METONYMY FOUND IN THE JAKARTA POST NEWSPAPER
Vixi Putri Wulandari, Armilia Riza, Yola Merina
Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat [email protected]
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa jenis majas metonimia yang ditemukan di dalam surat kabar The Jakarta Post, serta menganalisa makna dari majas yang ditemukan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh sebuah fenomena
“Majas metonimia yang ditemukan di dalam surat kabar The Jakarta Post:
Meneliti penggunaan majas metonimia pada judul berita di dalam surat kabar The Jakarta Post. Peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dalam menganalisa data, Dengan metode pengambilan data yang terdiri dari mengobservasi, mencatat, mengelompokkan, mengganalisis dan menginterpretasikan data yang diambil dari judul berita pada surat kabar The Jakarta Post. Dalam menganalisa dan menemukan jenis majas metonimia tersebut, peneliti menggunakan teori dari Evan dan Green (20606:312). Dari hasil penelitian, menunjukkan bahwa surat kabar The Jakarta Post menggunakan empat jenis majas metonimia yang terdiri dari procedure for product (12 data), place for event (3 data), place for institution (15 data), dan whole for part (2 data).
Kata Kunci : Majas, Metonimia, The Jakarta Post
INTRODUCTION
One way to convey message and information is newspaper. Newspaper gives the information to readers by verbal language in written form. Lot of news consists in a newspaper from entire world such as news about sport, politic, economic, religion and also there are column of advertisements. For instance, a newspaper has it own features as mass media which function to give the reader the reader information that can be directly or
indirectly delivered, directly means that language is literally used. While, indirectly means that language is non literally or figurative language. The Jakarta Post is a newspaper that using English and publishes in Jakarta. The Jakarta Post gives much information and has education value because from it people can learn English easily.
When do the observation, the researcher found various figure of speech there.
Figures of speech or literary devices are ways of using words imaginatively to make writing more descriptive and colorful. In our daily life, we often use figure of speech. It can be in a text or spoken. Sometime we do not aware if we use it. (Neza mi, 2012:660) stated that the figures of speech play a major role in creative writing and rhetoric expression.
Statement above explain that figure of speech has an important role in every writing to make the result of writing has more beauty sense. He also stated that figures of Speech may be classified as under: a) Those based on Resemblance such as Allegory, Euphemism, Imaginary, Metaphor, Pathetic Fallacy, Personification and Simile. b) Those based on contrast such as Antithesis, Epigram, Oxymoron, Paradox, and Pun. c) Those based on association such as Metonymy, Symbol, and Synecdoche. d) Those based on construction such as Anticlimax, Climax, Colloquialism, Pathos. e) Those based on repetition such as Alliteration, Anaphora, Assonance, Refrain and Repetition. f) Those based on overstatement or vice versa such as Hyperbole and Litotes. g)
Those based on moral and criticism such as Fable, Parable and Irony.
One kind of figure of speech is metonymy that belongs to the association figure of speech.
Traditionally, metonymy has been regarded as a figure of speech which is closely associated with the word in mind for the word itself. Thus, Metonymy defined as a process of substituting one word for another with which is associated. Metonymy is frequently use in literature and everyday speech. In addition, one of the main purposes of using metonymy is to add aesthetics to the writing.
Generally, metonymy used in developing literary symbolism. It gives more profound meaning in common ideas and object.
Metonymy is usually used in literally works, such as novel, play, poetry. But, nowadays metonymy often used in newspaper because in newspaper has publication containing news, information, advertisements (Nopriansah and Aprilia, 2015:107).
Metonymy is so close from us but we do not aware when using metonymy.
Here is the following example of
metonymy in The Jakarta Post on education column:
Schools told to form cyber patrol teams to prevent bullying
Based on the example above
“Schools” here do not mean that school or building of school told or talking to make a team to prevent bullying. But Schools there refers to someone who managed the school such as headmaster, administrator and teachers. In this example it includes to the kind of the place for the institution according (Evan and Green 2006:312). If the sentence likes
“headmaster of junior high school told to form cyber patrol teams to prevent bullying” it is clearly, there is no metonymy there. So, school in the sentence is a word metonymy stand as subject. Basically, when reading the title in the newspaper, somebody directly knows the target concept and purpose of it. But they do not aware the deep meaning and word used there.
Based on an example above, it can show that how metonymy works in the sentence, which is in the form words or phrases.
RESEARCH METHOD
This research was a descriptive approach. It was a descriptive because the objectives of this study were observing and finding the information as many as possible of the phenomenon in headline of The Jakarta Post. The aimed of researcher used the descriptive qualitative approach in this research is to describe a place, fact and characteristic of data, systematically and accurately. There were subtantive and locational data. Subtantive data in this research were the words or phrases in a sentence of metonymy found in The Jakarta Post newspaper.
Locational data in this research were The Jakarta Post newspaper.
Meanwhile, the researcher limited the research in a month publishes on April 2017.
Technique of collecting data, the researcher used observational method.
Observational method used by paying attention in which the researcher focused on the usage of language or observation method. Besides, this research used non participatory observational technique, rewrite technique that applied by Sudaryanto (2015:121) this technique used the
researcher as the tool. The researcher used identity method to analysis the data. The researcher used identity method, and then used the referential identity technique.
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
The researcher found the data about thirty two metonymy kinds in The Jakarta Post newspaper edition April 2017. The researcher only analyzed twelve data to represent all of the data that researcher found. The data included three kinds of procedure for product, three kinds of place for event, four kinds of place for institution, and two kinds of whole for part. There were no kinds of part for whole and effect for cause found in that newspaper.
When someone wanted to understand about metonymy, they might be analyzed based on contextual not based on textual.
The data were form of word or phrase in a sentence. The researcher found the kinds of metonymy and used the theory of metonymy by Evans and Green (2006:312). To know the target in the data, the researcher analyzed based on the contextual of the news, the researcher used the theory Reimer
(2010:66). The example of the Procedure of Product
Datum 1: Lion Air group flights back to normal
The phrase “Lion Air” in this datum was the vehicle concept (X) that stands to the “Plane” that was target concept (Y). In this example explain that „X was the Lion Air and „Y was the “Lion Air‟s plane.
The example of Place for Event:
Datum 2: Monas turning blue for autism day
Target concept (Y)
Vehicle concept (X)
Many the blue lamps turn on at
Monas
Monas turning blue
The phrase ”Monas turning blue” was as vehicle concept (X) and
Target concept (Y)
Vehicle concept (X)
The plane of Lion air
Lion Air
the “Many the blue lamps turn on at Monas” was the target concept (Y).
The example of Place for Institution:
Datum 3: Bangladesh calls for trade talks with Thailand
This was expressed in terms of contiguity, a close or direct relationship between two entities. The word “Bangladesh” in this datum was the vehicle concept (X) that stands to the “The government of Bangladesh”
that was target concept (Y).
The example of Whole for Part:
Datum 4: Indonesia beats Kuwait to stay in group II
The word “Indonesia” in this datum was the vehicle concept (X) that stands to the “Indonesia tennis group” that was target concept (Y).
CONCLUSION
The aim of this research was identity the kinds of metonymy on The Jakarta Post newspaper edition April 2017. The researcher used descriptive research as design of this researcher.
The source of data were The Jakarta Post newspaper, the data were the words or phrases of metonymy in a sentence. The technique of data collecting was observation technique.
In analyzing the data, the researcher analyzed the qualitative data was identity referential technique. In this research, the researcher analyzed each data based on context.
The researcher analyzed the kinds of metonymy, these kinds of metonymy were three kinds of procedure for product, three kinds of place for event, four kinds of place for institution, and two kinds of whole for part. There were no kind of part for whole and effect for cause found in that newspaper. The researcher found that the metonymy used in The Jakarta Post Target cocept
(Y)
Vehicle concept
(X)
The government of Bangladesh
Banglasdesh
Target concept (Y)
Vehicle concept (X)
Indonesia tennis group
Indonesia
was a lot used name of country that stands for another name.
REFERENCES
Dehbozorgi, Farhad and Nemati, Azadeh. (2014). Does Human Translate “Figure of Speech”
Better or Machine. Iran : IJELR
Evans, Vyvyan and Green, Melanie.
(2006). Cognitive Linguistics An Itroduction. Manchester:
Edinburg University Press.
Nezami, ahmed. (2012). The Use of Figures of Speech as a Literary Device-A Specific Mode of Expression in English Literature. Vol 12. India.
Nopriansah and Aprilia, Weni. (2015).
An Analysis of Metoyonymy in Coloumn world of Jakarta Post Newspaper. Bengkulu.
Riemer, Nick. (2010). Introducting Semantic. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Sudaryanto. (2015). Metode dan Aneka Analisis Bahasa. Yogyakarta : Sanata Dharma University Press.
