
HIGH GRADE 75
LOW GRADE 60
Table 13
The Frequency of the Students’ Score in Post-Test I No Score Frequency Percentage Category
1 ≥68 7 33,33% Complete
2 ≤ 68 14 66,67% Incomplete
Total 21 100%
Source: The result of Post-test on Wednesday, January17th,2018
The result of the post-test 1 showed that there were 14 students Incomplete to achieve the minimum standard of mastery. There were 7 students (33,33%) who gained grade 68 or above, and 14 students (66,67%) who gained grade under 68. The highest grade in post-test 1 was 75 and the lowest grade was 60.
Chart 2
The Increase of Students’ Grade from Pre-Test and Post-Test I
1) 2)
3)
9,53%
33,33%
0,00%
5,00%
10,00%
15,00%
20,00%
25,00%
30,00%
35,00%
Pre-Test Post-Test I
Increase Percentage
Percentage
From the data of Pre-Test and Post Test, it was shown that there were 9,53% students who passed the test in Pre-Test and 33,33%
students who passed in Post-Test I, so the progress was 23,8%. It could be concluded that the result of Post-Test I was better than Pre- Test.
3) Observing
In observation of teacher’s action the researcher presented three meeting in cycle 1 of learning to find the information of speaking performance lesson. This observation was conducted by the collaborator, Mrs. Sukartini, S.Pd. She is English teacher for the eleventh grade students’ of SMA N 1 Raman Utara. For the first meeting the teacher only gave the pre test for the students.
The students who got the grade more than 68 in pre test cycle 1 are only 2 students of 21 students.
For the second meeting the teacher explained the material about descriptive in speaking performance and using Shadowing Technique in teaching and learning process. A highly appreciation came to their interest in speak up in English because they foundthe strategy was very helpful.
In the third meeting, the teacher gave the post test 1 for the students. The students began be active and interested in teaching and learning process. In the post test of cycle 1 there were 7 students of 21 students who got 68 or more but this
resultwasbetter than before. The data of the students’ activity can be seen in the table bellow:
Table 14
The Result of the Students’ Activity in Learning Process of Cycle 1
No Students’ Activity Frequency Percentage 1 To pay attention to the
teacher’s explanation.
15 71.42%
2 Active to do Shadowing Technique
10 47.61%
3 Active to imitate the speaker
10 47.61%
4 Active to practice speaking
10 47.61%
5 To give response in learning process
15 71.42%
The data above explained that the total of students who paid attention to the teacher explanation were 15 (71.42%) and 10 students (47.61%) active to do Shadowing Technique. Students who were active to imitate the speaker were 10 (47.61%) and 10 students (47.61%) were active to practice speaking. There were 15 students (71.42%) gave response in learning process.
4) Reflecting
Based on the result of cycle I, it can be seen that most of students get difficulty in speaking performance. It happens because the students had less confident to speak up and did not know how to express their idea. In the end of cycle 1, the result of students’ activitiesincreased. The students who passed the test also increased from the 9,53% in Pre-Test and33,33% in Post- Test, but it was not fulfil the completeness standard at least 70%
students must get ≥68.
For the information related to the indicator of success has not been achieved,so the research continued on cycle II.
c. Cycle II
The cycle II was similar with cycle I. It divided into planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. It would be explained more as follows:
1) Planning
Based on the reflection that had been conducted in the cycle 1, the researcher and the collaborator made the planning of the action, as follows:
(1) Preparing the material of narrativetext.
(2) Preparing the lesson plan.
(3) Preparing the items that will be examined as the post-test in the end of cycle.
(4) Preparing Shadowing Technique that used in the action teaching and learning process.
(5) Preparing the observation sheet of the students’ activity 2.
(6) To plan the scenario of the implementation of action and the implementation of Shadowing Technique.
2) Acting
The action in the cycle II, consist of two meetings, one meeting for the action, and one meeting for the post-test in the end of cycle. They were:
a) The First and Second Meeting
Based on the learning implementation plan II, the allocation of the time for two meetings was (4 x 45 minutes), therefore, the first and the second meeting were used as the implementation of the action in cycle II.
The first meeting was conducted on Saturday, January20th, 2018. The action that was conducted as follows:
(1) The teacher greeted the students and checked the attendance list.
(2) The teacher gave the information about the subject that would be learnt.
(3) The teacher reviewed the material that had learned in the cycle 1 that was speaking performance.
(4) The teacher gave the example ofnarrative story.
(5) The teacher gave Shadowing Technique for the students. The role of this strategy as follows:
a) The teacher played a video of narrative performance.
b) The teacher gave example to do Shadowing Technique.
c) The teacher asked the students to imitate the native speaker.
d) The teacher asked the students to do shadowing until they could do it well.
(6) The students followed the teaching learning carefully, they were enjoy and enthusiasm to study.
(7) The students were asked to review their performance.
(8) For the last, the teacher and students made a conclusion and closed the meeting.
The second meeting was conducted on Saturday, January20th, 2018. This meeting used as the post-test II in the end of cycle II, for 2x45 minutes the students was given the action. It has been finished well by the students where
they had to do shadowing technique and speak up in front of the class about report. The result of the students’ grade in post-test II can be seen in the following table:
Table 14
The Result of the Students’ Grade in Post-Test II
No NAME GRADE NOTE
1 A P 70 Complete
2 A KS 75 Complete
3 APP 70 Complete
4 AIY 75 Complete
5 AKW 70 Complete
6 BR 70 Complete
7 DAA 75 Complete
8 DS 65 Incomplete
9 DPW 65 Incomplete
10 IMR 75 Complete
11 IPAB 70 Complete
12 IWYSWP 65 Incomplete
13 ITL 80 Complete
14 JMS 75 Complete
15 MR 70 Complete
16 MA 75 Complete
17 RMS 75 Complete
18 SH 70 Complete
19 SNA 75 Complete
20 S - Incomplete
21 VAF 70 Complete
TOTAL 1435
AVERAGE 71,75
HIGH GRADE 80
LOW GRADE 65
Table 16
The Frequency of the Students’ Grade in Post-Test II No Score Frequency Percentage Category
1 >68 16 80% Complete
2 < 68 4 20% Incomplete
Total 20 100%
The result of the post-test II showed that there were 4 students failed to achieve the minimum standard of mastery (MMC). There were 16 students (80%) who gained grade 68 or above, and 4 students (20%) who gained grade under 68.
The highest grade in post-test was 80 and the lowest grade was 65. But, the result of the students’ test was better than the students’ post test in cycle I.
Chart 3
TheIncrease Percentage of Students’ Grade from Post-Test I and Post-Test II
20%
80%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Post-Test I Post-Test II
Increase Percentage
Percentage
From the data of Post-Test I and Post-Test II, it was shown that there were 33,33% students who passed in Post-Test I and 80%
students who passed in Post-Test II, so the progress was 46,67%.
Because the target was 70%, this cycle was successful.
3) Observing
In this step, the researcher presented the material and applied Shadowing Technique in teaching and learning process.
The researcher gavea video about spoken narrative by native speaker. Then, the students imitated it. Next, the students tried to do English speaking about narrativeas well. Based on the result of the observation sheet in cycle II, the researcher indicated that learning process in cycle II was successful. The result score of students’ learning activities observation, as follows:
Table 17
The Result of the Students’ Activity in Learning Process of Cycle II
No Students' Activity Frequency Percentage 1 To pay attention to the teacher’s
explanation. 21 100%
2 Active to do Shadowing Technique 20 95.23%
3 Active to imitate the speaker 19 90.47%
4 Active to practice speaking 19 90.47%
5 To give response in learning
process 21 100%
The table above showed that the students’ activity in cycle II was increased. The students’ activity that had high percentage were pay attention of teacher’s explanation (100%) and active to do Shadowing Technique (95.23%). The students who were active to imitate the speaker were 19students (90.47%). Then, the students wereactive to practice speaking(90.47%) and the last the students gave response in learning process (100%). Based on the result above, the researcher indicated that learning process in cycle II was successful because the fifth students’ activity got percentage ≥80%.
Based on the result of the research in cycle II, it could be concluded that cycle II was successful. The researcher felt satisfied about the result of the research. There were ≥70% of students passed the test. It means the students’ speaking performance had increased. From the result above, the researcher concluded that this research was successful and would be not continued in the next cycle.
The table below showed the recapitulation of the students’ increasing speaking performance in pre test, post test I, and post test II.
Table 17
The Recapitulation of Students’ Increasing
NO NAME PRE
TEST
POST TEST I
POST
TEST II EXPLANATION
1 A P 50 65 70 INCREASED
2 A KS 70 70 75 INCREASED
3 APP 50 65 70 INCREASED
4 AIY 60 70 75 INCREASED
5 AKW 60 65 70 INCREASED
6 BR 60 65 70 INCREASED
7 DAA 55 75 75 CONSTANT
8 DS 55 60 65 INCREASED
9 DPW 65 65 65 CONSTANT
10 IMR 60 70 75 INCREASED
11 IPAB 60 60 70 INCREASED
12 IWYSWP 50 60 65 INCREASED
13 ITL 70 75 80 INCREASED
14 JMS 60 70 75 INCREASED
15 MR 60 65 70 INCREASED
16 MA 60 70 75 INCREASED
17 RMS 65 75 75 CONSTANT
18 SH 65 65 70 INCREASED
19 SNA 65 65 75 INCREASED
20 S 55 60 0 INCREASED
21 VAF 60 60 70 INCREASED
Total 1260 1395 1435
Average 60 66,4 71.75
The Lowest
Grade 50 60 65
The Highest
Grade 70 75 80
Based on the result above, it could be inferred that using Shadowing Technique to teach speaking performance could increase the students’ speaking performance because there was increasing from average in pre-test 63,8 became 66.4 in post-test I and 72,25in post-test II. In the cycle II, most of the students could