Kromatogram fraksi 3% MeOH:CHCl3.(a) (a) benzaldehyd,4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-, (b) 1-methylbutylhexadecanoat, (c) oliesyre, og (d) di-2-ethylhexyl phthalat. Senyawa fraksi 3% MeOH:CHCl3(a) benzaldehyd,4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-, (b) 1-methylbutylhexadecanoat, (c) oliesyre, og (d) di-2-ethylhexylphthalat.
Simpulan
THE USE OF LIGNIN MONOMER INSULATION IS THE RESULT OF THE BLACK LIQUID FROM EMPTY PALM OIL FORESTS AS PREBIOTICS. The content of lignin in black liquor has a complex structure that is difficult to degrade, so it has the potential to pollute the environment (Lara et al., 2003).
RESEARCH METHODS
Research Method
Each lignin monomer fraction was identified by TLC analysis and prebiotic activity was screened for Lactobacillus casei. The fraction that had the highest prebiotic activity was analyzed by GC-MS to determine the chemical composition.
Research Implementation
These results show that the lignin isolation fraction can be used as a dietary supplement that shows a prebiotic effect by supporting the growth of L. The results showed that the use of lignin in the alcell process (12.5 g) could increase the intestinal concentration of Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in broilers (Baurhoo et al., 2007).
PEMANFAATAN LINDI HITAM HASIL ISOLASI LIGNIN DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI ANTI MIKROBA
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi lignin monomer hasil degradasi dengan perlakuan 15% terhadap daya hambatnya sebagai antimikroba. Hasil isolasi lignin dapat dimanfaatkan secara komersial untuk pembuatan serat karbon, perekat, poliuretan, poliester, bioplastik dan bio-oil untuk campuran minyak bumi dari fosil, sebagai antibakteri dan antioksidan. Monomer lignin yang berasal dari tumbuhan berkayu mengandung fenol seperti carvacrol, timol dan sinamaldehida yang diduga dapat menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba, sehingga diharapkan dapat berfungsi sebagai agen yang memiliki kemampuan antimikroba sehingga dapat diharapkan sebagai pengganti obat sintetik atau penisilin yang kegunaannya. terlarang.
Lignin hasil isolasi residu pulp cair yang dihasilkan TKKS belum banyak diteliti terutama monomer dan senyawa yang dihasilkan karena perbedaan cara ekstraksi. Dengan mengetahui senyawa-senyawa yang dihasilkan khususnya golongan fenolik dan senyawa-senyawa yang bersifat anti mikroba, maka penelitian ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat selain untuk pemanfaatan limbah yang mencemari lingkungan, namun juga untuk pemanfaatan sumber daya lokal seperti tandan kosong sawit. untuk pengobatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik monomer lignin hasil isolasi dan menguji efektivitasnya sebagai antimikroba.
Metode penelitian
Pelaksanaan Penelitian A. Pemasakanpulp
EkstraksiPemurnianLignin
Uji antimikroba
Hasil dan Pembahasan
Aktivitas Antimikroba Fraksi 3% MeOH:CHCl 3 terhadap Eschericia coli
Adanya senyawa antioksidan dan antibakteri pada fraksi lignin hasil isolasi dapat menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba. Komponen antibakteri seperti golongan benzena yang memiliki sifat antibakteri (Bartolomeazzi et al., 2007), seperti asam 1,2-benzenedikarboksilat, bis(2-metilpropil) ester, asam benzenapropanoat, 3,5-bis (1,1 -dimetiletil)-4-hidroksi-, metil ester. Penghambatan bakteri terjadi karena fenol menyerang sel vegetatif prenatal dan menekan protein dalam sel mikroba serta interaksi antara ikatan hidrogen dan protein yang membentuk enzim (Panagan dan Syarif, 2009; Saravanakumar et al., 2009).
Senyawa fenolik dari lignin dapat merusak dinding mikroba dan menyebabkan lisis bakteri yang diikuti pelepasan isi sel (Sabu, 2011). Suzuki dkk (1988) menunjukkan bahwa senyawa di-2-etilheksil ftalat dapat bereaksi dengan sisi hidrofobik membran sel sehingga menyebabkan terganggunya permeabilitas membran sel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pemurnian menggunakan fraksi MeOH:CHCl3 3% pada konsentrasi 12,5 dan 15% mempunyai aktivitas antimikroba yang sama dan tertinggi terhadap E. coli.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Naskah artikel
Bukti sedang direview
It is a component of lignocellulose, which is known to have effects of prebiotic and antimicrobial activity due to its nature, which is difficult to digest and consists of phenolpropanoid compounds. This study aims to look at and identify the results of lignin purification and activity test as a prebiotic. The lignin fraction identification technique was performed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
Currently, there are people who want to use black liquor as a raw material for lignin (Min et al., 2013). 2016) showed that lignin can be used as a prebiotic that is believed to have an antimicrobial effect by reducing the growth rate of pathogenic bacteria in bovine arumen. Prebiotic is a dietary component that is beneficial to humans because it can stimulate the growth and activity of a number of probiotic bacteria in the colon, so that it can improve the health of the human digestive tract (Toma and Pokrotnieks, 2006).
RESEARCH METHODS Tools and Materials
- Research Implementation Lignin degradation
According to Baurhoo et al. 2008), the product of purified lignin tested has a prebiotic effect. The aim of this study is to identify the components contained in lignin purification products by means of thin layer chromatography (TLC), chromatography column and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and prebiotic activity testing. 3 The tools used were oven, Buchner funnel, silica gel 60 F254 thin layer chromatography plate, column chromatography, chamber, autoclave, micropipette, incubator, calipers, capillary pipette, gas chromatography mass spectrometer (Variant / CP-3800 GC and Saturn 2200 MS 2200 ) , and supportive glasses.
Furthermore, the fractions that had the highest prebiotic activity at various concentrations of and 15% were made to be tested for antimicrobial and prebiotic activity for 3 replications. Lignin obtained from black liquor obtained after the pulp has been boiled with the raw material of oil palm empty bunches precipitated and degraded with CuSO4, pridin and H2O2.
Lignin Purification Faction
Lignin Fraction Identification
Lactobacillus casei, which had been refreshed on MRSB media, was diluted as much as 0.05 ml in 4.95 ml of physiological solution. Then, 1 ml of physiological solution was inoculated into MRSA media and then poured into 20 Petri dishes; 19.5;
RESULT AND DISCUSSION Lignin Isolation
This is presumed because it did not add acid to the precipitation process of lignin isolates.
Lignin Monomer Fraction Screening for Lactobacillus Casei
Identification of 3% MeOH:CHCl 3 fraction compound content
Fraction chromatogram 3% MeOH:CHCl3 (a) benzaldehyde,4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-. b) 1-methylbutyl hexadecanoate, (c) oleic acid and (d) di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate. The compound structure of the 3% MeOH:CHCl3 fraction is shown in Figure 4 and the identification results are shown in Table 3. Fraction compound of 3% MeOH:CHCl3 (a) benzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-, . b) 1-methylbutyl hexadecanoate, (c) oleic acid, (d) di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate.
Prebiotic Activity of 3% MeOH:CHCl 3 fractionagainst Lactobacillus casei
11 The growth of Lactobacillus casei for each concentration of the 3% MeOH:CHCl3 fraction can be seen in Figure 5. The effect of some concentrations of the 3% MeOH:CHCl3 fraction as a prebiotic on the number of Lactobacillus casei microbes. The results of the prebiotic activity analysis of the 3% MeOH:CHCl3 fraction showed that the more concentrations added to the growth medium, the greater the growth of L.
Baurhoo et al., (2007) claims that lignin monomer in the alkylysis process has the ability as a prebiotic. 2016) reported that the formacell purification product of lignin from oil palm hollow bunches and oligomers that are phenolic compounds showed a prebiotic effect that could stimulate the growth of lactic acid bacteria. This shows that the fraction isolated from lignin and its derivatives can replace glucose in the MRS medium and can be used as an energy source for L. An increase in the number of microbiota ranges from 10-100 times in feces (Salminen and Lee, 2009 ).
CONCLUSION
13 lactulose, inulin, resistant starch and a number of oligosaccharides that can provide a source of carbohydrates for beneficial bacteria in the digestive tract (Crittenden, 1999). Substrates such as inulin, fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and manan-oligosaccharides (MOS) derived from yeast cells, digestion can not only be hydrolyzed by endogenous enzymes, but also absorbed by the host. The possible mechanisms would lower pH due to production of short chain fatty acids, secretion of bacteriocin and immune stimulation. MOS as a prebiotic has a different mechanism that selectively does not increase the population of beneficial bacteria, through its ability to attach to specific manosaic lectins of type 1 fimbriae-negative G pathogens such as Salmonella and E.
Similar to the effects of MOS and antibiotic-free diet supplemented with 1.25% alcellular lignin (LL) on lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, lignin at low levels has the potential to be classified as a prebiotic (Baurhoo et al., 2007). Proliferation of gastrointestinal microbiota populations such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria can be enhanced through the consumption of prebiotics.
Artikel yang terbit
TKKS mempunyai kandungan selulosa sebesar 50%, lignin 16% dan hemiselulosa 19,6% sehingga TKKS berpotensi untuk dijadikan alternatif produksi pulp non kayu pengganti pulp kayu (Hidayati et al., 2017). Jumlah gugus metoksil pada lignin bergantung pada sumber lignin dan proses isolasi yang digunakan (Ayyachamy et al., 2013). Hasil isolasi lignin dapat dimanfaatkan secara komersial untuk membuat serat karbon, perekat, poliuretan, poliester, bioplastik dan bio-oil untuk campuran minyak fosil, sebagai anti bakteri dan antioksidan (Bonini et al., 2005; Kleinert dan Barth, 20087 ; Xu et al., 2005; Kleinert dan Barth, 20087; Xu et al., 2005; Kleinert dan Barth, 20087; al., 2006; Ayyachamy et al., 2013).
Senyawa fenolik ini juga tidak dapat digunakan sebagai sumber karbon untuk pertumbuhan bakteri patogen dan diduga mempunyai efek antimikroba dengan menurunkan laju pertumbuhan bakteri patogen (Prayuwidayati et al., 2016; Lee et al., 2004; Bozin et al., 2016; Lee et al., 2004; al., 2006). Senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid hasil pemecahan monomer lignin dari tanaman kayu lunak mempunyai sifat antimikroba dan antibiotik (Baurhoo et al., 2008). Keunggulan lignin sebagai agen antimikroba adalah bersifat terbarukan, mudah terurai oleh lingkungan dan melimpah di alam (Mollahosseini et al., 2012; Bakkali et al., 2008).
Pelaksanaan Penelitian 1. Pemasakan pulp
- Ekstraksi Pemurnian Lignin
- Uji antimikroba
Lignin hasil isolasi limbah pulp cair yang dihasilkan oleh TKKS belum banyak diteliti terutama kegunaannya sebagai antimikroba, sehingga diharapkan penelitian ini dapat bermanfaat selain pemanfaatan limbah pencemar.
Pengamatan
Aktivitas antimikroba fraksi MeOH:CHCl3 3% terhadap bakteri Eschericia coli. Masing-masing fraksi diteteskan sesuai konsentrasinya pada bagian atas paper disc yang diletakkan di permukaan Nutrient Agar sebagai media pertumbuhan Eschericia coli dalam petri. piring Fraksi MeOH:CHCl3 3% pada konsentrasi 12,5 dan 15% mempunyai aktivitas antimikroba yang sama dan tertinggi terhadap E. coli dengan diameter zona hambat 6,33 mm, sedangkan aktivitas antimikroba terendah terhadap E. coli 3% MeOH :CHCl3 . fraksi.. pada konsentrasi 2,5% dengan diameter zona hambat 5,17 mm. Hasil serupa juga ditunjukkan oleh Alzagameem et al., 2019) yang menyatakan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi lignin dapat meningkatkan aktivitas gugus fungsi seperti OH alifatik, karbonil CO dan COOH, sedangkan lignin konsentrasi kecil tidak mampu berperan sebagai antimikroba pada E. .Koli. 125 Adanya senyawa antioksidan dan antibakteri yang terkandung dalam fraksi lignin hasil isolasi dapat menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba.
Hasil isolasi lignin mengandung senyawa antimikroba yaitu Benzaldehyde,4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxysebesar, m-anisic acid,3,4-dichlorophenyl ester, phenol,2-methyltetramethylbutyl), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate sebesar 31.25% dan 9-hexadecenoic acid , methyl ester,(Z)-. Characterization of the volatile composition of essential oils of some Lamiaceae herbs and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of all oils. The potential use of lignin in animal nutrition and in modifying intestinal microbial ecology.
