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Home » Journals Home » Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (FHMT)

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (FHMT)

An International Journal

A premiere open-access and peer-reviewed frontier journal site, serving the needs of the Heat and Mass Transfer community.

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer has the same submission and acceptance process - including peer review - as traditional publishing, but the works are published online and are available globally to view and download. See the latest research or submit an article.

All papers published by in Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer are indexed in Web of Science, Compendex, Scopus, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Google, Google Scholar and Open J-Gate.

The Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer is a peer- reviewed online journal that provides a central vehicle for the exchange of basic ideas in heat and mass transfer between researchers and engineers around the globe. It disseminates information of permanent interest in the area of heat and mass transfer. Theory and fundamental research in heat and mass transfer, numerical simulations and algorithms, experimental techniques and measurements as they applied to all kinds of applied and emerging problems are welcome.

Contributions to the journal consist of original research on heat and mass transfer in equipment, thermal systems, thermodynamic processes, nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, energy and power, security and related topics.

ARCHIVES | CURRENT VOLUME

Frontiers in Heat Pipes (FHP) has been merged into Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (FHMT) in 2017. The papers published in FHP between 2010 and 2016 (Vol. 1 – 7) can be accessed here.

Read Editorial Announcement about the merge.

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Scope

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer is a free-access and peer-reviewed online journal that provides a central vehicle for the exchange of basic ideas in heat and mass transfer between researchers and engineers around the globe. It disseminates information of permanent interest in the area of heat and mass transfer. Theory and fundamental research in heat and mass transfer, numerical simulations and algorithms, experimental techniques and measurements as applied to all kinds of current and emerging problems are welcome. Contributions to the journal consist of original research on heat and mass transfer in equipment, thermal systems, thermodynamic processes, nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, energy and power applications, as well as security and related topics.

Types of Articles

Thermal-Fluids Central accepts submissions of the following types of articles. All types articles submitted are subject to rigorous peer review.

Editorials Review Articles Research Papers Technical Briefs Discussions Closures Book Reviews Announcements Errata

Peer Review Process

Once the paper is submitted, it will be assigned to an editor who will screen the paper to make sure that it fits the scope of the journal. The editor will also assess the quality of the paper before assigning it to reviewers. If it is deemed that the paper does not fit into the scope of the journal or the quality of the paper is obviously below the standard of publication, the authors will be notified promptly, and the paper will not be sent to reviewers.

Once the paper passed the initial screen and assessment by the editor, it will be assigned to the reviewers who are active researchers in the subject of the paper. The single-blind review process is employed in that the identity of the reviewers is completely anonymous to the authors while the authors' identity is known to the reviewers. The reviewers are asked to comment on the quality of the paper based on its originality and quality of writing in three weeks. The reviewers who did not submit their reviews on time will be reminded, and additional reviewers may be sought if necessary.

Based on the comments received from the reviewers, the editor will make an initial decision to (a) accept the paper, (b) ask the authors to revise the paper, or (c) reject the paper. If the authors are asked to revise their paper, they will have two weeks to submit the revised paper and rebuttal. The final acceptance of the paper will be based on the assessment of the editor based on the revised paper and rebuttal.

Once the paper is accepted for publication, the authors will be asked to format the paper based on the template of the journal before the paper can be sent to the publisher for publication.

Copyright Policy

The articles that appear in all journals published by Global Digital Central are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution

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Front. Heat Mass Transf.

Home » Journals Home » About the Journal » Editorial Policies

in heat and mass transfer, numerical simulations and algorithms, experimental techniques and measurements as applied to all kinds of current and emerging problems are welcome. Contributions to the journal consist of original research on heat and mass transfer in equipment, thermal systems, thermodynamic processes, nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, energy and power applications, as well as security and related topics.

Types of Articles

Thermal-Fluids Central accepts submissions of the following types of articles. All types articles submitted are subject to rigorous peer review.

Editorials Review Articles Research Papers Technical Briefs Discussions Closures Book Reviews Announcements Errata

Peer Review Process

Once the paper is submitted, it will be assigned to an editor who will screen the paper to make sure that it fits the scope of the journal. The editor will also assess the quality of the paper before assigning it to reviewers. If it is deemed that the paper does not fit into the scope of the journal or the quality of the paper is obviously below the standard of publication, the authors will be notified promptly, and the paper will not be sent to reviewers.

Once the paper passed the initial screen and assessment by the editor, it will be assigned to the reviewers who are active researchers in the subject of the paper. The single-blind review process is employed in that the identity of the reviewers is completely anonymous to the authors while the authors' identity is known to the reviewers. The reviewers are asked to comment on the quality of the paper based on its originality and quality of writing in three weeks. The reviewers who did not submit their reviews on time will be reminded, and additional reviewers may be sought if necessary.

Based on the comments received from the reviewers, the editor will make an initial decision to (a) accept the paper, (b) ask the authors to revise the paper, or (c) reject the paper. If the authors are asked to revise their paper, they will have two weeks to submit the revised paper and rebuttal. The final acceptance of the paper will be based on the assessment of the editor based on the revised paper and rebuttal.

Once the paper is accepted for publication, the authors will be asked to format the paper based on the template of the journal before the paper can be sent to the publisher for publication.

Copyright Policy

The articles that appear in all journals published by Global Digital Central are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License. A brief summary of this license agreement is given below:

The authors of the article retain the copyright.

Global Digital Central is granted a license to publish the article as the original publisher in any medium.

Authors grant any third party the right to unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original authors, citation details, and publisher are identified.

The deed of the license may be found

at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/. The full legal code of the license is available

at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode.

Authors’ Certification

In submitting an article to any of the journals published by Global Digital Central authors agree that:

1. They are authorized by their co-authors to submit their work for publication to Global Digital Central.

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2. They warrant, on behalf of themselves and their co-authors, that:

a. the article is original, has not been published in any other journal, is not under consideration by any other journal and does not infringe any existing copyright or any other third party rights;

b. They have already obtained permission from the original copyright owners if they are using materials including figures and/or tables from other sources in their article to be published by Global Digital Central;

c. They are the sole author(s) of the article and have full authority to publish their work with Global Digital Central and they are not in breach of any other obligation. The article contains nothing that is unlawful or which would, if published, constitute a breach of contract of commitment given to secrecy.

Why publish in Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (FHMT)

The following is a list of the specific advantages and benefits Frontiers has over other thermal-fluids journals:

Premiere open-access and stringent peer and rapid review No cost to readers

Unlimited world-wide use and distribution No color constraints

FHMT peer reviewed journal issues and volumes are made permanently available electronically on a technical central website (Thermal-Fluids Central) that is used globally by the thermal- fluids community. This website also provides users with access to all relevant materials on heat and mass transfer,

thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, combustion, and multiphase systems. Best of all, access to the materials is provided free-of- charge, with few licensing and copyright restrictions The Thermal-Fluids Central website also provides the global community with instant, free access to e-books, journals, encyclopedia, e-resources, events, jobs, news, who is who, and forums (all without any advertisements). Thermal-fluids Central’s philosophy is to provide the thermal community free and easy access to and exchange of relevant information for maximum impact at a one-stop information resource center FHMT articles reach a wider audience faster than traditional distribution methods

Increased readership often means increased citations and research impact

The journal system features a powerful search engine for user convenience

Frontiers journals have access to over 8,000 comprehensive directories of who is who in global thermal-fluids community for review and marketing

Gives users the option of having automatic notification when new issues are published.

Indexing

All papers published by in Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer are indexed in Web of Science, Compendex, Scopus, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Google, and Google Scholar. Global Digital Central is an active member of CrossRef, which is a citation linking network that spans millions of resources (including journals, books, conferences, dissertations, datasets, gray literature and other materials), spanning several centuries. This membership ensures the papers published in all Global Digital Central journals will be accessible to and cited by authors of other peer-reviewed journal papers published by thousands of publishers around the globe.

ISSN: 2151-8629

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Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer

COUNTRY United States

SUBJECT AREA AND CATEGORY

Engineering

Materials Science

Physics and Astronomy

PUBLISHER Global Digital Central

H-INDEX

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PUBLICATION TYPE Journals

ISSN 21518629

COVERAGE 2010-2021

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SCOPE

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer is a free-access and peer-reviewed online journal that provides a central vehicle for the exchange of basic ideas in heat and mass transfer between researchers and engineers around the globe. It disseminates information of permanent interest in the area of heat and mass transfer. Theory and fundamental research in heat and mass transfer, numerical simulations and algorithms, experimental techniques and measurements as applied to all kinds of current and emerging problems are welcome. Contributions to the journal consist of original research on heat and mass transfer in equipment, thermal systems, thermodynamic processes, nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, energy and power applications, as well as security and related topics.

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The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator that ranks journals by their 'average prestige per article'. It is based on the idea that 'all citations are not created equal'. SJR is a measure of scienti c in uence of journals that accounts for both the number of citations received by a journal and the importance or prestige of the journals where such citations come from It measures the scienti c in uence of the average article in a journal it expresses how central to the global

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documents from a journal and divides them by the total number of documents published in that journal. The chart shows the evolution of the average number of times documents published in a journal in the past two, three and four years have been cited in the current year.

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Cites per document Year Value Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2010 0.000 Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2011 1.467 Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2012 0.878 Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2013 1.061 Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2014 1.010 Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2015 0.925 Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2016 1.175 Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2017 1.149 Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2018 1.207

Ci / D (4 ) 2019 1 364

self-citations received by a journal's published documents during the three previous years.

Journal Self-citation is de ned as the number of citation from a journal citing article to articles published by the same journal.

Cites Year Value External Cites per Doc Cites per Doc

Evolution of the number of total citation per document and external citation per document (i.e. journal self- citations removed) received by a journal's published documents during the three previous years. External citations are calculated by subtracting the number of self-citations from the total number of citations received by the journal’s documents.

% International Collaboration

International Collaboration accounts for the articles that have been produced by researchers from several countries. The chart shows the ratio of a journal's documents signed by researchers from more than one country; that is including more than one country address.

Year International Collaboration 2010 13.33

2011 8 82

Citable documents Non-citable documents

Not every article in a journal is considered primary research and therefore "citable", this chart shows the ratio of a journal's articles including substantial research (research articles, conference papers and reviews) in three year windows vs. those documents other than research articles, reviews and conference papers.

Documents Year Value

Cited documents Uncited documents

Ratio of a journal's items, grouped in three years windows, that have been cited at least once vs. those not cited during the following year.

Documents Year Value

Uncited documents 2010 0 Uncited documents 2011 5 Uncited documents 2012 28 Uncited documents 2013 46

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Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer

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Subject area: Engineering: General Engineering Physics and Astronomy: General Physics and Astronomy Materials Science: General Materials Science

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FRONTIERS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

ISSN / eISSN 2151-8629

Publisher GLOBAL DIGITAL CENTRAL, PO BOX 257, COLUMBIA, USA, MO, 65201

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Front. Heat Mass Transf.

Home » Journals Home » Editors

Editors

Founding Editor and Editor-in-Chief

Amir Faghri

University of Connecticut E-mail: [email protected]

Co-Editor-in-Chief

Yuwen Zhang University of Missouri E-mail: [email protected]

Editorial Board

Aliakbar Akbarzadeh, RMIT University, Australia Cristina H. Amon, University of Toronto, Canada Yutaka Asako, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Theodore L. Bergman, University of Kansas, USA Yiding Cao, Florida International University, USA Gang Chen, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA Li Chen, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China

Jacob N. Chung, University of Florida, USA

Vijay K. Dhir, University of California, Los Angeles, USA Ashley Emery, University of Washington, USA Mohammad Faghri, University of Rhode Island, USA Manfred Groll, University of Stuttgart, Germany Z.Y. Guo, Tsinghua University, China

Je-Chin Han, Texas A&M University, USA Ya-Ling He, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China John R. Howell, University of Texas at Austin, USA Yogesh Jaluria, Rutgers University, USA Massoud Kaviany, University of Michigan, USA Masahiro Kawaji, The City College of New York, USA Yasushi Koito, Kumamoto University, Japan Stéphane Launay, Université d'Aix-Marseille, France W.J. Minkowycz, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA Masataka Mochizuki, Fujikura Ltd., Japan

Patrick H. Oosthuizen, Queen’s University, Canada G.P. “Bud” Peterson, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Joel Plawsky, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA Bengt Sundén, Lund Institute of Technology, Sweden Raymond Viskanta, Purdue University, USA Chao Xu, North China Electric Power University, China Jinliang Xu, North China Electric Power University, China Yimin Xuan, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China

T.S. Zhao, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong

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ISSN: 2151-8629

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12/9/22, 1:04 PM Journals | Vol. 10 (2018) | Thermal-Fluids Central

www.thermalfluidscentral.org/journals/index.php/Heat_Mass_Transfer/issue/view/100 1/8

Vol. 10 (2018)

P. Palaniammal

^a

, K. Saritha

^b

a

Sri Krishna College of Technology,

b

P. A. College of Engineering and Technology, India

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (FHMT) 10 - 1 (2018)

ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF DIFFUSION THERMO EFFECTS ON UNSTEADY FREE CONVECTION FLOW PAST AN ACCELERATED VERTICAL PLATE

PDF

E. Kumaresan

^a

, A. G. Vijaya Kumar

^a

, J. Prakash

^b

a

VIT University, India

b

University of Botswana, Botswana Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (FHMT) 10 - 2 (2018)

EFFECTS OF VARIABLE FLUID PROPERTIES ON A DOUBLE DIFFUSIVE MIXED CONVECTION VISCOUS FLUID OVER A SEMI INFINITE VERTICAL SURFACE IN A SPARSELY PACKED MEDIUM

PDF

R. Suresh Babu

^a

, B. Rushi Kumar

^a

, P.A. Dinesh

^b

a

b

Ramaiah Institute of Technology, India

RADIATION AND DUFOUR EFFECTS ON

LAMINAR FLOW OF A ROTATING FLUID PAST A POROUS PLATE IN CONDUCTING FIELD

PDF

N. Ananda Reddy , P. Chandra Reddy , M.C. Raju , S.V.K. Varma Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Science, India

BUOYANCY RATIO AND HEAT SOURCE EFFECTS ON MHD FLOW OVER AN INCLINED NON-LINEARLY STRETCHING SHEET

PDF

Thirupathi Thumma

^a

, M.D.

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Shamshuddin

^b

a

B V Raju Institute of Technology, India

b

Vaagdevi College of Engineering, India

CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER, FRICTION FACTOR AND THERMAL PERFORMANCE IN A ROUND TUBE EQUIPPED WITH THE MODIFIED V-SHAPED BAFFLE

PDF

Amnart Boonloi

^a

, Withada Jedsadaratanachai

^b

a

King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand

b

King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (FHMT) 10 - 6 (2018)

IMPACT OF CATTANEO-CHRISTOV HEAT FLUX IN THE CASSON FLUID FLOW OVER A

STRETCHING SURFACE WITH ALIGNED MAGNETIC FIELD AND HOMOGENEOUS - HETEROGENEOUS CHEMICAL REACTION

PDF

P. Bala Anki Reddy

^a

, S. Suneetha

^b

a

b

Yogi Vemana University, India Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (FHMT) 10 - 7 (2018)

ENTROPY GENERATION DUE TO NATURAL CONVECTION WITH NON -UNIFORM HEATING OF POROUS QUADRANTAL ENCLOSURE-A NUMERICAL STUDY

PDF

Shantanu Kumar Dutta , Arup Kumar Biswas

National Institute of Technology Durgapur, India

DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF PARALLEL

MICROHEATER PDF

Shailendra Kumar Tiwari

^a

, Somashekara Bhat

^a

, Krishna K.

Mahato

^a

, Bharath Babu Manjunath

^b

a

Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India

b

Manipal Technologies Ltd, India

(FHMT) 10 - 9 (2018)

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NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SLIP INFLUENCE ON ELECTRIC CONDUCTING VISCOELASTIC FLUID PAST AN ISOTHERMAL CYLINDER

PDF

CH. Amanulla

^a

, N. Nagendra

^a

, M.

Suryanarayana Reddy

^b

a

Madanapalle Institute of Technology and Science, India

b

JNTUA College of Engineering, India

INVESTIGATION OF EFFECTIVE PARAMETERS ON ENTROPY GENERATION IN A SQUARE ELECTRONIC PACKAGE

PDF

Saeed Zaidabadi Nezad , Mohammad Mehdi Keshtkar

Islamic Azad University, Iran, Islamic Republic Of

THE STUDY ON CALCULATION METHOD OF TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION OF TESTED TUBE FOR WAX DEPOSITION EXPERIMENTAL LOOP

PDF

Rongge Xiao

^a

, Wenbo Jin

^a

, Zhen Tian

^b

, Yuntong She

^c

, Li Wang

^a

a

Xi’an Shiyou University, China

b

Offshore Oil Engineering Co.,Ltd., China

c

University of Alberta, Canada Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (FHMT) 10 - 12 (2018)

BIO-MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS FOR THE STAGNATION POINT FLOW OVER A NON- LINEAR STRETCHING SURFACE WITH THE SECOND ORDER VELOCITY SLIP AND TITANIUM ALLOY NANOPARTICLE

PDF

S.R.R. Reddy , P. Bala Anki Reddy VIT University, India

HOMOTOPY ANALYSIS FOR MHD HIEMENZ FLOW IN A POROUS MEDIUM WITH THERMAL RADIATION, VELOCITY AND THERMAL SLIPS EFFECTS

PDF

Nasreen Bano , B.B. Singh , S.R.

Sayyed

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, India Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (FHMT) 10 - 14 (2018)

COMPUTATION OF UNSTEADY MHD MIXED

CONVECTIVE HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN PDF

(15)

DISSIPATIVE REACTIVE MICROPOLAR FLOW CONSIDERING SORTE AND DUFOUR EFFECTS

M.D. Shamshuddin

^a

, A.J.

Chamkha

^b

, Thirupathi Thumma

^c

, M.C. Raju

^d

a

Vaagdevi College of Engineering, India

b

Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Saudi Arabia

c

B V Raju Institute of Technology, India

d

Annmacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences, India Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (FHMT) 10 - 15 (2018)

A TREE-TYPE CYLINDRICAL-SHAPED

NANOPOROUS FILTERING MEMBRANE PDF

Yongbin Zhang

Changzhou University, China

HEAT TRANSFER INFERENCES ON THE HERSCHEL BULKLEY FLUID FLOW UNDER PERISTALSIS

PDF

G. C. Sankad , Asha Patil

B.L.D.E.A.’s V.P. Dr. P. G. Halakatti College of Engineering and

Technology, India

A XFEM PHASE CHANGE MODEL WITH

CONVECTION PDF

Dave Martin

^a

, Hicham Chaouki

^a

, Jean-Loup

Robert

^a

, Donald Ziegler

^b

, Mario Fafard

^a

a

Laval University, Canada

b

Alcoa Technical Center, Canada Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (FHMT) 10 - 18 (2018)

INDUCED MAGNETIC FIELD INTERACTION IN FREE CONVECTIVE HEAT AND MASS

TRANSFER FLOW OF A CHEMICALLY REACTIVE HEAT GENERATING FLUID WITH THERMO-DIFFUSION AND DIFFUSION-THERMO EFFECTS

PDF

Sanjib Sengupta

^a

, Amrit Karmakar

^b

a

Assam University, India

b

Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, India

(FHMT) 10 - 19 (2018)

(16)

EFFECT OF ELASTIC DEFORMATION ON NANO- SECOND GRADE FLUID FLOW OVER A

STRETCHING SURFACE

PDF

R. Kalaivanan

^a

, B. Ganga

^b

, N.

Vishnu Ganesh

^c

, A.K. Abdul Hakeem

^a

a

Sri Ramakrishana Mission College of Arts and Science, India

b

Providence College for Women, India

c

Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, India

MIXED BIOCONVECTION FLOW OF A NANOFLUID CONTAINING GYROTACTIC MICROORGANISMS PAST A VERTICAL SLENDER CYLINDER

PDF

A.M Rashad

^a

, Ali J. Chamkha

^b

, B.

Mallikarjuna

^c

, M.M.M. Abdou

^a

a

Aswan University, Egypt

b

Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Saudi Arabia

c

BMS College of Engineering, India Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (FHMT) 10 - 21 (2018)

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PDF

S.R.R. Reddy

^a

, P. Bala Anki Reddy

^a

, S Suneetha

^b

a

b

Yogi Vemana University, India Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (FHMT) 10 - 22 (2018)

RADIATION AND CHEMICAL REACTION EFFECTS ON MHD STAGNATION POINT FLOW OF CASSON FLUID OVER A STRETCHING SHEET WITH MULTIPLE SLIPS IN THE

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G. Vinod Kumar G. Vinod Kumar , R. V. M. S. S. Kiran Kumar , S. V. K.

Varma

S. V. University, India

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(17)

Gang Qiu

^a

, Mo Yang

^a

, Jin Wang

^b

, Yuwen Zhang

^c

a

University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, China

b

Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

c

University of Missouri, United States Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (FHMT) 10 - 24 (2018)

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K. Venkateswara Raju

^a

, A.

Parandhama

^a

, M.C. Raju

^b

, K.

Ramesh Babu

^a

a

Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, India

b

Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences, India Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (FHMT) 10 - 25 (2018)

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Geniy V. Kuznetsov , Alexander E.

Nee

Tomsk polytechnic university, Russian Federation

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Alem Karima

^a

, Sahel

Djamel

^b

, Nemdili Ali

^c

, Ameur Houari

^d

a

laboratoire garburant gazeux et environement, Algeria

b

Université Amar Telidji-Laghouat, Algeria

c

USTO.MB, ALGERIA, Algeria

d

University Center Salhi Ahmed, Algeria

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Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer

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Jadav Konch

Dibrugarh University, India

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^a

, Aurang Zaib

^b

, Krishendu

Bhattacharyya

^c

, S.K. Mahato

^d

a

Mohulara Jr. High School, India

b

Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Pakistan

c

Banaras Hindu University, India

d

Sidho Kanho Birsha University, India

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S.P. S.P.Samrat , C. Sulochana , G.P.

Ashwinkumar

Gulbarga University, India

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Ajloun National University, Jordan Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (FHMT) 10 - 32 (2018)

INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECT OF INJECTION PRESSURES ON THE SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS FOR DIETHYL ETHER AND DIESEL FUEL AT DIFFERENT CHAMBER TEMPERATURES

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Vijayakumar Thulasi , R. Thundil Karuppa Raj

(FHMT) 10 - 33 (2018)

(19)

EXPERIMENTAL COOLER BOX PERFORMANCE USING TWO DIFFERENT HEAT REMOVAL UNITS: A HEAT SINK FIN-FAN, AND A DOUBLE FAN HEAT PIPE

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M. Mirmanto , I.B. Alit , I.M.A.

Sayoga , R. Sutanto , N. Nurchayati , A. Mulyanto

Mataram University, Indonesia Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (FHMT) 10 - 34 (2018)

HEAT EXCHANGES INTENSIFICATION THROUGH A FLAT PLAT SOLAR COLLECTOR BY USING NANOFLUIDS AS WORKING FLUID

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A. Maouassi

^a

, A. Baghidja

^a

, S.

Douad

^b

, N. Zeraibi

^b

a

University of Constantine1, Algeria

b

University of Boumerdès, Algeria

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (FHMT) 10 - 35 (2018)

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Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (FHMT), 10, 34 (2018) DOI: 10.5098/hmt.10.34

Global Digital Central ISSN: 2151-8629 Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (FHMT), 10, 34 (2018)

DOI: 10.5098/hmt.10.34

Global Digital Central ISSN: 2151-8629

1

EXPERIMENTAL COOLER BOX PERFORMANCE USING TWO DIFFERENT HEAT REMOVAL UNITS: A HEAT SINK FIN-FAN, AND A

DOUBLE FAN HEAT PIPE

Mirmanto*, I.B. Alit, I.M.A. Sayoga, R. Sutanto, Nurchayati, A. Mulyanto

Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Mataram University, Mataram, NTB, 83125, Indonesia Jl. Majapahit no. 62, Mataram, NTB, 83125, Indonesia

A

BSTRACT

A comparison study of the use of two different heat removal units was conducted to examine the performance of thermoelectric cooler box. The heat removal units employed were a heat sink fin-fan and a double fan heat pipe. Parameters measured as performance indicators are cooling capacity, temperature differences, and COP. In addition, the effect of electrical power on temperature difference and COP was also investigated. The cooler box size is 285 mm x 245 mm x 200 mm and constructed from styrofoam. The results show that there is no difference of the use of a double fan heat pipe or a heat sink fin-fan on the cooler box performances. The Carnot COP decreases with the time, while the experimental COP increases with the time then it is constant after the steady condition has been achieved. Increasing the power decreases the COP but increases the temperature difference.

Keywords: Cooler box, Thermoelectric, Heat removal unit, COP

1. INTRODUCTION^*

A portable medical refrigerator is essential to carry out planned immunization, preventive injection, serum and biological preparations.

Over the past years until nowadays, a small box filled with ice is commonly used for transporting/ storing fish by fishermen. Foam cotton, ice bottle, glass liner are also used as insulation materials to prevent the heat coming into/ out the storage box. Ice cream sellers using a motorbike also use styrofoam boxes filled with an ice stone to avert their ice cream melting. This manner is not easy and effective. Also, using cotton, foam and other materials to make the box at a constant temperature causes the package to be large, small volume, and high cost, etc. (Yang et al., 1991).

Therefore, there is an urgent demand for such works to find a new cooler box that is portable, small power, and temperature-controlled.

To fulfil the demand, a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) box is a better choice. TEC is a new artificial refrigeration technology which is based on the Peltier effect. The cold side of the thermoelectric can be used for absorbing heat or cooling things, Abdul-Wahab et al. (2009), Rawat et al. (2013), Reddy (2016), Ananta et al. (2017). Recently, studies on TEC have been quickly developed. Although the efficiency of TEC is lower compared with traditional refrigeration, it is irreplaceable for some cases.

TEC is quiet, portable, and environmentally friendly and it has a high temperature-controlling capacity, Deng (1992). Furthermore, the advantages of TEC are no leakage problem, very compact, durable, easy in maintenance, and low power, Andersen (1962), Mei et al. (1989), McNaughton et al. (1995). Hence, it is suitable to be applied to the medical field or other purposes as mentioned in the previous paragraph.

Most previous work on TEC system has examined optimization and performance improvement of electronic devices by building various thermoelectric modules, Shen et al. (2013), Cai et al. (2016), Cai et al.

(2017), Chen et al. (2015), Lineykin and Ben-Yaakov (2007),

*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Manikandan and Kaushik (2015). However, increasing the performance of the cooler box is difficult due to low COP (coefficient of performance) of the thermoelectric module (TE). Some researchers tried to increase the performance of TE by discovering new materials, e.g. Ghoshal et al.

(2002), Yang et al. (1991) and Lee et al. (2015). Nevertheless, what they did does not improve the performance much. Then Lu et al. (2014) enhanced their TE refrigeration system by applying inhomogeneous thermal conductivity materials. They elucidated that this method increased the performance of the cooling system. Moreover, Rabari et al.

(2015) investigated the effect of a thermal conductivity on the performance of TE systems. They concluded that this way increased the COP. Attey (1998) increased the COP in applications. They revealed that using low thermal impedance liquid raised the COP surprisingly, and even when they applied a solid heat sink, the COP obtained was approximately ranging from 0.4-0.6, but when they utilized liquid as the heat sink, the COP leveled by of approximately 0.95-1.85. Recently Reddy et al. (2013) also performed an investigation to increase the COP of their thermoelectric cooling system. They found a significant increase in COP or performance. Yu and Wang (2009) improved TE cooling system using internally cascaded TE couples and they found the significant increase in COP. Nevertheless, most of them found that COP of TEC was still lower than 1, see also Table 1.

From the above literature or Table 1, several types of heat sink installed on the hot side of TE to remove the heat have been investigated.

Nevertheless, none of them investigated the effect of the use of different heat sinks (outer heat sinks) on the cooler box performance. Meanwhile, different heat sinks have different capacity to remove heat from the hot side of TE. Although the power used to operate the cooler box is the same, but different heat sinks employed may result in different performances. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of two different outer heat sinks on the cooler box performance.

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer

Available at www.ThermalFluidsCentral.org

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DOI: 10.5098/hmt.10.34

2

Table 1 COP reported in the literature

Ref. Volume

(m³)

∆T=TH – TC (°C)

Module power (W)- number

COP Hot side system Cold side system Abdul-Wahab et al.

(2009)

0.013 22 9.5-10 0.16 Air heat sink fan,

forced flow

Air heat sink fan, forced flow

Ananta et al. (2017) 0.033 18.6 12-2 0.33 Air heat sink fan Heat sink natural flow

Vian and Astrain (2008)

0.225 11.2 50-1 0.39 Phase change

Thermosypon

Thermosypon porous media

0.225 14.67 50-1 0.29 Phase change

Thermosypon Finned heat sink Min and Rowe

(2006) 0.115 10 52-1 0.3-0.5 Liquid heat exchanger Finned heat sink

0.04 16 120-1 0.2 Liquid heat exchanger Liquid heat exchanger

Jugsujinda et al.

(2011)

8.3x10^-5 17.6 - 0.1 Air flow Planar heat pipe

Tan and Zhao (2015)

0.225 18.9 50-2 0.23 Thermosypon with

two phase

Thermosypon with two phase and capillary lift and cold extender

2. RESEARCH METHOD 2.1 Experimental Facility and Method

The schematic diagram of the cooler box system is shown in Fig. 1. At the beginning of the experiment, all temperatures were the same as the ambient temperature. For simplifying the cooler box model, the cooler box was made of styrofoam materials. Such cooler box is usually used by fishermen when they are fishing. However, this box can also be utilized for cooling drinking water or soft drink or even ice creams.

Table 2 Specifications of heat sink fin-fan and double fan heat pipe Double fan heat pipe

Fan Speed: 800-1600±10% RPM

Voltage 12.13 V (measured)

Current 0.69 A (measured)

Fan Dimension: 120X120x25mm

Bearing type: Hydraulic

Feature: LED light cooling fan

Rated Power: DC 12V 0.69A

Power Connection: 3-Pin

Heat sink fin-fan

Bearing Type: Ball

Brand: Intel

MPN: C28085-001

Rated voltage and current 12 V, 0.13 A

All temperatures were measured using calibrated K-type thermocouples with an uncertainty of ± 0.5°C. While the power flowed to the thermoelectric was measured using a multimeter (model Professional Vichy Vc8145 Dmm Digital Bench Top Multimeter), see Fig. 2(d). The thermoelectric used was double plate thermoelectric (model TEC2-25408) as shown in Fig. 2(c). The material of the thermoelectric is ceramic (both surface), the semiconductor material (between two ceramic plates). The dimension of TE is 40 mm x 40 mm x 6.0 mm, and the TE contains 190 stacks of the P-N semiconductor junction. The rated voltage, current and power are 12-15.2 V, 8 A, and 65 W respectively. The maximum temperature difference is 80°C.

Meanwhile, the two types of the outer heat sink were heat sink fin-fan and double fan heat pipe, as shown in Fig. 2(a) and (b), and their specifications are shown in Table 2. The size of the cooler box was approximately of 285 mm x 245 mm x 200 mm, while the thickness of the box walls was 30 mm. Therefore, the volume of the cooler box is of 0.00489 m³.

Experiments were conducted using two different heat removal units, and the data were analyzed to determine the cooling capacities (QC) and the COP. After that, the QC and COP obtained using heat sink fin-fan unit are compared with those attained using the double fan heat pipe unit. All experiments were conducted under the same conditions. In addition, experiments investigating the effect of the thermoelectric power on the cooler box performances were also performed as additional information in this paper. The power used in this study were ranging from 1.04 W to 38.76 W, see Table 3.

Table 3 Volt, current and power tested Tested power variable:

Heat sink fin-fan

V(Volt) I(Ampere) Power (W)

1.93 0.54 1.04

5.26 1.58 8.32

8.00 2.40 19.20

8.85 2.68 23.68

10.86 2.95 38.76

Double fan heat pipe

V(Volt) I(Ampere) Power (W)

1.90 0.55 1.05

5.70 1.74 9.90

7.84 2.40 18.83

8.92 2.74 24.42

10.22 3.12 36.05

2.2 Heat Transfer Analysis

In this study, some equations are used to estimate the cooling capacity such as heat from the air inside the cooler box, heat conduction through the cooler box walls, COP. To estimate the air heat absorbed by the inner heat sink, an equation taken from Cengel (2003) can be utilized. This equation was also used by Ananta et al. (2017), Gokcek and Sahin (2017). Actually, this equation is an equation to predict the heat from the product in the refrigerator or cooler box. In this study, inside the cooler box is only air, therefore, the air represents the product owing mass and

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DOI: 10.5098/hmt.10.34

3

specific heat. The properties of the air at the atmospheric pressure can be seen in Cengel (2003).

 

) 1 ( ) (

) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) (

 



 



ti ti

Ti i cp mi Ti i cp mi dt

pT mc d dt

Q dE (1)

Where Q is the heat transfer rate from the air (product) inside the cooler box (W), m is the product mass (kg), cp is the specific heat of the air (product) (J/kg°C), T is the air temperature that is equal to the average temperature of the cooler box space (°C), and t is the time during the cooler box is operated (s).

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the experimental facility; (a) cooler box, (b) electrical circuit diagram, (c) the photograph of the test rig. Figure dimension is in mm but without scaling. TE (thermoelectric module).

 

x i Tin i To kA dx kAdT dt

dxdt kAdT d dt dE Qk



 





 

 





) ( )

( (2) The heat transfer area, the wall thickness, and the thermal conductivity do not change with the time. Tin is the inner wall temperature (°C), To is the outer wall temperature (°C) Then the power supplied to the thermoelectric, Pin, is evaluated as

in VI

P  (3)

Where Pin is the power supplied to the thermoelectric (W), V is the voltage (V), and I is the current (A). The cooling capacity is determined using Eq. (4). Eqs. (3) and (4) were also utilized in some papers to

calculate the power and the COP, e.g. Abdul-Wahab et al. (2009), Ananta et al. (2017), Cai et al. (2016), Wang et al. (2017).

Qk c Q

Q   (4)

Then, the experimental coefficient of performance of the cooler box can be expressed as:

VI Qc Pin Qc

COP  (5)

Where QC is the cooling capacity (W) that is equal to the amount of the heat absorbed by the inner heat sink and flowed toward the cold side of the thermoelectric.

Fig. 2 Heat sink; (a) heat sink fin-fan, (b) double fan heat pipe, (c) thermoelectric and (d) multimeter.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Temperatures and ∆T

This current study was intended to investigate the different performance of the thermoelectric cooler box using two different heat removal units.

However, the important things indicating the thermoelectric cooler box performances are the cooler box temperature and coefficient of performance (COP). Cooler box temperatures were measured for about 10000 s so that the transient trends of the temperature could be seen entirety, see figure 3. In general, figure 3 shows that increasing the power decreases the room temperatures. At the power of about 1 W, the room temperature that can be reached is around 18°C for the heat sink and fan (HSF), or 16°C for the double fan heat pipe (DFHP). All temperatures decrease with increasing observation time as also found by Totala et al.

(2014), Tan and Zhao (2015), Ananta et al. (2017). Using DFHP, the cooler box has lower temperatures at the same power, however, figure 3 may not be able to be used for making a conclusion about the use of HSF or DFHP. The reason is that the room temperature resulted depends on the hot side temperature as well. Higher hot side temperatures at the same given power may elevate the room temperature and vice versa.

Therefore, using temperature differences to assess the performance of the cooler box employing HSF and DFHP is more convenient.

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DOI: 10.5098/hmt.10.34

4

Fig. 3 Room temperatures at several powers; (a) heat sink and fan heat removal unit (HSF), (b) double fan heat pipe (heat removal unit DFHP).

From Fig. 4, it can be seen that at the same given power, using HSF results in higher ∆T. Meanwhile, based on the theory of thermoelectric, see Eq. (5), higher ∆T at the same power reduces the cooling capacity of the TE. http://www.ferrotec- nord.com/support /cho

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Table of Contents

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Gang Qiu

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K. Venkateswara Raju

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Geniy V. Kuznetsov , Alexander E.

CFD INVESTIGATIONS OF THERMAL AND DYNAMIC BEHAVIORS IN A TUBULAR HEAT EXCHANGER WITH BUTTERFLY BAFFLES

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Astick Banerjee