704000 528000 352000 176000
ℎ
2 2
MPa
0.058 0.044 0.029 0.014
2.11.
4.1
10.75 − ! "!.#$ %& 1
10.75 − ! '(.#"!.#$ 1
%&
1
!
4.2
!)* .!! ++ 0.7) 2
!)* .!! 0.809881 + 0.7)
!0 0.166086963.
1010 1010
25.2 27.2
75% 18.9 20.4
12.6 13.6
6.3 6.8
,
= 1.07 ∗ 1 + 15 ∗
= 1.07 ∗ 1 + 15 ∗
1.070268486.
4
x 1010
19.4
75% 14.6
9.7 4.9
5
1010 x 1010
x 1010
100% 25.2 19.4 44.6
75% 18.9 14.6 33.5
50% 12.6 9.7 22.3
25% 6.3 4.9 11.1
6
x
1010 1010
x 1010
100% 27.2 19.4 46.6
75% 20.4 14.6 34.9
50% 13.6 9.7 23.3
25% 6.8 4.9 11.6
4.2 Pe
*
4.1
– – 4.2
2
4.3
3 4.3
4.3
4.4
KI .
4.4
4.4.1
4.5
5
4.6
6 1
4.4
.
,
4.4
8
.
.
4.4
9
.
, .
4.4.5
,
.
4.5
y
g
4.7
4.11
7 Hogging
MPa
137 495293 1520673 225.7
138 478495 1471990 225.7
139 474116 1458583 227.85
140 468303 1441209 227.59
141 464446 1429540 226.41
4.11
4.12
225.7 225.7
227.85
227.59
226.41
225 226 227 228
137 138 139 140 141
11
“ ” di pojok kiri ,
size ,
. 4.12
4.6.1
Bergelombang Dengan
13
86.13
187590 0.030405 .
6.583
1.915 .
75
15
9.59 , Untuk
187590 0.022804 .
7.438 ,
1.4362 .
17
93.063 ,
187590 0.015203 .
50
8.292 ,
575 .
4.19
19
46.531 ,
187590 0.0076013 .
9.1459 ,
0.47875 .
n
8
n
MPa
186.13 36.583
139.59 27.438
93.063 18.292
46.531 9.1459 4.6.2
21
239405 .
.
23
221760 763 .
75 4
24
.
,
253649 .
26
.
27
157642 0.011254 .
g
.
9
MPa
100% 227.85 4.9642
75% 170.89 3.7232
50% 113.92 2.4821
25% 56.962 1.2411
4.6.3
9
29
253649 .
30
31
31 75
176.63
157642 0.034898 .
75 32
32
.
33
g
34
2540 .
25 35
35
233132 .
10
MPa
100% 235.51 5.1312
75% 176.63 3.8484
50% 117.76 2.5656
25% 58.878 1.2828
ℎ
ℎ 0.54 10
ℎ 0.54 10
ℎ
=
. ( )=
. ( . )( ) .
( ) .
11
100% 75% 50% 25%
186.13 139.59 93.063 46.531
463000 1310000 3510000 28700000
(20 yrs = 6.3x! "
631000000 631000000 631000000 631000000
q 19.69 13.81 8.67 3.62
1 ,
81
463000 8
1310000 7 3510000
28700000.
Hogging
2
12 Hogging
100% 75% 50% 25%
227.85 170.89 113.92 56.962
241000 600000 2210000 17100000
(20 yrs = 6.3x 631000000 631000000 631000000 631000000
q 25.20 17.76 10.91 4.87
0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13
( + ) 3.62 3.62 3.62 3.62
1.70 0.59 0.14 0.01
2
241000, 600000
2210000 17100000.
3 13
100% 75% 50% 25%
235.51 176.63 117.76 58.878
235000 562000 2000000 14100000
(20 yrs = 6.3x
631000000 631000000 631000000 631000000
( + ) 3.62 3.62 3.62 3.62
1.88 0.66 0.15 0.01
3
88 235000,
66 562000
5 2000000
S
4
37 S
186.13
139.59
93.063
46.531
10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190
0 7000000 14000000 21000000 28000000
186.13
463000 139.59 1310000
93.063 3510000
46.531 28700000
4 14
Variasi Muatan
100% 463000 0.81 24.73
75% 1310000 0.28 71.71
50% 3510000 0.07 289.01
25% 28700000 0.01 3256.59
4
0.81 24.73
0.28 71.71 0.07
289.01 3256.59
S
227.85
170.89
113.92
95 115 135 155 175 195 215
5 15
Variasi Muatan
100% 241000 1.70 11.78
75% 600000 0.59 33.65
50% 2210000 0.14 145.18
25% 17100000 0.01 1638.11
5
0.01
S
39 S
6 16
Variasi Muatan
100% 235000 1.88 10.61
75% 562000 0.66 30.09
50% 2000000 0.15 129.09
25% 14100000 0.01 1438.67
235.51
176.63
117.76
58.878 55
105 155 205
0 5000000 10000000 15000000