INTRODUCTION
Research Problem
Objective of the Research
Significance of the Research
Scope of the Research
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Relevant Ideas
- Writing
- Essay
- Linking Words
- Concept of Error
The emphasis is often on more clearly identifying the narrator's point of view. Meanwhile, an error is a noticeable deviation from a native speaker's mature grammar, reflecting the learner's interlingual ability. From the above definitions it can be concluded that errors are a systematic and noticeable deviation in the learner's language from the grammar of a native speaker, which results from a lack of knowledge of the correct rule.
Misinformation is characterized by using the wrong form of a morpheme or structure. According to Richard, these types of errors are a direct result of the learner's effort to create a language system that he is listening to. To cope with this problem, one of the strategies widely used by linguists is error analysis.
Brown says that error analysis is the study of student errors, which can be observed, analyzed, and classified to reveal something of the system at work in the students. According to Johansson, An analysis of the student's mistakes gives the teacher proof of the student's competence in the foreign language." The teachers will also get information about the students' difficulties at different levels.
Conceptual Framework
By conducting a systematic study of errors, they can improve their teaching method and try to find some answers or solutions to solve some problems faced by their students. Based on the definition above, it can be concluded that error analysis is a method of examining students' competence to acquire a second language acquisition or a foreign language. Based on the analysis, the researcher would show the students' ability to use link words, including the most domain link words used and the most domain errors that the students make in their essay.
The researcher would have the students write an essay as a data collection instrument. Then the researcher would analyze the linking words that the students use in their essay to find the error. This study did not provide treatment, manipulation or change of independent variables, but describes the condition as it was.
This method was used to obtain data from a particular place naturally, but the researcher performs the treatment when collecting data by performing a test. This study specifically studies the case, so the result of this study cannot be used to reflect the ability of students from other universities in the use of connecting words. It was only relevant for the fifth students of Muhammadiyah University of Makassar in the academic year 2018/2019 and their mistakes in using connecting words.
The population of this research was the fifth semester of undergraduate students from the English department of Muhammadiyah University of Makassar in the academic year 2018/2019 which consists of 10 classes. The reason for choosing them other than limiting the sample so that the researcher can cut.
Variables of the Research
Research Instrument
The instrument of this research was the free-writing essay test by the students, which was applied as data to analyze and describe the students' ability in the use of connecting words.
Data Collection Procedure
Data Analysis
In analyzing the errors in the use of linking words and the most dominant types of linking words in the students' essay, the researcher applied the procedure. However, from the result addition became the most dominant type of linking words with 270 times (63.38%). The researcher found 13 times this type of linking words appearing in the students' essay or 3.05%.
The researcher found 270 times this type of linking words appearing in the students' essay or 63.38%. The researcher did not find this type of linking words in the students' essay or 0%. The researcher found 24 times this type of linking words appearing in the students' essay or 5.63%.
The researcher found 23 times this type of linking words appearing in the students' essay or 5.40%. The researcher found 12 times this type of linking words appearing in the students' essay or 2.82%. The researcher found 5 times this type of linking words appearing in the students' essay or 1.17%.
The researcher found 51 times this type of link word appearing in the students' essay or 11.97%. The researcher found 17 times this type of link word appearing in the students' essay or 3.99%. The researcher found 11 times this type of link word appearing in the students' essay or 2.58%.
From the findings, it was known that there were 426 linking words that appeared in the students' essay. Addition became the most dominant type of linking words used by the students with 270 times. From the findings, it was also known that there were nine types of linking words that appeared in students' essays out of ten types.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Discussion
The finding showed that the fifth semester students of English major of Muhammadiyah University of Makassar used linking words in their essay. This allows us to assume why the summary (summary) types did not appear in students' essays. Even the total number of linking words used was 426 times, the kind of words that occur in only 35 kinds of word out of a total of 120 kinds of word found by the researcher.
Which means that students only use more linking words that they have known and compatible with that kind of essay. This indicates what has been observed in previous studies that "at the level of a skilled user, linking words and phrases are not among the very frequently used discourse markers to keep the written text coherent and unified" (Apse and Farneste, 2018). It supported the statement form Apse and Farneste (2018) that the main type of errors found in the essay are intralingual errors.
From all the above discussions, it can be concluded that fifth semester students of English at Muhammadiyah University of Makassar who are learning English as a foreign language usually use linking words in their essay, especially addition, contrast and apposition, which are composed of basic linking words (and, or, but). It allows us to assume that the result of this research correlates with the research observations mentioned in Apse and Farneste (2018). The main findings of the research show that proficient language users tend to use linking words and phrases appropriately. It allows us to assume that the result of this research correlates with the research observations mentioned in Apse and Farneste (2018) students demonstrate good knowledge and skills in using appropriate connecting words and phrases in illustration essays, as quite a few errors are observed.
Based on the findings of the analysis, it can be seen that the students used a total of 457 linking words, 426 correct uses and 32 errors. Addition became the most dominant type of conjunctions the researcher found with the word “and” became the most common conjunctions. According to the errors that appear in the student essay, the source of these errors were intra-linguistic errors.
The researcher suggested the teachers of English major to pay more attention to their students' ability to use link words, especially the mistakes in using it. Since students make mistakes in essay writing is normal, include mistakes in the use of link words, they need to learn more about the function of link words and how to use them. DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS Error analysis on the use of linking words in essay writing (a descriptive quantitative research of fifth semester students of Muhammadiyah University of Makassar in the academic year 2018/2019).
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
Suggestions
It is expected that the result of this research will hopefully provide a new idea for better teaching and learning especially in teaching writing in the English major of Muhammadiyah University of Makassar. The teachers can use interesting techniques in the teaching process to increase the skills of students and reduce the mistakes of students. This research can be used as a reference for developing a new teaching method that can be applied in a lesson plan.
The researcher expected that the result of this study can provide an informative input to the next researchers who are likely to conduct similar research variable. The Missing Link: The Use of Ling Words and Phrases as a Link to Manuscript Quality.
Instrument
Students’ Descriptive Essay
Kontrol Pelaksanaan Penelitian
Pictures
