SEKILAS
PROFESI MANAJEMEN REKAYASA INDUSTRI
Rizal Affandi Lukman TI 80
Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian
OUTLINE PRESENTASI
Apa itu Manajemen Rekayasa Industri (Engineering
Management)?
Driven Factors for Economic Growth
The Future of Work (Human Society & Business)
Indonesian Vision 2025
Modernisasi Russia
PRODI MRI DI ITB
Manajemen Rekayasa Industri
(Engineering Management) di Institut Teknologi Bandung adalah Pioneer
sekaligus pilot project program studi MRI yang pertama di Indonesia.
Jurusan baru (sejak 2 tahun yang lalu) di Fakultas Teknologi Industri yang
merupakan pecahan dari Teknik Industri .
Apa itu MRI?
Engineering management adalah
cabang ilmu TEKNIK yang diakui oleh ABET (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology).
Menurut IEEE “Engineering
management is the discipline addressed to making and
implementing decisions for strategic and operational leadership in current and emerging technologies and their impacts on interrelated systems”.
Menurut Omurtag “Enginering
Management is Designing, Operating, and continuously improving
purposeful system of people,
machines, money, time, information, and energy by integrating
engineering and management
knowledge, techniques, and skills to achieve desired goals in technological enterprise through concern for the
environment, quality, and etchics”
Apa itu MRI? ...
lanjutan
Menurut Wiki Pedia: Engineering Management is a specialized form of management and engineering that is concerned with the application of
engineering principles to business practice. Engineering Management is a
career that brings together the technological problem-solving savvy of engineering and
the organizational, administrative, and
planning abilities of management in order to oversee complex enterprises from
conception to completion.
Apa itu MRI? ...
lanjutan
Seorang Engineering Manager kerjanya
beda dari manajer2 biasa, karena seorang Engineering Manager punya keahlian untuk mengaplikasikan engineering
principles dan keahlian dalam organizing and directing people dan projects.
Seorang engineering manager punya kualifikasi dalam 2 tipe pekerjaan, yaitu:
The management of technical functions (such as design or production) di semua organisasi, dan
the management of broader functions (such as marketing or top management).
THE LEVEL 5 HIERARCHY
Executive Effective Leader Competent Manager
Contributing Team Member Highly Capable Individual
LEVEL 5 LEVEL 4 LEVEL 3 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 1
7 disiplin ilmu engineering management menurut EMC (Engineering Management
Certification)
1. Market Research, Technology Updates, &
Environmental Scanning
2. Planning & Adjusting Business Strategies 3. Developing Products, Services, &
Processes
4. Engineering Operations & Change 5. Financial Resources & Procurement 6. Marketing & Sales
7. Leading Individuals & Engineering Project
Teams
Kenapa Harus ada MRI?
Meskipun prodi MRI ini baru muncul di Indonesia, di Amerika Prodi Engineering management sudah ada sejak era 1960- an yang diprakarsai oleh Univesity of
Missouri Rolla. Sampai sekarang di
Amerika sudah ada 297 kampus yang menyediakan program studi Engineering Management termasuk program master dan doktor.
Ada 2 perubahan mendasar yang menuntut timbulnya ilmu engineering
management. Perubahan pertama dilihat dari sisi Engineering dan perubahan
kedua dilihat dari sisi Business.
Dari sisi engineering ada beberapa
perubahan di era sekarang dalam melihat ilmu dan peran para engineer. Dewasa ini seorang engineer, ketika memasuki dunia kerja sudah tidak lagi menjalankan
perannya sebagai traditional engineer (cuma berkutat dibidang teknis, buat peralatan, ngulik mesin, dll), ...
Kenapa timbulnya ilmu
engineering management?
tetapi menjadi project managers, technical sales people, and lead
systems engineers yang melibatkan proses pendefinisian, perancangan, pengintegrasian, pemasaran, dan pengujian kompleks dan multi-
fungsional sistem informasi teknologi- sentris (Abel, 2005).
Paradigma para engineer sekarang bukan lagi semata-mata membuat sesuatu karena didorong oleh rasa penasaran, hobi, dll
(seperti saat jaman Thomas Alpha Edison, Einstein dll) tetapi juga didorong karena alasan komersial.
Engineer ingin hasil karyanya mampu
diserap pasar dan menjadi suatu bisnis baru (contoh: microsoft, Apple). Untuk
meng-komersialkan suatu hasil teknologi, bukanlah hal yang mudah.
Merubah suatu invention menjadi
inovation, tidak cukup dengan melihat hal- hal teknis semata (able to produce),
diperlukan ilmu management, business, Finance, dll. Agar menjadi able to be
accepted by the market. Maka dari itulah muncul Ilmu Engineering Management
yang mengakomodir tuntutan peran sebagai engineer di masa depan.
Dari segi bisnis. Dewasa ini perusahaan tidak hanya menjadikan tangible asset (seperti profit, gedung, tanah, dll) sebagai the one and only critical success factornya.
Perusahaan dewasa ini juga menganggap Intangible Asset seperti knowledge, SDM yang handal sebagai sumber daya
terpenting bagi perusahaan.
R & D (Research and Development) sekarang sudah menjadi primary strength dari perusahaan. Perusahaan yang mampu menguasai teknologi dan mempunyai
knowledge management yang baiklah yang akan menjadi market leader.
Lihat saja Microsoft, General Electrics, Apple, Toyota, apalagi perusahaan2
farmasi yang kegiatan usahanya sangat bergantung pada kegiatan riset dan
inovasi.
Disinilah perlu manager yang paham tentang dunia engineering. Karena
dengan begitu sang manager bisa melihat peluang bisnis dari perkembangan
teknologi yang akan datang.
Driven Factors for Economic Growth
Demikian pula kemajuan suatu bangsa banyak ditentukan oleh sejauh mana teknologi berperan di masyarakat
industrinya dan kualitas dari HRDnya.
Y = f (L, K, TFP)
Y = Ekonomi/Output L = Labor
K = Kapital
TFP = Total Factor Productivity
Perubahan di segi bisnis lainnya
Perubahan umur suatu produk (life cycle of product: intruduction, growth,
maturity, decline) yang makin pendek.
Implikasi terhadap sistem produksi
berubah dari sistem produksi massa (economic of scale) menjadi sistem produksi yang terbatas jumlahnya (economic of scope).
Sebagai contoh era dari piringan hitam ke pita kaset kemudian ke walkman lebih
lama dari era CD/DVD ke MP3 sampe akhirnya ke iPod.
Umur Teknologi Makin Pendek
Karena itu perlu orang yang bisa memantau dan meramal perkembangan teknologi ke depan. Sehingga sewaktu teknologi sudah sampai ke tahapan mature tidak sempat mengalami tahapan decline, tetapi
langsung lanjut berkembang lagi ke tahapan growth.
Karena itu istilah pengembangan produk (product development) saat ini sedang
ngetren, sebab perkembangan teknologi berpengaruh juga ke perkembangan
produk.
Toko musik Aquarius salah satu contoh perusahaan yang produknya tidak bisa bertahan akibat gempuran teknologi internet, Youtube.
Contoh lain adalah PT POS, dimana core business-nya jasa kiriman surat, terus
digempur sama teknologi yang namanya email, sms, mms, dll. Apakah sekarang PT POS mati? Tidak, dia sanggup melakukan diferensiasi produknya, seperti
pengembangan bisnis cargo, filateli, pos
pembagian BLT, tempat pembayaran listrik, air dan bahkan kredit motor. (Lesson
learned: Adaptif)
Contoh-contoh:
The Future of Work: Thomas W.
Malone,
Harvard Business School Press
Independent Centralized Decentralized
Three basic Decision-Making Structures Used in Societies and Business
Bands (15-50) Kingdom Democracies
Small Businesses Corporate Hierarchies Networks
The Pattern in Human Societies
The Pattern in Business
Reforms & Technical Change in the Development context
Domestic condition (Behind the
borders) External
context (Bilateral, Regional &
Multilateral forum)
Reforms
Macro Policies
Social Policies
Technical Change Investment
Industry
Employment (5-6% by
2014) Growth (> 7% p.a.)
Poverty
(8-10% by 2011)
Regional Developme
nt
Reforms in some countries
Country Period of
Reforms Trigger to do Reforms
Mexico 1990s Joining NAFTA
Korea Late 1990s Financial Crises
Indonesia 1983-late1980s Post Oil Boom 1998-2003
2003-2004
Under IMF Program Exit from the IMF Program Beyond 2004 Higher economic
growth under global competition
22
Indonesia: Stepping up to Global Influence
23
Main Thrust ...
24
Rich Natural Resources
most of them are still intact to be processed
into higher VA products 25
Natural Natural
GasGas CoalCoal GeotherGeother
malmal Palm OilPalm Oil CocoaCocoa TinTin NickelNickel BauxiteBauxite
MetricKey s
About 165 TCF
reserveof s at producti
on rate
± 3 TCF pa
World second
largest exporte
r
Home of 40%
world’s of resourc
es (the largest in the world)
World’s largest exporte
r; >19 mil tons per year
At 770 thou tons/ye world’s ar,
2nd largest produce
r
At 65 thou tons/ye world’s ar,
2nd largest produce
r
Own ± 12% of world’s reserve
s (4th largest)
World’s 7th largest reserve
world’s s;
4th largest producti
on
About 40% is About 40% is
assumed assumed feasible. Up to feasible. Up to now, 1.200 MW now, 1.200 MW
has been has been developed.
developed.
About 40% is About 40% is
assumed assumed feasible. Up to feasible. Up to now, 1.200 MW now, 1.200 MW
has been has been developed.
developed.
Will be at Will be at least partially least partially
processed processed domestically domestically by 2013 (new by 2013 (new
mining law:
mining law:
4/2009) 4/2009) Will be at Will be at least partially least partially
processed processed domestically domestically by 2013 (new by 2013 (new
mining law:
mining law:
4/2009) 4/2009)
• Abundant Abundant resources for resources for gas-based gas-based energy and energy and petrochemical petrochemical industries
industries
• Not includingNot including Non-
Non-
Conventional Conventional Gases, from Gases, from Coal Bed Coal Bed Methane and Methane and Coal
Coal
GassGassificationification
• Abundant Abundant resources for resources for gas-based gas-based energy and energy and petrochemical petrochemical industries
industries
• Not includingNot including Non-
Non-
Conventional Conventional Gases, from Gases, from Coal Bed Coal Bed Methane and Methane and Coal
Coal
GassGassificationification
26
Grand Grand Design Design
Of Of MP3EI MP3EI
Grand Grand Design Design
Of Of MP3EI MP3EI
ACTION ACTION PROGRAM PROGRAM
(up to (up to 2014) 2014)
Definition of 6 economic corridors
27
Development Themes in each EC
28
Main Economic Area of
Focus
2930
THE MISSION OF SKOLKOVO INNOVATION CENTER:
PROGRAM MODERNISASI DI RUSSIA
SKOLKOVO IS TO BECOME AN INNOVATION HUB THAT WILL STIMULATE INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND DISSEMINATE
ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE ACROSS THE COUNTRY TO INTEGRATE
RUSSIA INTO THE GLOBAL ECONOMY FOSTERING
ADVANCEMENT OF CREATING GLOBALLY
HUMAN CAPITAL IN
COMPETITIVE
RUSSIA BY
ESTABLISHING GLOBAL
PRODUCTS AND
ATTRACTING FOREIGN INNOVATIVE
SERVICES BASED ON
SPECIALISTS AND COMPANIES IN RUSSIA
CUTTING-EDGE CREATING CONDITIONS
RESEARCH FOR LOCAL INNOVATIVE
TALENT DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGIC GOALS AND SUCCESS MEASURES OF SKOLKOVO
BUILD SELF-SUSTAINING ECO-SYSTEM TO SUPPORT DEVELOPING LOCAL ADVANCED R&D
ENABLE EFFICIENT ACCESS TO
CAPITAL AND EXPERTISE; ATTRACT WORLD-CLASS BUSINESS
ENSURE STRONG IP PROTECTION AND SCIENTIFIC TALENT
ENTRY POINTS
COMMERCIALI- OPERATIONS RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT
ZATION
EXIT POINTS
BUILD GLOBAL HELP TO GENERATE
LEADING BUSINESS, EXTERNAL
REGULATORY AND MARKET DEMAND
VENTURE SUPPORT
ENVIRONMENT CREATE A HOME FOR INDEPENDENT STAKEHOLDERS:
ACADEMIC, CORPORATIONS, RESEARCHERS, VENTURE FINANCE, ETC.
MAIN DIRECTIONS
TECHNOLOGY CLUSTERS(ENERGY, BIOMEDICAL,IT,
SPACE, NUCLEAR) WILL ENGAGE IN DEVELOPING NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND PRODUCTS
Energy IT Biomedical Space Nuclear
Space Nuclear
Biotechnology
Energy efficiency IT and technology in technology
and medical
and energy savingincl. development software technology incl. telecommunica (assistance for tions and
engineering development of special
of new energy
navigation companies in
medical drugs technology
and equipment systems this area)
TIPS: BEKERJA DENGAN KARAKTER &
KOMPETENSI
WISDOM
JUDGEMENT
