MATRICULATION PROGRAM
GRAMMAR
Authored by Adi Yusuf, S.S., M.Pd
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION
FACULTY OF BUSINESS, LANGUAGES, AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF PESANTREN TINGGI DARUL ‘ULUM
JOMBANG
2023
Simple Present...1
Nominal Sentences in Simple Present...3
Present Progressive...6
Present Perfect...10
Nominal Sentences in Present Perfect...12
Simple Past...15
Nominal Sentences in Simple Past Simple Past...17
Past Progressive...20
Modal Auxiliaries...22
Using the Verb ‘want’...24
Meeting 1
Simple Present
Definition: The simple present is a verb tense that is used to describe actions or states that are regular, habitual, or generally true in the present. It is one of the most basic and frequently used tenses in English.
Formula:
Affirmative (Positif): Subject + Base Form of the Verb + Object/Complement.
Example: They read books.
He plays the guitar.
Negative: Subject + Do/Does + Not + Base Form of the Verb + Object/Complement.
Example: He does not eat meat.
They do not like spicy food.
Interrogative: Do/Does + Subject + Base Form of the Verb + Object/Complement + ? Example: Do you like ice cream?
Does she like horror movies?
Third Person Singular: When the subject is he, she, or it, we add '-s' or '-es' to the base form of the verb.
Usage:
Habitual Actions: The simple present is often used to describe actions that are routine or habitual.
Example: I go to the gym every morning.
General Truths: It is used to state facts or general truths that are always true.
Example: The Earth revolves around the sun.
Scheduled Events: It can be used to express scheduled events in the future when combined with time expressions.
Example: The train leaves at 9:00 AM tomorrow.
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The simple present is often used with time expressions such as:
Every day, every week, every month, every year Always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never
On Mondays, on weekends, in the morning, in the evening.
Practice:
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the simple present tense.
1. She _______________ (read) a book every evening.
2. They _______________ (not, watch) TV in the morning.
3. _______________ he _______________ (like) coffee?
4. Azar _______________ (not, speak) Arabic.
5. The beggar (come) _____________________ to this market once a week.
Create 5 sentences of your own using the simple present.
1. ………...
2. ………..
3. ………..
4. ………..
5. ………..
Meeting 2
Nominal Sentences in Simple Present
Definition: The simple present is a verb tense that is used to describe actions or states that are regular, habitual, or generally true in the present. It is one of the most basic and frequently used tenses in English.
Nominal sentences in the simple present are sentences that focus on the subject and use a nominal predicate, which typically consists of a noun or pronoun, an adjective, or an adverb, to identify or to describe the subject. These sentences are often used to express facts, general truths, or ongoing states of being in the present.
The formula of a nominal sentence in the simple present is:
Subject + to be (is, am, are) + a noun/ an adjective/ an adverb.
Here are some examples:
She is a doctor.
He is a lecturer.
The flowers are beautiful.
My car is red.
The students are in the library.
English is an international language.
These examples showcase how nominal sentences in the present tense describe or identify the subject without using a verb to indicate action. Instead, they rely on adjectives or nouns or adverbs to convey information about the subject.
Practice:
Complete the sentences with the correct form of be verbs (to be) in the simple present.
1. She _______________ my English teacher.
2. They ______________ in the living room.
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4. Why ____________ she absent from work now?
5. The children ________________ in the yard now.
Create 5 nominal sentences of your own using the simple present tense.
1. ………...
2. ………..
3. ………..
4. ………..
5. ………..
Meeting 3
Exercise
I. Complete the sentences with the correct form of verbs or be verbs (to be) in the simple present.
1. He _________________ (have) a very nice garden.
2. Mr. Smith ________________ (not, teach) Biology.
3. __________ he _______________ (take) a bus to go to campus everyday?
4. John and Tom __________________ my best friends.
5. My little brother __________________ (have) two rabbits and five goldfish.
6. Why ______________ you interested in Korean movies?
7. Where ________________ my book and pencil?
8. How much _______________ this mobile phone cost?
9. Ardi and his brother _____________________ (not, like) to play football.
10. ___________________ you like fried chicken?
II. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs or be verbs (to be) in the simple present.
The Orangutan _______ a species of the ape; it (have) ____________ long arms and hands, with very long fingers. It ________ much larger than the ape, and some have been found about six feet high, when standing.
It _______ capable of walking nearly erect; but the usual gait on the ground ________
like a cripple who (support) ____________ himself on his hands, and (draw) _________________ his body forward.
Its home, like the monkey family, (seem) __________ to be on the trees. The hair ________ of a brownish red color, and (cover) _____________ his back, arms, legs, and the outside of his hands and feet.
The face (have) ____________ no hair except whiskers on its side. He (inhabit) ______________ Malacca, Cochin China, and particularly the island of Borneo.
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Present Progressive
Definition: The progressive tense, also known as the continuous tense, is a verb tense used to describe actions that are ongoing, in progress, or happening at a specific moment in time. It is formed by using a form of the verb "to be" (am, is, are, was, were) followed by the present participle (the base form of the verb + -ing). The progressive tense indicates that an action is not completed but is happening continuously or temporarily.
Formula for Creating the Present Progressive:
Affirmative: Subject + am/is/are + verb (base form + -ing) e.g. They are watching TV.
Negative: Subject + am not/isn't/aren't + verb (base form + -ing) e.g. She isn't eating dinner.
Interrogative: Am/Is/Are + subject + verb (base form + -ing)?
e.g. Are you studying for the exam?
Usage of the Present Progressive:
1. This tense is used to describe actions happening at the present moment or actions that are ongoing in the present. It talks about an activity now.
e.g. She is reading a book now. (This action is happening right now.)
2. This tense is used to talk about an activity around now, in this period of time.
e.g. Mrs. Rosie is working night shift this week
3. This tense can also be used to indicate planned arrangements for the future.
e.g. When is the doctor coming to see you?
Complete the following with the appropriate form of ‘be verb’.
1. What ______ you doing right now?
2. ________ you working on any projects at the moment?
3. Who _________ cooking dinner tonight?
4. Why __________ she laughing so loudly?
5. When ___________ they arriving at the airport?
6. Why ___________ the children playing in the garden?
7. Who ___________ singing in the shower?
8. Lisa: Hey, Sarah! What _________ you doing right now?
9. Sarah: Hi, Lisa! I ________ actually working on some reports for work. Come on in!
10. Lisa: That sounds busy. Is anyone else home?
11. Sarah: No, it's just me right now. My brother is in the kitchen. He ____ cooking dinner tonight.
Create 5 sentences of your own using the present progressive.
1. ………...
2. ………..
3. ………..
4. ………..
5. ………..
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Exercise
1. Use the Simple Present or the Present Progressive in the following.
1. She __________ (read) a book every evening.
2. They usually __________ (play) soccer on Saturdays.
3. Right now, he __________ (watch) his favorite TV show.
4. We __________ (go) to the gym twice a week.
5. I often __________ (cook) dinner for my family.
6. My dog __________ (bark) loudly when strangers approach.
7. He __________ (study) for his exams at the moment.
8. The sun __________ (rise) in the east.
9. They __________ (travel) to different countries every summer.
10. We __________ (swim) in the pool every afternoon.
11. The cat __________ (sleep) peacefully on the couch.
12. I usually __________ (run) in the park in the mornings.
13. He __________ (play) the guitar very well.
14. Right now, I __________ (write) a letter to my friend.
15. The kids __________ (build) a sandcastle on the beach at present.
16. She always __________ (wear) a red dress to parties.
17. It __________ (rain) outside, so we can't go for a walk.
18. He __________ (talk) to his boss about a promotion now.
19. She ___________ (seem) to be very tired today.
20. A year __________ (have) twelve months.
2. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of ‘auxiliary’ or ‘be verbs’ (to be) in the following.
1. __________ you going to the party tonight?
2. Where __________ she right now?
3. __________ it your favorite book?
4. What __________ they doing in the garden?
5. What __________ it mean?
6. Why __________ he so quiet today?
7. The flowers __________ beautiful in the garden.
8. How often __________ you watch TV in a week?
9. The weather __________ lovely today.
10. __________ she listening to music right now?
11. My best friend __________ very supportive.
12. __________ they playing basketball in the park?
13. That __________ your car over there.
14. Why __________ you so tired?
15. The cake __________ delicious!
16. What __________ you reading at the moment?
17. These cookies __________ freshly baked.
18. __________ she always work late?
19. The baby __________ adorable in that outfit.
20. Where __________ he live?
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Present Perfect
Definition: The present perfect tense is a verb tense used to express actions that are completed at the present moment but have a connection to the past. It is often used to emphasize the result or completion of an action rather than the specific time when it occurred.
Formula for Creating the Present Progressive:
The present perfect tense is formed by using the verb "have" or "has") followed by the past participle.
Positive Form: Subject + has/have + past participle e.g. I have visited Australia.
Negative Form: Subject + has/have + not + past participle e. g. She has not finished her homework.
Question Form: Has/have + subject + past participle?
e.g. Have you seen that movie before?
Usage of the Present Progressive:
1. Completed Actions with Relevance to the Present: Present perfect is used when the action started in the past and has relevance or importance in the present. It often answers the question "What have you done recently?".
Example: "I have read three books this month."
2. Unspecified Time in the Past: When you want to talk about an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past, and the exact time is not important.
Example: "She has traveled to many countries."
3. Experiences: Present perfect can be used to talk about experiences in life.
Example: "I have never eaten sushi."
4. Multiple Actions in the Past: When you want to emphasize the number of times an action has occurred up to the present.
Example: "They have visited that museum several times."
5. Actions That Started in the Past and Continue to the Present: When an action started in the past and is still ongoing.
Example: "I have lived in this city for five years."
Time Signal:
Ever/never: Often used in questions and negatives for experiences.
Example: "Have you ever visited Bali?"
Since/for: Indicate the duration or starting point of an action.
Example: "I have known her since 2021." (Starting point) Example: "I haven’t seen you for a week." (Duration)
Recently/lately: Indicate actions that happened in the recent past.
Example: "I have seen her lately."
Remember that the choice between the simple past and present perfect depends on the context and whether the time signal is specified or not. The present perfect emphasizes the connection between the past and the present, while the simple past focuses on actions completed at a specific point in the past.
Use the Present Perfect to complete the following sentences.
1. They ____________ (finish) the project on time.
2. ___________ she ____________ (read) the new novel by her favorite author?
3. How long ___________ you _____________ (know) your best friend?
4. We _________________ (receive, not) any news about the job offer.
5. She __________ (visit, not) her grandparents yet.
6. ___________ he _________________(win, ever) a championship in tennis?
7. He ___________ (work) in the company for five years.
Create 5 sentences of your own using the present perfect.
1. ………...
2. ………..
3. ………..
4. ………..
5. ………..
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Nominal Sentences in Present Perfect
Definition: The present perfect tense is a verb tense used to express actions that are completed at the present moment but have a connection to the past. It is often used to emphasize the result or completion of an action rather than the specific time when it occurred.
Formula for Creating the Present Progressive in Nominal Sentences:
Positive Form: Subject + has/have + been + a noun/ an adjective/ an adverb.
Negative Form: Subject + has/have + not + been + a noun/ an adjective/ an adverb.
Question Form: Has/have + subject + been + a noun/ an adjective/ an adverb?
Examples:
I have been a member of this organization for years.
Her father has been sick since 1990.
We have been here for two hours.
Complete following sentences using the present perfect.
1. They (not) ___________________ employees at this company for long.
2. ___________ she ____________ a reliable employee at the company?
3. ________________ (ever, you) _______________ to Bali so far?
4. He _____________________ a teacher for a long time?
5. _________(never, you) _______________ a part of any sport team?
Create 5 sentences of your own using nominal sentences of the present perfect.
1. ………...
2. ………..
3. ………..
4. ………..
5. ………..
Meeting 8 Exercise
I. Use the Present Perfect to complete the following sentences. Pay attention to the verbal and nominal sentences.
1. ____________ you ever ___________ (travel) to Europe?
2. I (ever) _____________ to New York City. _________ (ever, you)___________
there too?
3. We ____________ (successfully, complete) the first phase of the plan.
4. They _____________(see, not) that movie yet. __________ you __________(watch) it?
5. ____________you ever ____________ (try) rock climbing?
6. We ____________(make) a lot of progress in solving this problem.
7. I ________________ (ever, travel) to foreign countries many times.
8. How many books __________ you __________(read) so far this year?
9. ___________ you _________ (meet) any famous people in your life?
10. ___________you __________ (finish) your homework yet?
II. Complete the following dialogue using the present perfect.
Emma: Hi Mark! Long time no see. How _____ you ______?
Mark: Hey Emma! I _____________ good, thanks. How about you?
Emma: I ____________ great too. You know, I ________ recently _________ (start) a new job at a marketing agency.
Mark: That's awesome, Emma! How's it going so far?
Emma: It _______________ really exciting. I _____________ (learn) a lot and met some fantastic people. By the way, _________ you____________ (hear) from Sarah lately?
Mark: Oh, yes! I _________. She and I _____________ in touch. She's been traveling around Europe for the past few months. She ___________ (visit) Spain, Italy, and France.
Emma: Wow, that sounds amazing. I always want to travel like that.
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_________ you ________________(see) our old college friend, Alex, recently?
Emma: Actually, I ________________ (see, not) Alex in years. We___________ (lost) touch.
Mark: Well, he's been living in a different city for a while now. He got a job there and _____________(not) back in ages.
Emma: I see. Time really flies, doesn't it?
Mark: It sure does. Anyway, we should catch up more often. How about we grab a coffee this weekend?
Emma: Sounds like a plan, Mark. I'd love to!
Meeting 9
Simple Past
Definition: The simple past is a verb tense used to describe actions or events that happened in the past and are now completed. It is used to express actions that occurred at a specific time in the past and do not continue into the present.
Formula:
Affirmative (Positif): Subject + verb (past form) + object/ complement.
Examples: She played tennis yesterday.
He ate pizza last night.
Negative: Subject + did + Not + Base Form of the Verb + Object/Complement.
Examples: They didn't watch the movie last week.
She didn't go to the party yesterday.
Interrogative: Did + Subject + Base Form of the Verb + Object/Complement + ? Examples: Did you visit the museum last year?
Did he swim in the lake two days ago?
Usage:
1. Completed Actions: The simple past is used to describe actions or events that have already happened and are no longer happening in the present
Example: She graduated last year.
2. Sequential Actions: It is used to show a series of past actions that occurred one after the other.
Example: I woke up, had breakfast, and went to work.
3. Past Habits: When talking about past habits or routines, the simple past can be used with adverbs like "always," "often," "usually," etc.
Example: He always ate breakfast at 7 AM.
4. Past Facts or Generalizations: It can be used to state facts or general truths about the past.
Example: The Titanic sank in 1912.
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(specific day), When I was a child, Once upon a time, Two days ago, Last night, At that moment.
Practice:
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the simple past.
1. ___________she herself _________(bake) a cake for the party last night?
2. They _____________ (not, travel) to Europe last summer.
3. A:__________ you ___________ (meet) your old friends at the reunion last week?
B: Sure, I _______________ (meet) many of them and I was very happy.
4. They _______________ (visit) the museum last weekend.
5. He _____________ (study) hard for the exam last night.
6. ________________ you ____________(not, go) to the concert last night?
7. We ______________ (attend) our friend’s birthday party three days ago.
Create 5 sentences of your own using the simple past.
1. ………...
2. ………..
3. ………..
4. ………..
5. ………..
Meeting 10
Nominal Sentences in Simple Past Simple Past
Definition: The simple past is a verb tense used to describe actions or events that happened in the past and are now completed. It is used to express actions that occurred at a specific time in the past and do not continue into the present.
Nominal sentences in the simple past are sentences that focus on the subject and use a nominal predicate, which typically consists of a noun or pronoun, an adjective, or an adverb, to identify or to describe the subject.
Formula:
Subject + to be (was, were) + a noun/ an adjective/ an adverb.
Examples:
I was very happy to get the gift from you last night.
Were you at home yesterday?
Who was the leader of the team last week?
Practice:
Complete the sentences with the correct form of be verbs (to be) in the simple present.
1. Why ____________ you absent from work last week?
2. The children ________________ in the yard yesterday.
3. _____________ they still awake at midnight?
4. There ______________ a lot of children in the park two hours ago.
5. Ten years ago, he _____________ an employee in the company, but now he is a lecturer.
Create 5 nominal sentences of your own using the simple past.
1. ………...
2. ………..
3. ………..
4. ………..
5. ………..
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Exercise
I. Use the Simple Past to complete the following sentences. Pay attention to the verbal and nominal sentences.
1. Who ______________ (win) the game last night?
2. Where ___________you __________ (go) on your last vacation?
3. ____________ they_____________ (not, watch) the movie last weekend?
4. ___________ the book interesting to the read?
5. It _____________ (rain) again last night?
6. ____________ the delay cause any problems?
7. How long ___________ it __________ (take) you to complete the assignment yesterday.
8. She _____________ (forget) her keys again last week.
9. _______ the surprise ________ (make) him curious to know who _________ (send) it?
10. ___________ his promotion __________ (bring) him happiness?
II. Complete the following dialogue using the simple past. Pay attention to the verbal and nominal sentences.
Sarah: Hey, John! How _________ your vacation last week?
John: It _____ amazing! The weather ______perfect, and the beaches _________
beautiful.
Sarah: That sounds wonderful. Where _______ you ________ (go)?
John: I _________ (go) to Hawaii with my family. We ________ (stay) in a beachfront villa.
Sarah: That sounds luxurious. What activities _______ you ________ (do)?
John: We ________ (go) snorkeling, hiking, and even ________ (take) a helicopter tour of the islands. It ______________ such an adventurous trip.
Sarah: I'm so jealous. _________ you ________ (try) any local cuisine?
John: Yes, we _________ (have) some delicious seafood and traditional Hawaiian dishes. The food ___________ fantastic.
Sarah: ________ you_________ (meet) any interesting people during your trip? I love hearing about the people you meet when traveling.
John: We ________ (meet) a couple from Australia, and they ________ really friendly.
We ______________(exchange) travel stories over dinner one night.
Sarah: It must have been a memorable vacation. I can't wait to see your photos.
John: Absolutely, I'll show you the pictures when we meet up. It ________ one of the best vacations I've ever had.
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Past Progressive
Definition: Past progressive, also known as past continuous, is a verb tense used in English to describe actions or events that were ongoing or in progress at a specific point in the past.
Formula for Creating the Past Progressive:
Affirmative: Subject + was/were + verb (base form + -ing) + complements e.g. I was doing my homework when it began to rain.
Negative: Subject + wasn't/weren't + verb (base form + -ing) + complements e.g. She was not watching TV when we came.
Interrogative: Was/ were + subject + verb (base form + -ing) + complements?
e.g. Were you talking to your sister when I rang you last night?
Usage of the Past Progressive:
1. Actions in Progress in the Past: Past progressive is used to describe actions or events that were ongoing at a specific time in the past.
Example: "At nine o’clock last night, I was studying English."
Last week at this time, the children were playing in this yard.
2. Parallel Actions: It is used when two or more actions were happening simultaneously in the past.
Example: "While she was cooking dinner, he was watching TV."
3. Interrupted Actions: Past progressive can be used to show that two actions happen at the same time, but one action started earlier and was in progress when the other one occured.
Example: "I was reading a book when the earthquake struck."
4. Background Information: It can be used to provide background information in a narrative.
Example: "It was a sunny day, and the birds were singing."
Time Signals:
Time signals or adverbs often accompany the past progressive tense to provide context or indicate when the action took place. Some common time signals for the past progressive
tense include: while, when, as, at (specific time), at that moment, at the time, all day, all night, yesterday, last night, when I arrived, at 6 o'clock.
Use the Simple Past or Past Progressive to complete the following.
1. What __________ (you/do) when I called you last night?
2. While she __________ (watch) TV, her brother __________ (read) a book.
3. Last weekend, I __________ (visit) my grandparents and we __________ (bake) cookies together.
4. When I woke up this morning, the sun __________ (shine) brightly.
5. They __________ (play) soccer when it started raining.
6. While they __________ (drive) to the beach, they __________ (listen) to their favorite songs.
7. I __________ (study) for the exam all night because I had forgotten about it.
8. He __________ (wait) for the bus when it finally arrived.
9. What __________ (you/do) at 10 o'clock last night?
10. She __________ (cook) dinner while her husband __________ (clean) the house.
11. Last summer, we __________ (go) camping, and it __________ (rain) the whole time.
12. While the teacher __________ (explain) the lesson, some students __________ (ask) questions.
13. When the earthquake __________ (happen), I __________ (watch) TV.
14. I __________ (read) a book while my brother __________ (play) video games.
15. They __________ (have) a great time at the party last night.
16. While I __________ (wait) for the train, I __________ (read) a magazine.
17. She __________ (call) her friend when her phone suddenly __________ (die).
18. Last weekend, he __________ (visit) his friend in another city.
19. What __________ (you/do) before you went to bed yesterday?
20. They __________ (swim) in the pool when it started thundering.
Create 5 sentences of your own using the past progressive.
1. ………...
2. ………..
3. ………..
4. ………..
5. ………..
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Modal Auxiliaries
Modal auxiliaries, also known simply as modals, are a category of auxiliary (helping) verbs in English that are used to express various degrees of possibility, necessity, permission, ability, or obligation. They add nuance to the meaning of the main verb or noun they accompany. Modal auxiliaries are distinct from regular verbs in that they do not conjugate in the same way, and they are followed by the base form of the main verb. Here's a breakdown of modal auxiliaries, including their types, examples, and common usages:
1. Verbal Modal Auxiliaries: Verbal modals are used to modify the meaning of the main verb in a sentence. The formula: S + modal auxiliary + base form of verb.
Here are modal auxiliaries in English:
a. Can: Indicates ability, possibility, or permission.
Example: She can swim.
b. Could: Often used for polite requests or to express past ability or possibility.
Example: Could you pass me the salt?
c. May: Indicates permission, possibility, or a polite request.
Example: May I use your phone?
d. Might: Suggests a lower degree of probability or permission compared to "may."
Example: It might rain later.
e. Must: Expresses strong necessity or obligation.
Example: You must complete this assignment.
f. Shall: Used primarily in formal or legal contexts to indicate future action or to make suggestions.
Example: We shall meet at 2 PM.
g. Should: Suggests advice, recommendation, or obligation.
Example: You should eat your vegetables.
h. Will: Indicates future actions, predictions, or promises.
Example: He will arrive tomorrow.
i. Would: Often used for polite requests, conditional statements, or expressing habitual actions in the past.
Example: Would you like some coffee?
2. Nominal Modal Auxiliaries: This modal is different from the verbal auxiliary; the nominal modal auxiliary is not followed by a verb, instead of an adjective/ a noun/ an adverb. The formula: S + modal auxiliary + be + an adjective/ a noun/ an adverb.
Examples:
It must be expensive.
I will be very happy if you come.
He must be in the office.
She may be in the library.
I am sure you’ll be a good teacher.
Exercise. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of ‘verbs’ or ‘be verb’.
1. Can you _____________ (swim)?
2. What might _______________ (happen) if you don't study for the exam?
3. You will __________ (late) for your flight if you don’t hurry up.
4. Should I __________ (call) the doctor?
5. Will they _____________ (arrive) on time?
6. He must _____________ (surprised) to get this gift from you.
7. Could you please __________ (pass) the salt?
8. Must he ______________ (attend) the meeting?
9. Would you ______________ (interested) in joining the trip?
10. Would you _____________ (like) some coffee?
11. Shall we _________ (dance)?
Create 5 sentences of your own using modal auxiliaries.
1. ………...
2. ………..
3. ………..
4. ………..
5. ………..
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Using the Verb ‘want’
The use of the verb "want" can be followed by both verbal and nominal sentences, depending on how you want to express your desires or intentions. Let's explore the usage of "want" with both types of constructions:
1. "Want" followed by a Verbal Sentence
When "want" is followed by a verbal sentence, it typically indicates a desire or intention to perform an action. In this structure, you're expressing what you want to do or what someone else wants to do. This type of construction is commonly used to discuss plans, preferences, or future actions.
Examples:
"I want to travel to Europe next summer."
"She wants to learn how to play the piano."
"They want to visit the new art museum."
In these examples, "want" is followed by an infinitive verb (to + base form of the verb), indicating the action or activity that the subject desires.
2. "Want" followed by a Nominal Sentence
When "want" is followed by a nominal sentence, it typically indicates a desire for a specific thing, concept, or state. In this construction, you're expressing what you want as an object or a condition. This type of construction is commonly used to discuss desires, needs, or preferences that are not related to actions.
Examples:
"I want a new car."
"She wants happiness and fulfillment in life."
"They want peace and harmony in the world."
In these examples, "want" is followed by a noun or noun phrase, indicating the specific thing or concept that the subject desires.
3. “want” followed by an adjective/ a noun/ an adverb
When "want" is followed by an adjective/ a noun/ an adverb, it typically indicates one’s feeling or a desire. The formula: S + to be + an adjective/ a noun/ an adverb. Here are some examples:
“He wants to be more patient with her younger sister.”
“I want to be a successful entrepreneur in the future.”
“They want to be more socially active within their community.”
In summary, "want" can be followed by verbal sentences to express a desire to perform an action and by nominal sentences to express a desire for a specific thing or condition.
Understanding the context and the type of construction that follows "want" is essential for effective communication.
In addition, point 3 above shows that in these sentences, "want to be" is followed by "to be" + an adjective describes a desired quality, a noun represents a desired role or identity, and an adverb indicates the extent or manner of the desire.
Exercise
Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the verb ‘want”. Pay attention to the verbal and nominal sentences.
1. Sarah wants ______ a relaxing vacation next month.
2. They want the meeting __________ brief and productive.
3. She wants _____________a delicious pizza right now.
4. John studies hard since he wants __________ get good marks.
5. He wants ______________ an exciting adventure this summer.
6. She wants _______________ a dentist.
7. Do you want _______________ rich?
Create 5 sentences of your own using the verb “want”.
1. __________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________________
25
Azar, B. S. 1989. Understanding and Using English Grammar. USA: Prentice Hall Regents.
Bradley , R. A. 2008. English for Nursing and Health Care. Singapore: Mc Graw Hill.
Mas’ud, F. 2005. Essentials of English Grammar. Yogyakarta: BPFE.
Naylor, H. & Murphy, R. 1996. Essential Grammar in Use Supplementary Exercises. UK:
Cambridge University Press.
Thomson, A. J. & Martinet, A.V. 1986. A Practical English Grammar. Fourth Edition. Hong Kong; Oxford University Press.
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