Being confronted with threatening actions Analysis of directive actions in the novel I was born for this by Alice Oseman. These theories are used by the researcher to find the types of directive actions and the use of face-threatening actions by all the characters in Alice Oseman's novel entitled I Was Born For This when performing directive illocutionary actions during everyday communication.
Statements of The Problem
Moreover, the outcome of this research can provide additional knowledge and references for the next researcher to undertake a study in the same topic, but using different objects of the research. The researcher aims to investigate the directional expressions addressed by the characters in the novel, such as ordering, requesting, questioning, asking, advising and any other type of directional expressions to also express the feeling.
Research Focus
Significances of the Research
Meanwhile in order to practice English as a second language in a given conversation, they need to understand facial threatening acts (FTA) to communicate well and deliver messages effectively either in spoken or written language through the act of speaking without losing the faces of the interlocutors. The researcher is interested in motivating future researchers to undertake research in the field of pragmatics, especially those that focus on the issue of threatening facial acts.
Objectives of the study
Limitation of The Research
Previous Related Studies
In this study, Garnis Trisnawati discusses the classification of directive illocutionary acts used by the speaker in the King's Speech dialogues from a number of perspectives. The study, titled "Politeness Strategies of Oprah Winfrey's Directive Illocutionary Acts on The Oprah Winfrey Show," was conducted by Amalia Karien.
Research Methods
- Research Approach
- Data and Source of Data
- Data Collection Technique
- Organizations of Study
The researcher presents the analysis of the data in this step by showing the data in. In addition, the researcher also gives a brief explanation about the data and data source that will be studied in this research.
RELATED THEORIES 1. Speech Acts
- Types of Speech Acts
- Classification of Speech Acts
- Illocutionary Acts
- Directive Speech Acts
An illocutionary act is a form of speech act in which the speaker focuses on his target. According to Searle, directives are a form of speech act that represents the speaker's attempt to persuade the listener to do something.
FINDINGS
The Distribution of Directives Speech Acts Function Used by The Characters in the Novel I Was Born For This By Alice Oseman
DISCUSSION
The speaker (Rowan Omondi) made a directive to the hearer (Jimmy Kagga Ricci) to do something in the judgment D13/Row/Com/150. In the judgment D14/Row/Com/157, the speaker (Rowan Omondi) performed a directive form of illocutionary acts to order the hearer (Jimmy Kagga Ricci) to do something as the function. The speech function used by the speaker (Jimmy Kagga Ricci) in the sentence D17/Jim/Forb/193 is directive forbid, which is used to ask someone not to do something.
The speech function used by the speaker (Jimmy Kagga Ricci) in the utterances D24/Jim/Req/259 is a directive request to ask someone to do something. The speech function used by the speaker (Jimmy's grandfather) in the utterance D27/Pi/Inv/275 is the instruction command used to ask someone for something. The speech function used by the speaker (Jimmy's grandfather) in the utterance D29/Pi/Com/276 is a directive command used to ask Jimmy Kagga Ricci to do something.
The speech function used by the speaker (Pierro Ricci) in utterance D34/Pi/Req/329 is to get Jimmy, Fereshteh, Rowan, Juliet and Bliss to do something. The speech function used by the speaker (Jimmy Kagga Ricci) in utterance D4/Row/Req/68 is to ask someone to do something.
RELATED THEORIES 1. FTA
Politeness
Politeness is reflected in statements that carry the meaning intended by interlocutors to convey to other participants of the communicative event. In addition, the concept of politeness takes into account the meaning conveyed by the speaker to convey the awareness of the other person's face128. This indicates that the actual act may be considered polite in one culture but not in another, or vice versa, because the actual realization of politeness varies depending on the culture of the society.
130Sumardiono, “Politeness Strategies Applied in the Directive Speech Law in the Da Vinci Code and its Translation,” UNS Journal of Language Studies 03, no. 130. Politeness is one of the pragmatic aspects used to use the speaker's feeling to attitude and consciousness towards the face of the other.135 Face means the public self-image of a particular person as the reflection of the emotional and social sense of the other's self. image that everyone in society possesses and expects that people around them will recognize.136 In this way, politeness takes a concern in accordance with people's preference, which is expressed in the expressions. In light of the foregoing discussion, politeness is an attitude that both speakers and listeners can adopt in everyday conversations to promote a harmonious relationship and social value for both speakers and listeners.
In the end, politeness teaches people to be more aware whenever they say things to each other, which have a real effect on both the speaker and the interlocutor. This is because whenever speakers hold interactions they encode prepositional content and also the meaning of the relationship between speakers and interlocutors.
Politeness Strategies
When the speaker does the FTA and at the same time takes care of the listener's face, this strategy is applied149. The speaker attempts to bridge the gap between himself (speaker) and the listener by demonstrating good will and approximately equal interest in reducing the number of face-threatening acts (FTAs). In this strategy, the speaker conveys group membership to the listener, implicitly claiming common ground with the audience.
This strategy is used by the speaker to avoid projecting a negative image to the listener. This strategy involves compensation or feedback that the speaker must make to the listener after performing the FTA. This strategy is used by the speaker when he says something that is not explicitly important.
In this situation, the speaker invites the hearer to look for an interpretation of the possible relevance. The speaker violates the quality rule in the contradiction strategy (tell the truth, be sincere).
FINDINGS
Because of this circumstance, the speaker privately reveals who is subject to the FTAs, or the speaker somehow does not clearly address the FTA to the audience, but claims to do so to someone else. Example: When in a classroom, one asks the other to pass the stapler using negative politeness, while the stapler is much closer to the principal than the other teacher. The speaker deliberately makes his explanation incomplete and leaves the FTAs unfinished, leaving the implicature "hanging in the air" exactly like a frivolous inquiry.
As a result, about forty statements made by the characters (as speakers) in the novel contain politeness strategies and directional acts that function. The researcher presents the list of speakers' utterances that contain politeness strategies and the directional function of illocutionary in the following table 3.1. The speaker used negative politeness strategies presented in seven utterances, meanwhile around thirteen out of forty utterances have positive politeness strategies employed by the characters to perform directive illocutionary function.
Moreover, bald notation strategies became the most frequently used character strategy in the novel I Was Born For This, where it appears in twenty out of forty statements. In the next section, the researcher wants to give a brief analysis of each statement taken from the statement spoken by the characters in the novel I Was Born For This by Alice Osmean, based on the formulated problems in the previous chapter within the framework of Brown and Levinson's theory in relation to show , how the characters in Alice Oseman's novel I Was Born for This Perform an Imperative Statement.
DISCUSSION
The Analysis of Directive Illocutionary Function Related with Bald On Record Strategies of Brown and Levinson 1987 in Doing The Face Threatening Acts
In this research, the speaker mostly uses the bald speaker strategy to perform face-threatening actions (FTAs). The speaker used bald notation in order to achieve the maximum efficiency of communication with the listener. The speaker (Cecily Wills) used one of the most bald strategies to perform threatening actions (FTA) in utterance D1/Ce/sug/21.
The speaker (Rowan Omondi) used one of the bald note strategies in statement D13/Row/Com/150. In Theorem D18/Jim/Com/195, the speaker (Jimmy Kagga Ricci) used one of Brown and Levinson's bald notation strategies. The speaker (Jimmy Kagga Ricci) used one of Brown and Levinson's bald strategies in statement D24/Jim/Req/259 to make the FTA.
In utterance D36/Jim/beg/341, the speaker (Jimmy Kagga Ricci) applied a bald strategy in the recording to provide the directive function of begging. The speaker (Fereshteh) applied one of Brown and Levinson's balding strategies to the record in utterance D37/Fr/Com/341.
Positive politeness becomes the second most common strategy used by the speaker in this research. The speaker (Fereshteh) used the strategy of positive politeness to perform FTAs in utterance D3/Fr/Forb/53. The speaker (Pierro Ricci) provided the directive function of the question in utterance D7/Pi/Ask/100-101 using the positive politeness strategy.
In utterance D11/Bl/Forb/137-138, the speaker (Bliss Lai) used strategy number twelve of Brown and Levinson's 1987 Positive Politeness to deliver the face threat. In utterance D12/Dor/Req/141, the speaker (Dorothy) used one of positive politeness strategies to continue the face threat through the directive request. In conclusion, the speaker succeeded in using a positive politeness strategy in this conversation because the audience gives an approving response.
In utterance D28/Pi/Req/275, the speaker (Pierro Ricci) used strategy number one of positive politeness to smoothly convey the directive function of the request. In statements D30/Jul/Req/286, the speaker (Juliet Schwartz) used the third strategy of Brown and Levinson's positive politeness strategy.
