The Use of Code-Switching In Learning Language of English Education Department
Sundari Fitri, Nuraini Agustina, Jihan Aldi Fathani Emeliya Sukma Dara
Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara
@[email protected] Abstract:
In daily life, we often observe the phenomenon where a person switches smoothly between two or more languages in their conversation. Code switching occurs when a speaker consciously or unknowingly uses words, phrases, or language from more than one language system or dialect.
The purpose of this research is to know the using of code-switching in learning language. In this study the methodology used is a qualitative method. The results of this study indicate that many students in the English education department actually use local languages and some even use foreign languages, especially in daily conversation, but from the results it turns out that the use of code-switching itself affects memory in learning the language in English.
Keywords: Code-switching, Learning language, Students Abstrak:
Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, kita sering mengamati fenomena di mana seseorang beralih dengan lancar antara dua bahasa atau lebih dalam percakapannya. Alih kode terjadi ketika seorang pembicara secara sadar atau tidak sadar menggunakan kata, frase, atau bahasa dari lebih dari satu sistem bahasa atau dialek. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penggunaan alih kode dalam pembelajaran bahasa. Dalam penelitian ini metodologi yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa banyak mahasiswa di jurusan pendidikan bahasa Inggris yang sebenarnya menggunakan bahasa daerah bahkan ada yang menggunakan bahasa asing terutama dalam percakapan sehari-hari, namun dari hasil ternyata penggunaan alih kode itu sendiri mempengaruhi daya ingat dalam belajar bahasa dalam bahasa Inggris.
Kata Kunci: Code- Switching, Belajar Bahasa, Siswa
INTRODUCTION
In daily life, we often observe the phenomenon where a person switches smoothly between two or more languages in their conversation. This is known as code switching, which is a common practice in multilingual communities around the world. Code switching refers to a change of language or dialect in a particular conversation or communication situation. This phenomenon has attracted the attention of language researchers and linguists for decades because of its complexity and impact on social identity, communication, and language patterns.
Code switching occurs when a speaker consciously or unknowingly uses words, phrases, or language from more than one language system or dialect. This can occur at various levels, from changes in single words to larger changes in language within a single sentence or discourse. For example, someone may start a conversation in English and gradually switch to their mother tongue as topics closer to everyday life are discussed. Code switching can also occur in different situations, such as in informal conversations between friends, formal conversations at work, or even in forms of mass media such as movies or songs.
The phenomenon of code switching involves many complex factors and is closely related to social, cultural and linguistic contexts. Social and cultural factors include ethnic identity, social status, group affiliation, and communicative norms within a particular community. For example, someone who grew up in a multilingual environment where their parents spoke two different languages may tend to code switching naturally as an accepted form of communication in their family.
In addition, linguistic factors also play an important role in code switching. The grammatical structure, vocabulary, and phonology of the language used have a strong influence on the probability of code switching. Sometimes, a person may feel that words or phrases in a certain language are more appropriate or expressive than those available in other languages, and therefore choose to use code switching to achieve more effective communication.
Code switching can also have various functions in conversation. Some common functions include expressing ethnic identity or group affiliation, showing intimacy or politeness, highlighting certain cultural aspects, avoiding vocabulary gaps, or manipulating power in communication. For example, someone who speaks the dominant language in their work environment might switch to their mother tongue to show closeness to co-workers who have a similar background.
The study of code switching has provided a deeper understanding of the complexities of language and social relations in multilingual societies. In addition, an understanding of code switching is also important in the educational context. Many education systems in multilingual countries face challenges in accommodating the multiple languages spoken by students.
Research on code switching has provided insight into its effects on language development and learning, and provided guidance for the development of more inclusive education policies.
In a broader view, code switching is a dynamic and complex phenomenon that is constantly changing along with social, cultural and linguistic changes. Developments in communication technology and globalization have also influenced the way code switching is performed.
Therefore, further research and deeper understanding of code switching will continue to be an important topic for language researchers and linguists in the future.
Through research on code switching, experts have identified several theories and approaches to explain this phenomenon. One commonly used approach is the sociolinguistic approach, which pays attention to the social and cultural context in understanding code switching. This approach sees code switching as a social act that can be used to build group identity or demonstrate social affiliation.
Apart from that, there is also a psycholinguistic approach that studies the mental processes involved in code switching. This approach sees code switching as the result of language processing in the speaker's mind, including the ability to control and choose between different language systems.
The phenomenon of code switching has also received attention in the context of language acquisition in children who grow up in multilingual families. These studies have shown that
children can easily adopt code switching as an effective communication strategy to interact with family members or peers who speak different languages.
However, although code switching has many benefits and is widely used in everyday communications, there are also some critical views on this practice. Some argue that code switching can threaten the integrity or continuity of certain languages. They argue that excessive use of code switching can lead to language shift and abandonment of native or traditional languages.
On the other hand, there are also views that advocate the use of code switching as a form of inclusion and respect for language diversity. This view emphasizes the importance of recognizing and valuing language diversity in a multilingual society, as well as providing support for maintaining native languages and promoting multilingual learning.
In the context of globalization and technological advances, code switching has also entered a new realm through social media and digital communication. The use of code switching in text messages, online chats, or social media can be a more efficient form of communication adaptation and a reflection of the dynamics of user culture and identity.
In conclusion, code switching is a complex and dynamic phenomenon in multilingual communication. It is influenced by social, cultural, and linguistic factors, and plays an important role in social identity, intergroup communication, and language development. The study of code switching has provided a deeper understanding of language interactions and social relations in multilingual societies. In an era of globalization and technology, code switching continues to adapt and evolve, influencing the way we communicate and understand the diversity of languages in modern society.
THEORITICAL REVIEW
Code switching has been the subject of extensive theoretical study in linguistics and sociolinguistics. Experts have developed various theories and approaches to understand this phenomenon and analyze the factors that influence it. The following are some relevant theoretical studies in understanding code switching.
1. Sociolinguistic Approach: The sociolinguistic approach views code switching as a social action that occurs in a particular social and cultural context. The code-switching theory by Gumperz (1982) is one of the main theories developed under this approach. This theory emphasizes that code switching occurs due to changes in communication situations or shifts in social affiliation, and it is used to build group identity or show solidarity with certain groups.
2. Psycholinguistic Approach: The psycholinguistic approach focuses on the mental processes involved in code switching. The theory of the bimodal approach by Myers-Scotton (1993) is one of the well-known approaches in this field. This approach emphasizes the role of language processing in the speaker's mind, including the ability to control and choose between different language systems. This theory considers code switching as the result of using two or more grammatical systems in one discourse.
3. Social Interaction Approach: This approach emphasizes the importance of social interaction context in code switching. Courtesy theory by Goffman (1967) and bound access theory by Bell (1984) are two theories related to this approach. Politeness theory explains that code switching can be used to maintain and maintain harmonious social relations by following politeness norms in communication. Bound access theory suggests that the use of certain languages or dialects in code switching can be used to impress or confirm membership in certain social groups.
4. Language Acquisition Approach: This approach focuses on language acquisition in children who grow up in a multilingual family. Studies in this field show that children can easily adopt code switching as an effective communication strategy to interact with family members or peers who speak different languages. This approach emphasizes the importance of social and linguistic factors in language acquisition and understands the role of code switching in this process.
5. Structural Approach: The structural approach in the study of code switching pays attention to the grammatical and phonological structures of the languages involved in code switching.
Structural convergence theory by Poplack (1980) is one of the relevant theories in this approach.
This theory argues that code switching occurs when speakers find structural similarities between two languages or dialects, thereby facilitating the switch between the two.
This theoretical study demonstrates the diversity of approaches to understanding code switching and provides insight into the complexity of the phenomenon. However, it is important to note
that these theories are often interrelated and can complement each other. The combination of these approaches can provide a more comprehensive understanding of code switching, considering the social, psychological, linguistic, and interactional aspects of the phenomenon.
METHODOLOGY
In this study the methodology used is a qualitative method. By using this research interview as a data collection, using several informants namely students the aim is to identify the use of code- switching in class. In this study, two stages were carried out, namely observation where researchers observed students, especially in the English education department, to find out more about how much they use code-switching in the campus environment and in class. Then the second is an interview where informants are interviewed to obtain data about the use of code- switching and the impact of code-switching itself. From the results of the interviews that have been conducted, the researcher draws conclusions from the interviews in order to obtain results and data from informants and how much code-switching is used in learning language.
RISULT AND DISCUSSION
The results of this study indicate that many students in the English education department actually use local languages and some even use foreign languages, especially in daily conversation, but from the results it turns out that the use of code-switching itself affects memory in learning the language in English. Language conversation. Informants also said that on average students majoring in English education were located in areas far from the city so they were more fluent in using regional languages such as Padang, Batak, etc.
Therefore when they meet friends from the same area they chose to use their mother tongue, the informant also explained that they still use Indonesian when their friends don’t understand.
When asked how often they use code-switching they said only in daily conversations and not for presentations or seminar activities. Several students said that some of them could speak Batak a little because they often listened to their friends. Code switching itself affects the level of students in learning the language.
Code switching is the relationship between language and identity in terms of getting closer to their race and avoiding the flow of globalization where many teenagers now often use slang from local languages. The use of code-switching turns out that many scholars have focused on social categories such as ethnicity. Rampton's (1995) work on crossing, a type of code-switching practiced by speakers across boundaries of ethnic, racial, or linguistic communities, "examines the language behavior of Asian, Afro-Caribbean, and Anglo adolescents in Ashmead, England.
Language varieties - Creole, Panjabi, and stylized Asian English - usually associated with ethnic groups, is used by non-members to complete complex functions, while Rampton found that there were, in fact, some language crossings where it was made fun of.
CONCLUSSION
This study has expose the use of other languages in communicating among Indonesian students in the context of language learning. Through qualitative interviews, this study found that regional languages are used for daily communication with friends and not in formal places or academic activities.
Code switching can also occur in different situations, such as in informal conversations between friends, formal conversations at work, or even in forms of mass media such as movies or songs.
Code switching can also have various functions in conversation.
Some common functions include expressing ethnic identity or group affiliation, showing intimacy or politeness, highlighting certain cultural aspects, avoiding vocabulary gaps, or manipulating power in communication. For example, someone who speaks the dominant language in their work environment might switch to their mother tongue to show closeness to co- workers who have a similar background. many students in the English education department actually use local languages and some even use foreign languages, especially in daily conversation, but from the results it turns out that the use of code-switching itself affects memory in learning the language in English. Language conversation
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