Using GIS and remote sensing to determine sensitive areas based on geological hazard perspectives. By using GIS and remote sensing technology to determine sensitive areas based on the perspective of geological hazards, you create a new point of view when conducting surveys. Remote sensing can enable the geomorphic study of areas inaccessible to field investigations, and GIS provides a unique way to perform spatial analysis.
Furthermore, by using the available sources of data (data provider), GIS and Remote Sensing can be used more effectively and efficiently compared to the current or traditional methods for the interpretation of extremely large coverage research area. He proposed a method for determining sensitive area based on geological hazard outlook using GIS and Remote Sensing Application.
GRADUATE SCHOOL
BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY 2006
STATEMENT
The Application of GIS and Remote Sensing for Determining Sensitive Area
Based on Geological Hazard Perspectives
It is a well-known fact that a geological hazard disaster strikes countries, causes enormous destruction and human suffering, and has negative consequences for national economies. Due to different geo-climatic conditions prevailing in different parts of the globe, different types of geological hazard disasters strike according to the vulnerability of the area. The core and at the same time the advantage of this research is the possibilities of GIS and Remote Sensing technology that can help geoscientists, especially geologists, to capture, manipulate and analyze information about an object without physical contact as preliminary survey (reconnaissance), mainly for geomorphic survey of areas inaccessible to field base surveys.
A sensitive area in the study area occupied by volcanic and sedimentary breccias, conglomerate, sandstone, limestone, shale and alluvium, with a controlled slope greater than 15%. The determination regarding the unstable zone in terms of the "sensitive zone" in the study area is extremely supported by the principal component analysis in the determination of iron oxide and clay hydroxyl (change zone) combined with geomorphological interpretation (geological structure and drainage pattern), slope feature weights and rocks.
THE APPLICATION OF GIS AND REMOTE SENSING FOR DETERMINING SENSITIVE AREA
BASED ON GEOLOGICAL HAZARD PERSPECTIVES
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY August 2006
CURRICULUM VITAE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF APPENDICES
INTRODUCTION
- Background
- Scope of The Research
- Objectives
- Benefit of Research
- Thesis Structure
As part of this research, GIS and remote sensing technology will be used to determine the area sensitive to geological hazards. While GIS is used for spatial analysis to determine the area sensitive to geological risk by overlaying the result of the geological interpretation with the geological map and other maps that are required in the analysis. The purpose of this research is how GIS and Remote Sensing technology can be used simultaneously to determine the geological risk sensitive area based on the geomorphological interpretation from satellite images, the distribution of rock and mineral characteristics and the degree of slope gradient.
The main objective of the study is to use GIS and Remote Sensing technology to determine sensitive areas based on geological hazard perspectives. Finally, the result of the research will be mapped in digital and paper forms that come with additional data showing further information, created with GIS software and deliberately published in a digital map titled Geological Hazard Sensitive Area Map.
LITERATURE REVIEW
- Geographic Information System (GIS)
- Remote Sensing and Interpretation
- Classification of Remotely Sensed Imagery
- Decision Support System
- Geological Hazards
- Geology of Research Area
However, it also allows you to keep some elements in the attribute database completely separate. In fact, identifying, understanding and appreciating the nature of landforms found in remotely sensed images is one of the great benefits of remote sensing science. Most of these volcanoes are the result of subduction of the Australian plate beneath the Eurasian plate.
Volcanoes in the Banda Sea are the result of subduction of the Pacific plate under the Eurasia plate. Another weakness is a lack of detail when mapping the weathered conditions of the rock types.
METHODOLOGY
- Time and Location
- Research Area
- Data Sources
- Required Tools
- Methodology
- Images Data Preparation, Classification and Analysis
- Vector Data Preparation, Classification and Analysis
- Geomorphological Interpretation
- Geological Hazard Sensitive Area Map
The first step towards this research is the preparation of Landsat 7ETM+ (path/row using ER Mapper 6.4 software to obtain the settlement area, especially after correcting the spatial distortion in an image (geometric correction) and removing noise and variations in the image intensity due to the radiation pattern of the antenna. ground scattering elements in front of it. After all the images are corrected, the next procedure is to classify images by unsupervised classification to obtain the classified images. Moreover, from the classified images surveys were conducted to obtain settlements and open land areas with a size greater than 10 hectares.
Finally, the desired settlement area obtained after performing an overlay (combined) base analysis on the image using ArcGIS software. Meanwhile, with the help of track/line 122/65 Landsat 7ETM+, year 2001, it can create other processes to extract the mineralization zone by extracting the iron oxide and clay mineral in the image by performing PCA (Principal Component Analysis), filtering and converting to ER. Mapper software. Then the DEM obtained by contour generation in ArcGIS, where the slope stability risk area is obtained by weighting the slope generation based on the characteristics of the slope categories for land development (Table 3.1.).
Also suitable for limited light industry, detached houses, high-rise apartments, institutional complexes and intensive recreational facilities. Lithological/rock weighting obtained based on the nature of physical characteristics of the rock in West Java. Geomorphology is the branch of geology that examines the formation and structure of the features of the Earth's surface or the surface of another planet.
In this research, the geomorphic interpretation and description performed in relation to the fault model (Figure 3.6.) and drainage (Figure 3.7.) based on Landsat 7ETM+ (band 457 for the structure lines and band 542 for the drainage model) supported with the model digital elevation from SRTM images. While in performing drainage pattern interpretation conducted using Landsat 7 ETM ban 542 based on drainage pattern types from Thornbury (1969). The Geological Hazard Sensitive Area Map will be produced from the intersections between the Soil Stability Hazard Area, Rock Type Hazard Area and Slope Stability Hazard Area maps called the Hazard Area Map.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- Settlement Area
- Land Stability Risk Zone
- Slope Stability Risk Zone
- Rock Type Risk Zone
- Geomorphological Interpretation
- Geological Hazard Sensitive Area
Iron oxide and clay hydroxyl data are useful to interpret and predict the stability zone. Mineral content band ratio used to define areas that have metal (especially iron) oxide content though clay-hydroxyl minerals. The area with high iron oxide content is shown in reddish color, while the highest content is shown in red color.
In addition, the areas with high clay hydroxyl content are indicated by blue color. Possibility of elongated spreading pattern caused by weathered iron oxide or clay hydroxyl on the structural zone in the fault zone. This possibility of iron oxide is the result of weathered igneous rocks containing iron elements in the form of pyrite (FeS2), chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and hematite (Fe2O3) minerals.
Although these igneous rocks weathered or oxidized, its properties still more stable than weathered rocks contain clay hydroxyl minerals such as montmorillonite (Mg2Al10Si24O5 (OH12) + Na,Ca), kaolinite. Furthermore, the areas with yellow and cyan colors are caused by weathered rocks, which contain equal percentages of iron oxide and clay hydroxyl, but the properties that are not inherently more stable than rocks contain iron oxide and are more stable than rocks that contain clay - hydroxyl. Based on statistical calculation of 150 lineaments in Figure 4.5. common direction is obtained for lineaments which are N 10o - 20o E (Figure 4.6.).
Moreover, based on the interpretation from Figure 4.7, there are generally three drainage patterns that determine the landform, i.e. while most of the clay hydroxyl that was in the study area (Figure 4.2. Page: 42) indicated those areas which are rich in minerals produced by tectonic activity. Finally, after sensitive areas and high-risk settlements are overlaid on the administrative map (Figure 4.10), the distribution of high-risk settlements in different places in West Java and Banten province can be clearly seen (Table 4.4).
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
- CONCLUSIONS
- RECOMMENDATIONS
Due to the limitation of time and other resources, the research was only focused on determining the geological hazard sensitive area based on satellite images and secondary data. Therefore, more detailed study in geomorphology and field research in structural geology will be given more prefect analysis due to the decision support system. Integration with other such geophysical data and seismic data will produce a more interactive dynamic map, including the development of an information system for the purpose of geohazard mitigation decision-making.
Proceedings: The 8th Field Wise Seminar on Geological Engineering Field and The 3rd International Symposium & Exhibition on Earth Resources and Geological Engineering Education., Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
APPENDICES
The content of the thesis has been reviewed by the advisory committee and examiner. Cartographic display system makes it possible to take selected elements of the database and produce map output on the screen or a hard copy device such as a printer or plotter. Software systems that are only able to access and display elements of the database are often referred to as Viewers or Electronic Atlases.
In addition to a very powerful set of possibilities for the ability to digitize spatial data and attach attributes to the stored features, to analyze this data based on these attributes and to map the result, one of the most important in GIS Geographical analysis system. Thus, the analytical capabilities of the geographic analysis system and DBMS play a decisive role in expanding the database through the addition of knowledge about relationships between functions. While decision support is one of the most important functions of a GIS, tools designed specifically for this are relatively few in most GIS software.
Used in conjunction with other system components, these modules provide a powerful tool for resource allocation decision makers. Most of Indonesia's volcanoes are part of the Sunda arc, a 3,000 km long line of volcanoes that stretches from northern Sumatra to the Banda Sea. Referring to the scope of research in the previous chapter, geological hazards are disasters created by the effect of natural phenomena directly or indirectly related to geological processes including man.
According to Montgomery (1991), an early sign of potential volcanic activity includes bulging and warming of the ground surface and increased seismic activity. The Earth's outermost solid layer is the 50 to 100 kilometer thick lithosphere, which is divided into a series of rigid plates. The depth of weathering can be of considerable importance in estimating the response of the ground to strong earthquake movements.
Once the hazard control parameters are known, they can be combined into a mathematical form and programmed once and for all. Due to the limited spatial resolution in Landsat images, 1 pixel represents an area of about 30 m2, it is quite difficult to distinguish between a settlement area and open land. Slope distribution weighting (Table 4.2.) obtained based on characteristics of land development slope categories (Table 3.1. Page: 34) used to create a slope map from DEM in ArcGIS.
The pattern forms one of the four fault pattern systems in West Java and it is controlled by strike-slip-left fault which was influenced by relatively Northwest-Southeast force in the Tertiary period.
