Professor and scientific program director FOM University of Applied Sciences Nuremberg Stadsparkcentrum, Zeltnerstr. Johan de Jager, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa Pawel Kawa, Cracow School of Banking and Management, Poland.
Special thanks to the International Reviewers who have cooperated to the review process
Un ringraziamento speciale a: Martina Broglietti, Paola Palanga, Alex Bizzarri, Sara Bartoloni, Laura Moscatelli, Luca Marinelli, Lucia Pizzichini, Silvia Borroni, Marco Pierantonelli, Federica De Santis, Daniele Scattolini.
Managing the “Intangibles”: Business and Entrepreneurship Perspectives in a Global Context
Nature and Scope of the Conference
Topics
XIII
Supporting Peer reviewed Journals for selected papers
INDEX
Entrepreneurial Capital in the Knowledge Economy
XVII
Valuation & Reporting of Intangibles
XVIII
Human Capital Management and Development
Leadership & Education
Innovation capital, spin off, start up and incubators
Relational capital & communication
XXII
Service marketing & Relatioship marketing
XXIII
Marketing of Intangibles
XXIV
Business strategy
Multi-channel Strategies: Digital Marketing, Customization, Social Media, E-Commerce
Tourism
Corporate Social Responsibility & Sustainability
XXVI
Intangibles and market analyses
Entrepreneurial Capital in the knowledge Economy
Contextual Success Factors for Social Entrepreneurship: Comparing Africa and India
Abstract
Introduction
The basic premise of this study is that the paths to successful social entrepreneurship in Africa and India are markedly different, given the stark differences in political, economic and socio-cultural environments in the two regions. In the South East Asian region, to which India belongs, the emphasis of social enterprises was "sustainable development".
Literature Survey
It is also true that effective political, economic and social institutions can provide opportunities for social entrepreneurship. To study the differences in social entrepreneurship in Africa and India, we used Internet-based data available on the Ashoka Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship website.
Findings
On the other hand, 32% of Indian friends were self-employed (business owners) before starting their social enterprises. Eighty-four percent of African friends and 82% of Indian friends depended on their own resources to initiate their social enterprises.
Discussion and Summary
African and Indian fellows differed markedly in terms of the main circumstances or factors that inspired them to social entrepreneurship. For both African and Indian fellows, financial support from the government and the charity increases as social ventures grow.
Study Limitations
On the other hand, as many as 32% of the Indian fellows had been self-employed/business owners before becoming social entrepreneurs. A very large majority (61%) of the African fellows had first-hand personal experience with the social problems they address in their social ventures.
12 References
Intangibles and Entrepreneurial Capital
- Introduction
- Literature Review
- Previous studies in the field of Entrepreneurship
- Intellectual capital and Entrepreneurial capital: links and relationships
- Research Design: from Entrepreneurial Orientation to Entrepreneurial Capital
- Research Methodology
- Operationalizing variables
- Survey data collection and targeted population of firms
- Targeted respondent/informant
- Public data collection
- First Results
On the one hand, as mentioned above, the concept of EC has been introduced in the context of studies on IC and KM. In particular, it seems that risk-taking is seen as a positive personal quality in the 78% of companies (value . = > 3).
24 5. Conclusions and a Research Agenda
25 References
Deconstructing the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance in the embryonic stage of firm growth. Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance: an assessment of past research and suggestions for the future.
Rich-to-poor Diaspora Ventures: How Do They Survive?
This paper develops the first conceptual understanding of the motivations and success/survival factors of "rich-poor diaspora entrepreneurship (DE)" by focusing on an individual's cultural intelligence and learning ability. Rich-to-poor DE deals with entrepreneurial activities carried out in developing or emerging countries by diasporas from developed countries.
Conceptual Background
Third, based on the theoretical background, we will develop research proposals regarding the motivation of rich-to-poor diaspora entrepreneurs and success factors related to their individual competencies. To develop a first understanding of the particular profile of rich-to-poor DE and the drivers of corporate survival of this type of new venture, we employ a theoretical lens.
Research Propositions
DE from rich to poor is positively influenced by individual-level personal relationships based on COR (strong ties: partner, close friends) that contribute to corporate survival. Through cultural learning processes, diasporans from rich to poor develop metacognitive CQ, which is positively related to corporate survival.
Discussions and Research Prospect
Qualitative methods are appropriate as the first empirical study, as rich-to-poor DE is a new and under-researched phenomenon. Do female rich-to-poor diaspora entrepreneurs have different motivations or competencies than male ones.
43 References
The impact of intrapreneurship in a modern enterprise
The extent of intrapreneurship is analyzed for the sample of the Slovenian companies focusing on how the employees, especially managers, perceived intrapreneurship as the source of the company's market competition and company efficiency success. We examine the extent to which intrapreneurship can influence the operating results of the company in competitive markets.
48 Theory of entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship
The surveys conducted focused on determining the implementation of intrapreneurship in the surveyed enterprises and how it accelerated internal business processes to influence better business results in competitive markets. Total employment in the surveyed companies was 30,124 workers, which means an average of 2,008 workers per surveyed company.
Analysis of intrapreneurship in the surveyed companies
The fifteen companies surveyed represent 4.6% of the total population of Slovenian companies with more than 250 employees (IPMMP, 2008). The goals of innovation in 35% of the surveyed companies are clearly defined, while 54% are only partially defined.
Intrapreneurship, market competition and company efficiency
The majority of surveyed companies (57%) believe that their internal business potential is only partially exploited. Therefore, a better internal corporate structure would contribute to better performance and market competitiveness of the surveyed companies.
Statistical analysis of causalities and hypotheses testing
Still, 23% of the companies surveyed believed that the impact of intrapreneurship on the company's competitive position was significant with an average rating of 3.9 (Likert scale 1-5). This confirms the set H2 on the presence of the knowledge of intrapreneurship and the introduction of intrapreneurship in the companies studied.
Managerial, policy and research implications
Dependence between the degree of implementation of internal business processes and knowledge of intrapreneurship, and the gross value added per employee in the companies studied in market competition. The degree of linear correlation between the average value of answers to a series of questions about the level of knowledge of intrapreneurship within the company and the gross value added per employee in the company was 0.44.
Conclusion
Empirical results from the study of forms of internal entrepreneurship in surveyed companies represent a useful information tool for research and practice on the level of identification, establishment and implementation of internal business processes. Although the empirical results do not allow for the generalization of the surveyed companies to the entire population of Slovenian companies, the results are to a greater extent relevant for large Slovenian companies.
56 References
Accelerating entrepreneurship via intensive learning programs
- Acceleration programs and business projects
- Learning within acceleration programs
- Methodology
- The case of study
- Conclusion
One of the most important figures for the transfer of knowledge, mostly abstract, is the teacher (Drucker, 1999) (often a university professor or a professional). The main limitations of the paper can be found in the impossibility of generalizing the results using the method used.
65 References
ENTREPRENEURS’ SOCIAL SKILLS AND ACCESS TO EXTERNAL RESOURCES
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL CAPITAL
- Theoretical development
- Effects of social capital
- Effects of social skills
- Method
- Sample and Procedures
- Common Method Variance
- Measures
- Results
- Assessment of reliability and construct validity (outer model assessment)
- Assessment of path coefficients and overview of inner model fit measures
- Discussion
Hypothesis 3b: The ability of the entrepreneur to win favor is positively related to his access to the relevant information. Hypothesis 4b: The entrepreneur's skill in personal emotional intelligence positively influences his access to the relevant information.
82 the low value of R2
Conclusions, limitations and implications for future researches The findings of the present research have several important implications
A second empirical limitation that can be addressed in the future is related to the investigation period in which the data were taken. Therefore, it is recommended that several lines of research investigate the process by which skill in social interaction will increase the social capital of the entrepreneur and facilitate his access to essential resources in other fields, such as Agriculture, Industry and Biotechnology.
84 REFERENCES
85 Venturing, 16: 165–180
Emotional Intelligence: Why It May Be More Important Than IQ for Character, Health, and Lifelong Achievement. Structural equation modeling in information systems – Research using partial least squares, Journal of Information Technology Theory and Practice, Issue 2.
Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Activity: Theory & Evidence from Asia
According to McClelland (1961) and Say (1963), an entrepreneur is one who combines factors of production, ensuring continuity of management and taking risks. Schumpeter (1950) assumed that the entrepreneur is an agent who provides economic leadership that changes the initial conditions of the economy and causes this discontinuous dynamic change.
Entrepreneurial Attitude
Successful entrepreneurs provide employment opportunities for others, generate innovation, spur economic growth, and contribute to state and local governments in the form of tax revenue. In the current scenario, we have a wide spectrum of different countries in terms of the economic structure and cultural factors.
Proactive Personality
Crant (1995) demonstrated that proactive personality accounted for incremental variance in real estate agents' job performance after controlling for both extraversion and conscientiousness. The proactive personality scale measures a personal disposition toward proactive behavior, an idea that intuitively appears to be related to entrepreneurship (Crant, 1996).
Framing the Entrepreneurial Context
Proactive personality appears more specifically tailored to predict motivation in learning contexts than the more general Big Five factors and facets (Major, Turner & Fletcher 2006). Proactive personality appears to have the potential to provide further insights into the personality trait–entrepreneurship relationship (Crant, 1996).
Three pillars of Entrepreneurship
The liberalization that began in 1991 and the information technology boom in the second half of the 1990s have been major factors that have led to a wave of entrepreneurship sweeping the Indian subcontinent. The liberalization of the economy in the 1990s has paved the way for a large number of people to become entrepreneurs.
Research Objectives
Briefly, it is worth noting that although the concept of entrepreneurial skills is widely used by government agencies and others in their pursuit of economic development and business success, the core concept is entrepreneurial skills, its measurement and its relationship to entrepreneurial performance and business success. need for further rigorous research and development in practice (Mitchelmore, Siwan and Rowley, Jennifer, 2010).
Analysis
I'm constantly looking for new ways to improve my life," and the letter B corresponds to "I feel driven to make a difference in my community and maybe the world," etc. An independent samples t-test was conducted to test whether there was a significant difference in the entrepreneurial attitude items between Indian MBA students and Japanese students. Table 3 describes the independent samples t-test information to determine if there is a significant difference between the two groups in their entrepreneurial attitude.
The test revealed significant difference in variances but mean is not significantly different in the following items
The table 1 shows the mean score or mean of items A as 5.32 for Indian students and 6.27 for Japanese students. The table 1 shows the mean score or average of items B as 4.62 for Indian students and 5.58 for Japanese students.
101 References
TenHaken, Robery Frey, (2009), Entrepreneurial attitudes of MBA students in the United States towards the CIS: the case of Armenia, International Business & Economics Research Journal - February 2009 Volume 8, number 2 pp 67. Paper presented to the National Workshop on Management Research Development held under the auspices of Association of Indian Management Schools, Indira Gandhi Institute for Development Research.
Entrepreneur as an Intangible Asset
Two, to discuss what we know about measuring other intangible assets at the macro as well as corporate level. Two, to discuss what we know about the measurement of intangible assets at the macro as well as firm level, which is the subject of Section II, followed by concluding remarks in Section III.
Entrepreneur and Entrepreneurship: Schumpeter and Beyond
Significant progress has been made in measuring other intangible capital such as R&D. For example, the rather steep decline in access observed by Hathaway and Litan (2014) is not reflected in the productivity data, at least not yet.
Estimates of Intangible Capital for the U.S Economy
Corrado-Hulten-Sichele (hereafter CHS) estimates of intangible capital are more likely than not underestimated. The authors call this missing capital, estimated at 50 percent of the measured market value of capital, which does not appear anywhere in conventional intangible capital accounting.
The Case of “Missing” Intangible Capital at Microsoft
He suggests that the current Q-ratio is a good predictor of future productivity and thus of "entrepreneurial fever" and innovation. Note that the observed positive relationship between the Q ratio and measured labor productivity may be due to the rapid growth of intangible capital over the same period experienced by 12 countries in the sample.
112 Concluding Remarks
113 References
Innovative entrepreneurs: who are they?
In this study, the role of the environment is not forgotten, but we focus on the association between entrepreneurial creativity and personality to find out the innovative entrepreneurs. However, despite the predominant importance of entrepreneurship in economics, entrepreneurs as personalities have received relatively little attention.
Personality and personality types
However, it can be asked whether the entrepreneurs form a homogeneous group so that it can be described with the help of common characteristics. Is best with real things that can be worked, handled, taken apart or put together.
Earlier studies
In addition to the types, the sizes (E, I, S, N, T, F, J, P) pictured above as well as the pairs (EN, NT, ST, etc.) and temperaments (SJ, SP, NF, NT) of the personality in relation to entrepreneurs and innovativeness. Based on 2960 observations from Finland, Routamaa found that ESFP, ESTP, INTP, ISTP, ENTP and ENFP are the six most entrepreneurial types based on sample occupancy statistics, see Table 1.
Results
Creative law-breakers are self-confident, believe their own ideas are the best, can violate moral norms, bend the rules, get bored easily, are independent and therefore do not want to be led. Those scoring in the top quartile on the Creative Idea Challengers and Creative Act factors will be compared to the total sample using a selection ratio type table (see Granade & Myers, 1987; Moody, Granade & Myers, 1993) that calculates the chi-square. or Fischer's test, depending on the number in each cell.
Discussion
125 References
Development of a Model for Human Capital Management for the Success of Corporates
The paper specifies which components of the model can generate market revenue, although it limits itself to specifying exact prices. They understood that any change must begin with a clear understanding of the assets and limitations of the company's administrative legacy.
Modelling
The change in the total sub-banner will be reflected in the sub-banner's banner account. Thus, the sub-banner will immediately realize the ugliness of the situation and find a suitable replacement (upon sudden negative indication of commitment from the individual).
Cconclusion
The subgroup will have the last timestamp of when the individual committed to said level of commitment points for the subgroup. Thus, the subgroup may require the individual to update their planned commitment level on a monthly or weekly basis, or as the case may be.
133 References
Social entrepreneurship and social innovation through the lens of the value co-creation process
Social entrepreneurship and social innovation through the lens of the value co-creation process
Conceptual background and research questions
- Literature review on Social Entrepreneurship (SE)
- Social Innovation as a strategic and dynamic aspect of social entrepreneurship
- Service Dominant Logic and Network Theory
Despite the growing academic interest in the field of social entrepreneurship, few studies have explored the links between social entrepreneurship and social innovation through the lens of the value co-creation process. Combining social entrepreneurship and social innovation through the lens of the value co-creation process.
Combining social entrepreneurship and social innovation through the lens of the value co-creation process
In this dynamic view, value co-creation is mediated by networks of interconnected relationships ( Chandler and Vargo, 2011 ). Furthermore, social innovation depends on a value network that encompasses the customer's co-creation of value (Michel et al., 2008).
Implications and Conclusions
Social entrepreneurship: why we don't need a new theory and how we move forward from here. The theory of economic development: An inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle (Vol. 55).
Measuring the Intagibles Valuation & Reporting Intagibles
An Empirical Analysis to Assess Intangible Assets in Tunisia and Its Relevance in the Knowledge - Based Economy
- Computerized Information
- Innovative Property
- Economic Competencies
- Results
- Conclusion
An empirical analysis to evaluate intangible assets in Tunisia and their relevance in the knowledge-based economy. Computerized information and economic competencies have approximately the same ratio in the composition of intangible assets in Tunisia.
156 References
Intellectual capital information in sustainability reports
Intellectual capital (hereafter IC) is now recognized as one of the most important sources of value and competitive advantage (Edvinsson and Sullivan, 1996; OECD, 2006; Ordonez de Pablos, 2003). The purpose of the contribution is, in fact, to study the nature and extent of information of the components of intellectual capital (human, structural and relational capital) in companies of the Italian banking sector.
Theoretical background
The purpose of Basel II is to increase the disclosure of both qualitative and quantitative nature of the stakeholders1, especially on issues related to the operational risk management (such as procedures and policies related to operational risk management processes and information systems aimed at operational risk to monitor, or aspects of structural capital). The paper is complementary to the studies of Bozzolan et al. 2006), which analyzes the disclosure of intellectual capital in Italy, with the exception of the financial sector, thus bridging the gap in the literature.
Literature review
Items have been examined with a focus on information and not on the expression of the individual word. ICI calculates “the number of information-related elements that a given report contains, based on a predefined list of the possible elements” (Bukh et al., 2005).
Sample and data
The total disclosure score was calculated as the unweighted sum of the scores for each item (Cooke, 1989). Looking more closely at the importance of each subcategory (Table 2), it can be observed that the top five subcategories are "Educational policies" for human capital, just to show the importance of this particular sector of the professional and learning education, update of the employee; "corporate culture and identity" for structural capital, to indicate the importance of some values, such as trust, credibility, etc.; "Customers", "Business Partnership" and.
171 Conclusion and future research
172 References
173 End Notes
