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133 (1570231549): Multi Units of Single Phase Distributed Generation Combined with Battery Energy Storage for Phase Power Balancing in Distribution Network
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G ENERATION C OMBINED WITH B ATTERY E NERGY S TORAGE FOR P HASE P OWER
Electrical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya Indonesia
Electrical Engineering Department, University of Bhayangkara, Surabaya Indonesia
Abstract
- INTRODUCTION
- MODELLING OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
- Photovoltaic Array Model
- Battery Model
- Battery Energy Storage
- Single Phase PV Generator Model
- Voltage and Current Unbalance
- Results and Discussion
- CONCLUSION
The proposed system uses battery energy storage and bidirectional three-phase inverter for improving power quality issues. The circuit is then combined with battery energy storage and then fed into the distribution network through the two-phase three-phase inverter. Proposed multi-unit model of distributed single-phase PV generators for balancing phase power with battery energy storage.
Phase current of three-phase four-wire distribution network on PCC bus before multi-units of single-phase PV DGs combined with BES. Phase current of three-phase four-wire distribution network on PCC bus after multi-units of single-phase PV DGs combined with BES. Phase voltage of three-phase four-wire distribution network on PCC bus before multi-units of single-phase PV DGs combined with BES.
Phase voltage of four-wire three-phase distribution network at PCC bus after multiple units of single-phase PV DGs combined with BES. From Figures 7, 8, 10 and 11, we obtain the phase current and voltage of the four-wire three-phase network at the PCC bus before and after many units of single-phase PV DGs combined with battery energy storage and two-phase three-phase inverter. The research also investigates the impact of combining multiple units of single-phase PV DGs with battery energy storage on power quality in low-voltage three-phase 220 volt and 50 Hz distribution line wires.
Harmonic current spectrum (phase A) in a three-phase four-wire network on the PCC bus after several units of single-phase PV DGs combined with BES. The PCC bus, before and after several units of single-phase PV DG combined with battery energy storage and three single-phase bi-directional inverters started to rise from 38.96% to 39.08%. This paper also presented the impact of the combination of several units of single-phase PV distributed generators with battery energy storage on the quality of electricity in a three-phase four-wire distribution network.
Acknowledgment
Both the average voltage harmonic value (THDV) exceeded the 5% harmonic voltage limit based on IEEE Standard 519-1992. A method for balancing the line current and line voltage as a result of a multiple unit of single-phase PV DGs in the family randomly installed on the low-voltage three-phase four-phase 220 V and 50 Hz distribution line using storage of battery power and three-phase single-phase bidirectional inverter is presented in this paper. From the analysis, the combination of multiple units of single-phase PV DGs with battery energy storage and three-phase bidirectional inverter in the four-phase three-wire distribution network able to reduce the unbalanced line current from 15.39% to 11.48% and the unbalance voltage of the line from 1.76% to 0.58%.
Reviewed by power quality parameters, the combination of a large number of single PV DG units with battery energy storage and three-phase bidirectional inverter in the three-phase four-wire distribution network, able to increase the average current harmonic from 0.98 % to 1.03% and harmonic mean voltage from 38.96%.
D ISTRIBUTED G ENERATION C OMBINED WITH B ATTERY E NERGY S TORAGE FOR
Electrical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember,
Electrical Engineering Study Program,
Research has been conducted on the modeling and analysis of single-phase PV generator connected to the three-phase four-wire grid, three-phase DC/AC inverter-powered battery energy storage. The paper presents a balance between phase current and voltage due to the presence of multiple units of single-phase PV distributed generators (DGs) randomly installed in large quantities in the three-phase four-wire distribution network. The circuit consists of multi-circuit models, with four single-phase PV generators, a buck-boost DC/DC converter, and a single-phase DC/AC converter (Figure 1).
This research also examines the impact of the integration of four single-phase PV distributed generators feeding battery power on the power quality (harmonic current and voltage) on the side of a three-phase four-wire distribution network. Analysis of current unbalance, voltage unbalance and power quality is performed before and after four single-phase PV generators combined with battery energy storage through three single-phase bi-directional converters. The circuit consists of a photovoltaic array, a boost-buck converter circuit and a single-phase DC/AC converter.
Based on the maximum current and voltage on phase A, B and C, we obtain the current and voltage unbalance value of the three-phase four-wire network on the PCC bus before and after several units of a single-phase PV generator combined with battery energy storage and three single-phase two-way inverters, the results of which are shown in Table 2. According to the situation after several units of single PV DG combined with battery energy storage and three single-phase bi-directional converters, the peak current in phase A, B and C are 40, 36 and 46 amperes respectively, which reduces the unbalance current to 11 ,48. Provided that several units of single-phase PV distributed generators combined with battery energy storage and three single-phase bi-directional converters are achieved, the maximum voltage on phase A, B and C is 290, 295 and 290 volts respectively, as well as the result of reducing the unbalanced grid voltage by 0.58%.
The research also investigates the impact of combining multiple units of single-phase PV DGs with battery energy storage on power quality in low-voltage three-phase four-wire 220 volt, 50 Hz distribution line. Reviewed by power quality parameters, the combination of multiple units of PV DG units with battery energy storage and three-phase bidirectional inverter in three-phase four-wire distribution network, able to increase the average current harmonic from 0.98% to 1, 03% and harmonic mean voltage from 38.96%. Line current and voltage unbalance of three-phase four-wire distribution network at PCC bus before and after multiple units of single-phase PV DGs combined with battery energy storage.
C5 LLI
WITH B ATTERY E NERGY S TORAGE FOR
Department of Electrical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember,
Study Program of Electrical Engineering, University of Bhayangkara, Surabaya Indonesia
However, the system only discussed power balancing and did not focus on unbalanced voltage. The phase power method is done to balance the use of artificial intelligence in diesel-battery hybrid system [5]. The unbalanced current and voltage is controlled by a four-arm inverter, which is supplied by batteries or renewable energy sources.
However, this study did not include a detailed discussion of methods to balance the current and voltage phases between the PV generator and the grid [6]. Research on the battery energy storage to control the power balance between the PV generator and the non-linear load grid considering the power quality parameter on the PCC point bus has been carried out by [7]. The weakness of this study only considers the impact of the hybrid PV/battery integration system against the current harmonics.
METHODOLOGY
- Voltage and Current Unbalance
The models describe the battery in great detail using a set of six coupled differential equations. Circuit models of the internal resistance and transient behavior of a battery using a series and two branch RC circuit. Equivalent circuit of the second-order Randall model Figure 4 [6] shows the second-order Randall model circuit, where Ro is the internal resistance of the battery terminal and the connections between the cells.
The battery model takes into account the battery's state of charge (SOC) and depth of charge (DOC). Where the first branch R1 and C1 are connected to the SOC of the battery, the second branch R2 and C2 are connected to the DOC of the battery. When the bi-directional converter is used to charge the battery's energy storage, the bi-directional converter operates in buck mode or lowers the voltage.
When bidirectional converter is used to discharge the battery energy storage, the bidirectional converter works as boost mode or increases the voltage. Bi-directional inverter has two switches that are used to turn buck or boost mode and change the direction of current flow that charges and discharges the battery. Battery energy storage circuit is shown in Figure 5. Equation 9 and 10 are used to model bidirectional converter in continuous Conduction mode [8,9].
In this paper, the battery energy storage functions to balance line current and voltage in three-phase four-wire low-voltage 220 volt 50 hz distribution network by compensating the unbalance current of each phase. The operation of battery energy storage is regulated according to energy management system before and after it is connected to three-phase four-wire low-voltage distribution network. The battery energy storage functions to balance the power of each phase so that the grid still supplies the balance power to three-phase four-wire low-voltage distribution network [9].
![Figure 4. Equivalent circuit of 2 nd order Randle model Figure 4 [6] shows a second order Randle model circuit where R o is the internal resistance of the battery’s terminal and inter-cell connections](https://thumb-ap.123doks.com/thumbv2/123dok/10819741.0/23.918.479.822.463.684/figure-equivalent-circuit-randle-internal-resistance-terminal-connections.webp)
![Figure 4. Equivalent circuit of 2 nd order Randle model Figure 4 [6] shows a second order Randle model circuit where R o is the internal resistance of the battery’s terminal and inter-cell connections](https://thumb-ap.123doks.com/thumbv2/123dok/10819741.0/30.918.477.839.461.685/figure-equivalent-circuit-randle-internal-resistance-terminal-connections.webp)
