The Effectiveness of Outdoor Education on Student Performance in Writing Descriptive Text among Tenth Grade Students of MA Ma’arif Balong in Academic Year 2015/2016”. The main purpose of outdoor education research is to enjoy the learning process and develop students' writing skills.
Theoretical Background 1. Outdoor Learning
Writing
Narrative writing has been defined as the kind of writing that simply records a series of events. Expository writing is often called informative writing because it attempts to provide information and to clarify if necessary.
Descriptive Text
Identification (introduction) is a general opening statement in the first paragraph or first sentence that introduces the subject of the description to the audience. Furthermore, it can provide the audience with brief details about the when, where, who or what of the described topic. In addition, each paragraph must describe a feature of the topic, and all paragraphs build the description of the topic.
The description may be the physical appearance of the subject, the qualities of the subject such as the degree of beauty, perfection or value, and other characteristics of the subject that are unique to particular aspects that the subject has. A conclusion is not absolutely necessary; however, it is often very useful to the reader because it usually ends the last signals of the text. In addition, it reminds the reader of the important point or in other words it is to emphasize the reader to imagine the topic.
Furthermore, to describe the characteristics of the subject, the use of adjectives is very necessary because it explains how the subject is described.
Previous Research Finding
The difference lies in the use of different methods, except that in Yudhi's thesis he applied outdoor learning in teaching vocabulary while in this research the researcher applied outdoor learning in teaching writing. The third previous study by Chusnul Khotimah entitled "Effectiveness of outdoor learning on the writing skills of eleventh grade students of SMAN 1 Jetis Ponorogo".23 The result of this study, outdoor learning is effective to was used in teaching writing skills. to students. 23 Chusnul Khotimah, “Effectiveness of Outdoor Learning on Writing Skills of Eleventh Grade Students of SMAN 1 Jetis Ponorogo,” (Thesis, STAIN Ponorogo, 2016).
The difference is by using different methods, except that in Johar's thesis she applied outdoor learning in the teaching of vocabulary, while in this research the researcher applied outdoor learning in the teaching of writing. The similarity between previous study and this research is that the use of outdoor learning reduces the students' problems in the English learning process. Besides that the students are more active and interested in learning English, also give a good response to this outdoor learning.
Based on the previous thesis above, the writer conducts research on the effectiveness of outdoor learning in students' writing achievement.
Theoretical Framework
Hypothesis
The existence of the research methodology is intended to guide the research so that it works in a systematic way. It includes research design, population and sample, data collection instrument, data collection technique and data analysis technique.
Research Design
The experimenter therefore operates under the basic assumption that the research situation he wishes to evaluate has never existed and does not exist newly. This research is classified into pre-experimental research that uses a one group pre-test and post-test design. In one group pre- and post-test design that is a single group is measured or observed not only after being exposed to a treatment of some kind, but also before a treatment.
A pretest provides a measure of some attribute or characteristic assessed in an experiment before the group receives a treatment, while a post-test measures some attribute or characteristic assessed for participants in an experiment after a treatment. After the treatment is completed, the post test is administered to see the performance.4 According to John W. In this study, the researcher wants to know the effectiveness of outdoor learning in relation to students' performance in writing descriptive text on MA Ma'arif Balong.
The effectiveness is known after the significant difference between the students' achievements before learning outdoor learning and that learned after using outdoor learning was found out by comparing pre-test and post-test scores.
Population and Sample
According to Arikunto, the sample is part of the population being researched, if the subject of research less than 100 subjects, it is taken all subjects. Sampling is also a way in which the researcher selects the number of individuals as a sample that represents the population. Ary et al classify two main types of sampling procedures into probability sampling and non-probability sampling.8.
It is a saturation sample because the population was used as a sample because the population was relatively small. Through that technique, the researcher determined the population as a sample of the XB class at MA Ma‟arif Balong.
Instrument of Data Collection
Construct validation refers to the process of determining whether a test actually measures what it is intended to measure. In order for decisions based on test results to be fair, it is important to understand as precisely as possible what ability the test is trying to measure, and to what extent the test is actually measuring that ability and not some other ability. Additionally, it is important to be clear about the domain of writing to which the test should generalize.
To measure the validity of the instruments of this research, the researcher classified the total sample of 18 respondents into class XA. From the score, the validity instrument of the test and any scoring questions or rubrics are valid. The reliability test is designed to test the level of accuracy using the Spearman-Brown prediction formula.
This coefficient gives the reliability for either the odd-numbered items or the even-numbered items - or half, but only half of the test.
Technique of Data Collection
A test in simple terms is a method of measuring someone's ability knowledge or performance in a given domain.14 Test is a technique to measure someone's knowledge or competence to understand knowledge. Shaky or minimally recognizable introduction; organization can hardly be seen; serious problems with ordering ideas; lack of supporting evidence; conclusion weak or illogical; insufficient effort in the organization. Native-like fluent English grammar; correct use of relative clauses, prepositions, modals, articles, verb forms and time order; no fragments or run-on sentences.
Advanced knowledge of English grammar; some grammatical problems do not affect communication, even if the reader is aware of them; Ideas get through to the reader, but grammatical problems are obvious and negatively affect communication; random sentences or fragments present. Correct use of English writing conventions; left and right margins, all necessary capital letters, paragraph indents, punctuation and spelling;.
Uses common writing conventions but has errors; spelling problems distract the reader; punctuation errors interfere with ideas.
Technique of Data Analysis
Research Location Profile
Historical Background of MA Ma’arif Balong
Geographical Location of MA Ma’arif Balong
The Organizational Structure of MA Ma’arif Balong Ponorogo 1) Chairman :Mochamad Syamsul Hadi, S.Th.I
Data Description
Data of Students’ Writing Achievement before Using Outdoor Learning The score was taken from pre-test before applied treatment
Researcher taught students with the lecture method and kept them in the indoor remote for 1 hour and 30 minutes. Data from students' writing performance after the use of outdoor learning The score was taken from post-test after applied treatment. The learning process was equally implemented for 1 hour and 30 minutes with the same theme, but with different strategy.
The researcher provided the material by asking students to learn outdoors through direct observation on the school floor.
Data Analysis
The Result of Students’ Pre -Test before Using Outdoor Learning
The student pretest scores of tenth grade students of MA Ma'arif Balong can be determined by collating the data above. The analysis data of students' pre-test scores of tenth grade students of MA Ma'arif Balong. From the calculation above, it could be concluded that the mean value of pretest before using outdoor learning was 75.9, the range was 28, and the standard deviation was 7.078, the students' score for MA Ma'arif Balong is enough.
The results of the students' post test after using outdoor learning The table below showed the scores of the students' writing.
The Result of Students’ Post Test after Using Outdoor Learning The table below showed the score of students‟ writing
MA Ma‟arif Balong Tenth Class Student Test Result of Students can be determined by the collected data above. From the above calculation, it can be concluded that the mean value of pretest before using outdoor learning was 81.2, the range was 20, and the standard deviation was 5.345, the score of MA Ma‟arif student is enough.
The Result of Assumption Test for Parametric Statistic a. Normality Test
Normality of data and calculation of the students post-test after the use of outside learning with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov formula. The hypothesis was: Ha was accepted as ɑ1max D table: Ha was rejected as ɑ1max D table. Because the maximum value of ɑ1 was 0.0743 where the figure was smaller than the D table, the decision was to accept Ha, which means that the data on the students' post-test after the use of outdoor learning was normally distributed.
Discussions
So, there is a difference in the performance of students in writing descriptive text before and after being taught using outdoor learning in tenth grade students of MA Ma'arif Balong Ponorogo. From the calculation above, the researcher could conclude that there is a significant difference between students' performance in writing descriptive text before and after teaching using outdoor learning in tenth grade of MA Ma'arif Balong. It is appropriate theory with theory Creig Kimbro, he said that an outdoor classroom is not only useful when teaching environmental education; it can also be integrated into English.
Students can write a journal or article on the progress of the class in nature or an essay. In other words, outdoor learning strategies are effective in increasing students' achievement in writing descriptive text in the tenth grade students of MA Ma‟arif Balong Ponorogo in the academic year 2015/2016.
CLOSING
Conclusion
Recommendation
It is better for the students to use outdoor education in learning English, to make them more interested and enjoyable during the English learning process, especially in writing English. Because all parents should give their children more support or motivation to study hard in English class, especially in writing activities.
