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by 111 111

Submission date: 26-Jun-2019

1

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Research

Jorrnal of

and

Medical

Sciences

lsSN ((hline) _{25t l --1277}

Antibacterial Activities of ^Kemangi Leaf Extract (Ocimumbasilicumlinn) Inhibit Salmonella typhi

Bacteria Invitro

Handry Darussalam', Meity Albertina2, Ni Nyoman Murrir, hatrwi Rarih H.Sr,

,,.",**u,r**,."]I"YjIj.t,t*Iily.* j*,,-p,r,.,.76,2 j

:t.c{urers. pohclits

Kc.-r."". x"r,i,nra"

i

,rr,. iii tirp.,

",

^rzs

'l.ccrurers. p.rlrcklc, KcmoLc". Katimanun

iimrr. n"iitir"p"r r0:S

rt_e.urcr

Assrsra,xr. pohcltcs _Kcmcnlcs.

Katirn"i* ii.r.. ir.riq"p,.

;orU s Jl-.cru.cr

Aslirr,nc.. t,otrcttr." rcm"otc".

iiii,n"i* ii.*. ilrtr.p,1r..

zur:s

-lldt"r-

h$uu'l

|av

^B

^.t'd

ir.Polrnt

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Nio

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th.'-tn.

mkon.. ol Sn1* e:iua*'e a

odu*,,

*",

t"_n i _,.n;;";;;;;

a,,,ttku,$turt@t'ratah.tc$..,n.h.nnerurh,natii*t-,t,ri,i,',,to.it*)j,;, jn4"*,,,, *,.*^

to

t*n t

rtyd,^1^

ot f < Exknt dttu.tedtac st.:.nd.h@ _haa tha t,XS,

*,shr.rh

_{On;^_;}

**.*_*_,.,t :5., S*".

r5,, _,a

m.i *i,i..i t|,t\u&-

.h,tit$ctaial 6aet k.{.$nKt ().tNuo,ta.jtic nt6n. SatN,E d

^?hi

I

lNTRott(-r()N

tl|.lrphd.l ftrcr rr

rrrll

r

-str$ot hcotrh prrhtern frx

I

^{fr:oy'c. csec+rdlr}

rn rtcrdrgng c ntri6.

I tE

I-

largc numbcr of dcfihrt. cslci in l\photJ

f6!,

^irr

th! [odd

rs

{rll

r€rr. di,Iicuh ro dctcrminc blx:luic lhrs .fiscosc is

t!r,$r

ro haic pn blcmj $ith l.cn.cr(rc{Isirc _ctiD,cst rcscarch ll l.

l)atr liorn rhc Wo.ld ll.alrh

()r8rnr,,.hm (Wll()) cslrmater

thll .roord

17 mtllo.r

cli:l of

N?tktrd ltYLy llrrrldstdc

hrw

an mcdcoc. of 600.000 J.-.dE

c\c^ \..r

|".rtimstcd rnr.. .:rlca

of

l5t) ca$!r pcr tfl).(Ixr

F'4

^lorrrm I'er vcar in liqrth Anrsrca and 9U,

!I$r pr

100.0,m populrrim

pcr \c,r rn A$a l2l

Barcd on thc lndrxresian lloalrh profilc in 20!

l. qhoid ttd

pentr?iord fctcr io ln&xcrl! irr.lf

1r

bej.{ (n thc 3rd ranl oul o[ lhc

l0

most drse!3ft ,n hosp|t lizcd poticnrs rn 2010. shich r\,c]rc 5J,l)9E cas€s $ith a csrc rutc (C&{c l.atstih

l'lrrc

C,:R ) of2.06..131

ln Dr

.{,oelotl,o (ieneral

tlo+ital Suhhrla

scnsililE Sslrrroflclle hf,hr rsolatcs ncrr or|l\. 116.. ard

6t{..

^ucrt

rcsi{.!nr. rhc srmc rhirg hrpp.od k, Salmorcllah?hi ,sohG$

El Dt. l{St,

^Soilirl

An$lrr

MalenS contlins 21

1..

of licncititi!' ard Jl

8..

of Sslmonellat\phi ri(,lalcs

crnitll

o{r ssrsrlir'rly _l€sIs h!\c incr.ticd rc*i:.ldc. l5l. ^l.rom

odccllar lclll

.sEcrsoclt confinucd

s

Sillnoac|h

rFhi b*l.n!

tccominS rc$itant rr) Chloramphnicol shrch can bc usd r0

prqluc!

Chkrranph.orcol Acetlhran$fcrusc (CAl

)

^rrh,ch .crirrlc! Chlor.m pll€n icol _{l.t l.}

l-o o\€.coric Salmnncllo rtphr

${rch is

rEsrrt.nt to chloramptrnicol and ottcr ettrbro(ics. (,lc ohcmat \,c lhrl can

hc uscd is to

uilirr

actt\,c srhsunces c{xtt

in.{

rn b&leria contsin€d

in

nrerlicioal plonrs. Ooc of lhc medici[al planls

cootainrnt scu\c $b{rnc!.s is ba$l bactcno.

ftc

daDr ol.

haril (Ociorhr

br$licrm

L

) is

wi&11.

u*rt ia io*inc

hcit.lcs h€'Dp c{lcn os frc$h rcFhbtcs in a rus srarc l,tanl bailcrnteios cugcaol. alt loidc. rtcruid$. lrnrlDs. [$onords.

a,rtl phcnoli Lut€ool is Oc

lrryc{

s'urce ot

c{qhd

orlr o[

bilrl

lcercs

$trch llso

c.nt&n sntrb.ctenst qSslanccs.

Iugcool is uyd in rhc ptt.rm.ccuricat

ficll

ar an inlrrr.licnr for mal$ng anrbacrcnal comF unds l5l. I6l

Ortrall.

ttc blsil pllrt

hss bcco uscd ar

!

Iradilioal mqltcinc

in

thd coatmurrN nhich is protgsed

rmplr

to hardlc

rlri

c \urt3 of hcalrh p,roblcms io lumanr rociui,ngr

lo

116r |raosc{.

ltter,

shorttcss

of

brrarh. *omrch pcrn.

llatulcncc and

dilrrlEr. is ,

clinical sl ltptom

of Nik)id

tcvcrl6l

ll

Mtnr)D

-l hc

!F

^of rEse.rch uscd in thrs

*!dt

rs thc cxperimcrt l mclhql- l hir rtrdy $ar con(fuctcd st lhsphr|'e.-*r: Acadcmv Ssm.nnda rod Kanu;rx<r

fiariuibort Hufilrl. iu,kp.pll ([ l.l

M.rch - 26 Apol 2016.

lh _Frpul.lie

m

tt,.

sruAr

nl.!

plml5.

lq

l.cmpdie Sub-I)l*nct

ol

Nrrtf, Samanndi Subdislnct. ^-l alirag

ttis

samplc

uin8

c.itcria for Ian&m iampling irirh critcna I'he inclucim

of

grrr:n hasil lcaler ((hrmun basllicun l.).

crll

fru$h. ror srtiercd.,r rlarnagc.t Samplcs of banil y'aor arc tatctr as aruch as lotn gr 'l trc duu c.llccbd

co'ilrl of prioa4.drre.

Wirh

Uarrl'fdc &rr

lll

Rr:sur Ts

Thc rlE1]emcnt rcsrlt!

of iohibikrr z.rc

diaecrcrj obtsincd fmm rltib&tensl .clrr'ih. of hasll

lcsfdtnct

,grrnrt

S t1}6i $rrc

pru:..scd

untr!.i.t€lt !o

dcermio; lhc frequrncv &shbutrur of rnhibirrn zofle of basrl

laf

^cxr]ocl

6l

lldr^_ l'.dsl6. M€t.\.Alb.rlm!.N, N\i,t!B Mutu. ltot,$r Rcrrh lt s. od lwlrr }l, pN.o. -Arrtbs&rill Ad,r,uo ot.ti.hslr r..rr rlxrrl$ ((rqr'llmtestlcrmlmnt tnhahit sd|lr.ndt rrdr B.crcrn

tnrrrro.-ktrut pr,* Jant ,,pbr,y d A*&i

8d.8,

/,C,/PlrS/. Votum! 2. I$r,e 2. pp 6-t-6J. 2{I9

I lntemdional

Research

Journal of ^phamraq.

and

Medical

Scierrces

lSsN ((hlm(t 25H-:r:77

l' ltl.li I l,rMcr6 llttcol-ob{alc _(n6rlr /Jft A6't I af }rrd &r..r rb

of s lrir.

h.cleri.

ri

a ceceotr.lioo of 50.r. &) th.t n h..l c(xllumirc lhc:rc lgsl-cs can rc&ror tofecloo ducl()S _hphi bacrcna 1,hri

is in

acordeocc rrrth Gupt

,r

strtcmcnt (2005) thrr b&sl l.arcs

c

h€ uscd to rcal drgc$urc drJr{dcrs,

t...t

drsrrhca and

rcrt

inrc{inrl inflammarrm. arxl \arii)ur $mptoms that

hare bean

mcnttqrcd

rrc

chsracl.rislic 'chlr&tenstic ltlmptoms _'l rrising fmm bsclcnll infirtr(xrs S _{$.plu [51.}

lE rc$tts of rhrs

sldr \trc

lcrlr oprim:rl rtun

itr"*

"f

llrcroFncd

{Ibiodcs

bccrusc brsil IcaJ csracr

i!

$is 3ndr

srs

crudc

csrrr

s.hode anlthdlrcnll unnFrrnd snlubrlrrt urs not maximd so tlut Gc r.srtting ortihxlcrisl &cI\iN \as not mavmal. nhcacss mubrxics

$rft stcg

.rtibsctcrial

sPcctn

m

3(r

rhrt

Ihc antrbsclenrl

[clrril\

n..3 _Foduccd

m&\io!lh. b\.0x,lcrt

rEscarchcr !o lunll.r

Frifr'drc

^bnsit lcaf ertract to rnqusc

rlr

lhhlbrto^. Ixrtlnrul

ot

tllc lc]t b*rcrir.

Net ti\c control of crhs.ol and I)MS() ditumts did nol slxr\ arl.. inhibiri<n nrrcs. I his indicrres ihlt tlE solrcnts nnd dilocnls _{uscd br-} rBe.aEherr lute rxr cflect m thc atibacterial lclrl. Mcropcnetn aruhrcUcr n.cIc cllolcn rs

polulc

^q)otrols

b€{se

thq harc a ls.Ec inhibikr}- fx}$rr.rn ^{0tclic bactcrr!.}

lhc

mechaarsrn

of

thc oclivrh.

of

lhc cotant

of

basil lcrtes i! aoi

loo$r

nith

crflllnh.

Thc rbthn.ofbssil lcarca

1., uhrbrl thc FEEbtlh ^duc tr rt.r chcmrc{t

c.tttcrl

lloicd on

Mardirl'

⁽²⁰⁰⁷⁾ srslc

rcnr $rt brsil

contlins .dir.c irsfEdistls

trnEtrol.

urrxrlic rcid. ond cseflli.l

.ilr

^(cmcol.

cuFnol. li'lslod. ,rc]ol. $r.ftol)

(Ihc.

compoonds includc as@rbic scid. k lEtEne. blEcr.otinc. tahnin. lerip!.rqxr- xllole. .ldchr&. alkal<idc. .nd faul acids och rs iiooleic.

linol.'Drc. olc'c. palmitc. and steanc ecid Krngi

d$

coolrint 8l$osid€s. mmirals. pcnkBr. phcnol.

nd

$sponins nttch .rc

rib*rcnd io raElE l7l

Onc of dr: bCcterta fiat crn bc inhib,td hI b.!.it

ttryB

is

S nphi ar tllc crrsc of nphdd fctcr and lhrr $a! srtcd

bt

Mu{trl, (2014)

thlt rcsrch rn

cthm.{. mcrrEn(,| hcran chloroform. satcr. propqaol ard ic(xoil atcohol brsil lcarcs Eai 'Ihis strted

blnl

lo

h.rr

t af acririN cxlract ts obrrarcd antibaclerial lo

fmn

S hphr thc _16l

m*cr[li(,|

ynoccs. oc<erdmg t,r liudjod' (t9tt6) thc rhrcdr.tr(m

pr(es

is usad so that thc cotrNpoundr lhrt clanot

trod

hcat arc nol drmoSd. thc choicc

of

solrcot rs harcrl

qr

lhc nsturc of ,rolantv

$

lhat thc comF,und$ qrot tDcd clrn be cslra.red uplisulh. 7(P. cnanol s,ltct|t hrt polar proprrics. ard 70or eOunol toxicirr rs loscr *lrcn qtmporEd

*rth

.cctmc lnd nclhrool $hich ar. bod polar tolr'c$lc _18l.

As strlc, bv

Mrrdiur

(2fir7) fhc antib.ct€rial .crirrh

of b!.il

lea\es is doc to

tlE

pleiqrcr

o[

sub{Dcc! that 6rr c{leEIrr! io tilling S. t\phr bacEnr.

lir

^c$mplc.

t,E.seitrel rxls (cinc{|..'lgaol. lin.l(xrl.

ncml.

dMol).

Irmrns.

altaldds. pharol:. fl.vqr.rid! md rr.Fnrns thar

h.rc

hc.o

brrso Io here &rrb..bnrl

^popcrucr.

or rlm

tlrcsc

Enlrbetfirl

pmFnaca ,rE

drlliosl

l_rom $bst6css thrl ,re c.u8hl du. lo this

mcntion

pr(rxr*. bccaUsc phcrcls also

h.rl

arlib*tcri!, FoFilica l7l

V

^{OTINR R T:C(} IMMTNI)ATX,NS

lor othcr rergrchcnr thcn al is ctpcctql lo fuflhcr c\llmilrc lh€ rninimum iDhibrt'rf. ct)nccotrlraor (MlC) sDd mrximel liill

l0 lo

u

lo

-r---1

lo

:

I 2

I

I

u

Vd lr

'l-hc di$hhurrm

of r.riblclcnsl

acrr$in

of

h6at

tc.f

extrrct in inhibitint S. t\phi hoclena is e crnccntrahon of25..

$ili !

inhibirio ?rrc of 6..1 mm.

i0..

r\irh r iniibiri<n zrxrc of

9I

nm.

75..

rrrrh a rnhrbiti(n zrnc

of l{

5 rnm- tO(). o

ni|lr 6 inhibikrr

t E ot t9 ..t

mtrl.

.lxj

trc!.xrrizJ ^boNt

lcr\ls trith s l0 mn

inhibitioo

noe. llrril lcrf clir*t

(()cimun hrtllicum ljnn) lu3 arltbrctc.ill

.ctirin.tgrirlr

tha

8(r\1h ol S ttphi flrrtinp fmm conoqtlrEttms ot

l(i.a

75..

end

50... o! scll os rlE juicr of

bosil lcnr,l'r. t.lrc

c(nclirtrrtion

of

lfi,oo is an €lTc.tirr cficcnt ati(m r\hch

lurl

^{rhq oprimum /rnc} ofinhibirifi

of$c

_{Eo*th ofS. F-phi}

r/

^{(r|r!.s hut} rhrs ltxr.. c{rsct rs lcss oprrmrl

rtxn

urmparurt

\rltr

_Fr$urE c(xttrol of rrropcoem

rtich

is cgrrl t(, ]-l

llm

'Ibc

cficlr|t

.trcn o1 25.. c5, hr s.id to tE l€*r |rhthttrnr lhc baclcna S

tl}hi

lV

Dtxjt,sst()x

this ralrhoctrrisl

*tiyrtv

t.sl oics hlsil lcrf

cxrrrt

$rth rffiour dilulaon coocdtt6ti6s. nrrtlcl-r 2jo.. ^j(F ..

7j...

&rd

l{Xr. lh.

ntcr,xn

of

d}rrrhinS

tfi)..

conccnlr.ti

i

^rr!$

(6t _incd fr(tltt -l

frlGt

of ntighcd ha*il leaf cxl.r.l

nd fic{

nix.d

\

i&

:10 ml DMSO dilucnl.

.

c(nc.ilrstr(,l of 75.o

fftm

2 25 ml

ol l0F.

e\lract plur l.?5 ml

ot

DMS().

r

crne.cntnrirn of 50.r ftoor 1.5

nl

ofexr..ct l(x) q. ddcd

t.j

ml of l)MSo.

!

cl(xrcctrrnlioll of 25.. of 0.75

nl if lflF.

clitr.cl plus 2.25 ml

of

DMSO lhca cohparira bssil tcsf c-:(lr.ct using po;iti\r rEropcncm conu()l ,nd baril lc.fruicc.

'l'ha _mcan of 5 rcpcridon$ of

inhibiifi

,noc dirmclcr r$suhr fmm 0rc antibactcnal

olritir!

of bs$l lcrf exhct

rtrul.t

S

rlpti.

'l'hc rEe ls of thc rrlibrclerisl .ctivit! of bo$ll

l..f

cllr.Gl

in

lhis studv

i[dic.t th.l

basil

lcrf qrir*r ({r

mbtbit tbc EloNh of S nph brc&n&

s.rtint

froEl hoil lc.f

L{r!;l

ord

dl

c(xlc.otr.ti(rrr _cxcept 25.. cmcrntrati{ir b.!sus: it ilt r.id ro tE

rrrt

irclTcEtlre rn rnhtbrting

lh.

gm$rh

of S

_{$ phi}

brctc.fi6 fb.

cotrccrltt:rrron

ot l0().. rs ert

cffccrr.c c(nortrdn _{o lhal} pn ya&$ lhe oprimum inhibitrm z$nc

frr fic

gro$,ti of S. lvphiata colqlies bur

rli.

tu).o

e$rsr

a!

lc*r

optrmd

$ll!'n

comP.rud

nilh

_F)slti\'e

(dttrr)l

o[

mcroFlcm $trch rs equrl k) 3.1 mm

'[hc rft)uDt

of rtriirrcs rt r

coo€nlretion

of

50.. i$

llmosl thc some as th. Juitt ^{of basrl}

l€

^.cs. mc$ing thst lhc .ruicc of h&ril lcr\cs ha$ thc abrtiN lo inhibit th. r.mc S r!,phr

6.1

lld-d^

L\.u'{l4

Man Al}.tlt.o. N, N\\'oo Mu.t'.

lt

r'$r R!r't ll s. od

I ^r+.f-

^Lr

^p.s.!. - rttb.s.rd

A.nrrrG otK.moE, l-..f

ljxtsr

(()oo!um$a'r*Umtion) Inh

'ir s.t'xnctL

nlt, B.!rc

tnr

m:'uria n-ra n a qk*r ad ,&d,li gclffit

_iRJPllSt. Vonlmc 2. I$rlG 2. !p 63-(,5.20t9

di^rr

rn the t ble bclo\r.

Research

Joumal of Pharmao.

and

Medical

Sciences

lssN ((hl,n.t

2jlil-:t:T

rsrc

(KIrM) to lnoll

^thc

r.{rhr of antib-kri.l

acrir'iIl ctrufulh ind sccuralch. thcfl phlrochodtrcd rcs:rrch

nqtr

r(' hc dmc Shntitstirch oo basil lcrf

.xrrcr

ard irolrtio[ sod dcolrlistton ol acti\E c-mfxrunds

$

th.r i:jn bc trll)lrn morc ryr*ificallt ^nhich c.ompr.runds or obstanr:cs

phl

a rulc ro thc

tllbrctcfral i.:lrvil! ol'lhc b.ril lelr.cs.

lir

rclstcd hcallh instituli(n$.

it

is €\pcct d lo bc shlc lo rE.c$min€ lhc *crshivi\.

of

haclnie

h

cach

,ntihrt€rirl

$bitaoe lnd

cxaoinc thc lcr.cl or thc rigbt dolc of b.3il learer io trcat drsrses

t:uul

^b\ S rrphr h&rcna

l'or lhc communitt.

it

is expectcd to bc ablc

tr

cuhirstc badl lcercr as ooc of lhc femilr. ocdicinrl

plrt6

^{('l (rcA)}

uccd

t.

lh. plu\'.ntt,| (rf llphoid fcr€r

caud bi

tbc b&tcna

s t]?h

Vl

C(r{(-u,s()N

Thc cmc.rtrlrtot!

ofbr.il

lc.f e\t rct (Oclmufi brsilicum

ljnn) \rtth

is efecrire

in

proriding rbc

oplird

inhrbirr(rl ,rne f(lr S t-\Ihi col(],li€s grorr} _is l00er conccntr.tton. l,ci,t good cdtparrd to pos,nrc mcropqten c(ntrol3.

l}'lll

lcal'e:0Isct h.rs a[ribrcterirl acuvttl

.lrtnst

^1hc

fn slh of S irhi

^bscleria-

$ith

rhe

distnbutio

of .nlibrct|,riBl sctiril}.-.

brsil leaf e:rtr.ct utich is

a c{rnceotrrlion

of25..

$ilh a inhihiton zo|lc of 6.4 mnr. S(Fo

rlllh

!

^9.8 mm inhibiti(,n zone. 75o. $iU inhibiton, z_trr.. l.l-

i

^mm.

|fi,.. \rd!

a rnhrhhm

are

oI 19

{

mm. anrt yurcc ol' bo$l lcrlcs iiilh s l0 mm inhibitifi zorlc.

lLEltRt:l.lc tls

S4srrr. N . JDrdr A R, & tntir M.2ot:. CLsEnri.r ({

!.'pet.d ryro.d t6s trr9.dr.! prr6u.r t rJb!&!d^rt H{t-r l h+d !

'lE tuij of 20 l o. S} rr.'I\,|cd!lr. t. r . I I

wll _l2u)lr Jt. drltM( trsl[or d FrqlRr ^{.J hplqJ} li\q (i6d. l}lrrelr ^ot Vsfr dd lrot8Edr

M'!ri^ ol lLJlt dt rh. R*atF d tn.rre ttol2r ldln<[

lL.lfi h,f . 2ol L&n . Mi.rrn of lt ttt .,f L. R.l.lHE ot

htu€, D6.rkr&l

llp .r- dqtalo&l r ,B Airtid FlrLr. poiLtet.-- -.lo6. F.{il-l.d.t--Eda.r.-20t ^{I pdtor} fitE} :o. ,oto S.4rll t hiri A (!rnl sq.i$lr 6a S.tnlrdh nT[! kr

ciknlad-d -d ^C.n Bo. h R.st,D t). n!a- SnrD;. -d .l ^{Rsl rD} Il Ssd Ar*- Md-r E ttln-2irc. Mtlt EFri[ol d Mididolr. lElN of l,Ldtn< th[wn a rtriftrdNri

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