NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 153 June 2Ls.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 153 June 2Ls.

Yice-President Bridges

in

the

Chair.

Fourteen members

_present.

June

28<&.

Dr. Carson

ⁱⁿ the Chair.

Eleven members

_present.

A

letter

was

read

from Thos. B. Wilson, M. _D.,

^{of date}

June _28th, 1864, tendering

his resignation ^as

President of

the

Academy.

On

_{report of}

the

_respective

committees,

the following

papers were ordered

to

be published

ⁱⁿ

the Proceedings

^:

Descriptions ^of

new

_species of

Marine INVEBTEBBATA from Puget

Sound, collected

by

the Naturalists of the North-west

Boundary

Commission,^A.

H.

Campbell, Esq., Commissioner.

BY DR. WM. STIMPSON.

Thefollowing descriptions areextracted,bypermission,fromtheZoologicalReport of thoBoun- dary Commission. They were^{writteninthe year1860,}and accompanied byillustrativedrawings ofallthespecies,which,^It

may

be hoped,^willsuonbepublished.

CRUSTACEA.

ECPAGURUS KeNNKRLYI.

Carapax

smooth, except

where

theseta?areattached.

Median

toothofthe front nearly^obsolete; lateral teethsmall but sharp

and

well-marked.

Eyes

moderately long

and

_slender,but not longer than the peduncle ^{of the}outer antennae;cornea^littledilated,with atuftof hair at the apex. Acicles _small, pilose, not reaching the tips of the _eyes. Feet all veryhairy. Chelipeds short

and

_stout,both _fallingconsiderably^shortoftheextremities of the

am-

bulatory feet,

and

strongly but not very thickly

armed

with short spines.

In the greatercheliped the carpus^isaboutaslong^{as the}

palm

^ofthe

hand

_; fingers shorterthanthe

palm

;

two

distinct

rows

of sharp^tubercles

on

the dactylus. Smaller cheliped hardly reaching^tothemiddleof thedactylus of the greater one,convex, ^orwith an obtuse

median

carina

armed

with strong spines.

There

are

no prominent

spines or tubercles

on

the inferiorsurface of the

merus and

_carpusineither cheliped. Colorof

hands

inalcoholic spe- cimens_{light red.}

Length

^2inches;length of carapax,0*4;of right carpus

and hand

_together

0-51 inch.

An

orthodactylespecies,nearE. pubescentulus,but withshorter

and

_strongly spinouschelipeds.

We have named

itafter thelate

lamented

naturalist

who

discovered it.

HlPPOLYTE

PRIONOTA.

A

_short,

_plump

_species.

_Carapax

with _{a high,}

compressed

back,^crested nearly ^the

whole

_length,

somewhat

channelled longitudinally

on

each side near the _crest,

and armed

with three spines ^{in a} longitudinal

row above and

behind the_eyes;alsowithastrong antennal

and

apterygostomian spine.

Dorsalcrestnot sharp

and

lamelliform,but

armed

with fourstrongteeth,the frontedges^of

which

arebesetwith _aculei,which, especially inthe _posterior teeth,

form

atransverse

row when viewed from

above.

Rostrum more than

half as long^asthe carapax, lamelliform, very broad,

though

^notasbroadas

1864.]

PROCEEDINGS OF THE OP

long

; itsfrontoutline blunt,triangular^or

rounded

;

whole

_upperfront

and end margin

minutely^serratedwith hispidiform ^teeth; lower

margin

^with four small simple ones near the ^end.

Eye

^{with a}spine^atthe inner apex;

squamiform appendix

^to the antennae elongate-triangular ⁱⁿ shape, with pointedend,not reaching

beyond

^therostrum. External maxillipeds reach- ing nearly ^to extremity^ofrostrum,

and

provided with both exognath

and

epignath^; antepenult joint broad, with ^astrong spine at the external apex.

Feetofthe_first, second

and

third pairsprovided with anepipod.

Abdomen

with the

dorsum rounded

; third joint a^little prominent, with an obtusely triangular,not conspicuous toothatthe posterior

margin

; lower

margins

of thesegments

smooth and

_{obtuse, except}the fourth

and

_fifth,

which form

teeth.

Four

pairs of dorsal aculei ontheterminal _joint.

Length

^aboutone inch.

Easily distinguished

from

the otherNorthPacificlamelli-rostral species

by

theserrated

margins

of the dorsal teeth

and

rostrum. Itapproaches^nearest to

H.

_spina(Soioerbei),but hasthree supra-orbital spines instead oftwo.

From H.

pectenifera^{it differs}inthenon-pectinated

margins

^{of the}

abdomen.

Seven

_specimens of thisfinespecies

were

_dredgedinFebruary

and

_March,

by

^Lieut.White,in different parts of the Sound,viz., inHale's Passage, ¹⁰ fathoms, ^soft

bottom

;off

Lummi

I_.,in 8 12fathoms,shelly; near

San Juan

I.,in 2 4fathoms,

mud.

HlPPOLYTE

SUCKLEYI.

Carapax

^{with the}anterior half of the

dorsum

crested

and

sloping forward^;

no

supra-orbital spines^;astrong antennal

and

pterygostomian spine present.

Fourth _{joint of}

abdomen

acute below.

Rostrum

_large,butscarcely aslong as the carapax, curved, rather broad

and

lamelliform, withaslender acute tip;lower

margin

four-toothed

;

upper margin

including^{crest of}carapax ^six- toothed,beginning^atthe anterior third of thelength^{of the}rostrum. External maxillipeds^of

moderate

size,reaching nearly^toextremity^ofantennaryap- pendix,

and

provided with both exognath

and

_epignath. Feet_{long, the}last pairreaching nearly^tothetipof therostrum;firstpaironlyprovided with an epipod^; dactyli of the^lastthree pairs elongated,with only

one

terminal un- guiculus.

Abdominal

segments with

smooth

_edges;superior

margin

^{of third}

segment

^obtuse.

Length

\\ inches.

In the charactersof the dorsal crest

and

rostrum itis

much

likeH. Gai- mardi,butithas

no

_spineover_{the eye.}

From H.

Fabriciiitdiffersinhaving

more numerous

^teethonthesuperior

margin

^{of the}rostrum,

some

of

which

areplaced nearer^toitsextremity. ^It has less

numerous

superior teeth than occurinH. _Layi.

Dredged

^inthe circumlittoral zone.

We have

conferred

upon

this species the

name

ofour friend Dr. Suckley, one^{of theearliest}

and most

successful investigators ofPugettian Zoology.

HlPPOLYTE

STYLUS.

Body

^slender;

abdomen

_stronglygenticulated.

Carapax smooth

;

back

not crested except for a short distance anteriorly. There isan antennal _spine, butneither supra-orbital nor pterygostomian.

Rostrum

_slender,

somewhat

styliform, perfectly straight,

and

_equal tothecarapaxⁱⁿlength; itis

armed

above withfour or fiveteethnearthe base,while the anterior two-thirdsis

edentulous;

below

there are fiveor six teeth.

Antennary

appendix oblong, scarcely shorterthantherostrum,

and

obliquely truncateat the end. Exter- nal maxillipeds verysmall,reaching only^tothe extremity^{of the}peduncle^of theantennae, or to the basal third of therostrum; they^areprovided with an epignath, but

no

_exognath.

None

ofthefeethave anepipod. Terminal_joint of the

abdomen

with four pairs of dorsal aculei.

Length

^{1 inches.}

Taken

in the Straits of

De Fuca by

^{the U.S.}Exploring Expedition.

[June,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 155 HlPPOLYTE

GRACILIS.

Thisisthe

most

slender_species

which

has

come under

ournotice.

The

cara-

pax

^iscrested at the anterior third

;there are

no

supra-orbital spines,but the antennal

and

pterygostomian spines are present, the ^latterspine being high in position

from

the narrowness or little height^{of the} carapax.

Rostrum

exceedinglyslender, scarcehigher than wide,^{curved, alittle}longer than the carapax,

and armed

with four teeth over the eye; elsewhere

smooth

tothe tip;

below

there are four

minute

distant teeth.

The

antennulaearerather long, thethick _flagellum reaching^totheextremity ^{of the} rostrum.

Anten-

nary

appendage

^alittle longer than therostrum.

The

externalmaxillipeds reach tothe middle oftherostrum

and

have

no

_exognath; the epignathper-

haps

exists,but

we have

been unabletodiscoveritinour specimens.

The

feet areveryslender,

and none

of

them have an

_epipod.

The abdomen

is

very long

and

_stronglygeniculated. Third

segment compressed and

promi- nent, as in Pandalus; penultjoint

much

_elongated.

_Length

_{\\ inches.}

Found

in deep water.

Idothka

Whitei.

Body

^{slender; sides} slightly

convex

;

head

_large. Outer antennae nearly two-thirds as long ^{as the}

body

; the flagellum equalling ^the peduncleⁱⁿ length

and composed

^of

from

sixteen toeighteen joints. First thoracic seg-

ment

_short,lessthan two-thirdsaslong^asthesecond.

Abdomen _segmented

as in/. Wosnessenskii

and

the others of this

group

^{; itis}one-half longer

than

broad,slightly

narrowing

posteriorly, with theextremity rounded, truncate,

and

_bluntly

acuminated

atthe middle. Feet moderately^stout. Color _yel- lowish, minutely punctate with darkgray.

Length

^of

body

^0-81; length ^of

abdomen

0-27 inches.

It isallied to /. Wosnessenskii,butisvery

much more

_elongated. It differs

from

1.media, following Dana'sdescription, ^{in its}

much

_longer antenna?.

We

have dedicatedthisspecies to Lieut.^J.

W.

_White,

who commanded

the

Revenue

Cutter in the

Sound

while the

Boundary Survey was

in progress,

and who

rendered essentialaid tothe Naturalists ofthe Survey,

by

dredging

many

^ofthe

^most

interesting novelties

which were

obtained.

Idothea urotoma.

Body

nearlylinear,nearly^fivetimesaslong^asbroad, broadest^atthesixth thoracic segment. External antennaealittle

more

than one-half aslong^as the

body

;last

two

joints of thepeduncle subequal; flagellum a^little shorter than thepeduncle

and

ten-jointed.

Abdomen

consisting, as in the others of thegroup, ^ofthreejoints, withthe partial separationofa fourth

;subrectan- gular with

convex

extremities,

and

_scarcelyless broadatitstruncate _poste- riorextremity than ^at the anterior.

The

_{posterior extremity}ispeculiar in shape, theangle

on

either side projecting strongly,

and

_separated

by

^anotch

from

the

convex

orsubtriangular middleportion,

which

bearsasmall tooth at themiddle.

The

_opercular

abdominal

feet

which

coverthebranchial or

swimming

^feetare large, nearly covering the ^entire

under

side of the

abdo- men.

Thoracicfeetslender.

Length

^ofthe

body

^0-75;greatestbreadth0-17;

length ^{of the}

abdomen

0-20 inch.

We

find

no

noteofthe depth of waterⁱⁿ

which

this species

was

dredged.

Aega

belliceps.

Smooth,

subelliptical,

and

_pointed anteriorly.

Head

with a small, short, blunt, rostriformprocess over the base^{of the} superior^antenna?.

Eyes

ovate, verylarge,butdistant,

and

beautifullygranulated(facetted).

Thorax

rather broad;

segments

^each

marked

withscattered impressedpuncta?,mostlyⁱⁿa transverserow.

Abdominal segments

^fivein

number,

the terminalonescuti-

1864.]

"central park.

'

.

NEW YORK.

JUL YF

<Ji

ACADEMY

fx

orm, with ^its

margin

^entire; apex ^obtuse. In the alcoholic specimens ^the colorof the

body

^isyellowish-gray, clouded;^lateral

margins

^{with aseries of} blackspots or blotches;baseof

abdomen

black; caudal segments edged with blackish

;eyes blue.

Length

^{of the}

body

^0-T6;greatestbreadth0-37

;length ofcaudal segments ^{0-20 inch.}

Two

_specimens are in the collection. Itisperhaps anAcherusia,but

we have

access to

no

_{figure or}description of that

genus

^ofLucas.

Bopyroides acutimarginatcs, nov. gen.et sp.

We

_propose this

name

for a

new

_{parasitic anisopod}

which we

areunable to referto

any

genus^hitherto established,

though

^itapproaches veryclosely toBopyrusⁱⁿ form,

and

indeedin allitscharacters,except^{that the}

abdomi-

nal branchiae of the female arerudimentary, being merelytransverse fleshy ridges, instead of laminae.

The

_{upper surface,except} the

somewhat

^convex head,^{is flat}

and

smooth, with^thesegments sharply^defined.

The margins

^of the

body

^arevery acute

and somewhat

recurved, especially at thehead.

The abdomen

isdistinctly six-articulated, the joints being ^indicated

by

deep^in- cisions

around

the entire margin, dividing^{it intoeleven} subequal parts, so thattheterminal_jointisverysmall,no_largerthan a lateralextremity^ofone ofthepreceding^{ones. It is0-29}inch _{in length,}

and

0-21in greatestbreadth.

Itisfound inthebranchialcavity of Hippolytebrevirostris.

Bopyrushippolytes Kroyer, belongs properly^{to the}

same

_genus.

From

this speciesoursdiffersintheacutenessof the

margins and

^inthesharply square- cutlateralextremitiesofthe

abdominal

segments.

Capeella Kennerlyi.

A

large, pellucid species.

Head armed

with

two

small slender spines above, ⁱⁿatransverse line over the eyes.

No

_spines

on

thefirst thoracic segment,

and

_scarcely

any on

^{the second.}

The

remaining segments,

how-

ever, are

armed

with strong sharp ^tubercles onthe_sides,

and

afew smaller ones above. Thesetubercles

become

progressivelysharperposteriorly.

Su-

perior antennae about one-half as long ^{as the}

body

^; peduncle very thick

and

_strong,withthefirst joint shorter than the second,

and

thelastjoint two-thirds aslong^{as the}second; flagellum verythin,filiform,equallingⁱⁿ length^thelastjoint of thepeduncle,

and

consisting oftwentyjoints. Inferior antennae_small,reaching^themiddleof thesecondjoint of thesuperior anten- aae, subpediform,

and

setose below. Branchial vesicles subovate, one-half longer than broad.

Hand

of the second_{pair of} feetelongated,nearly^three timesas longasbroad,^thick

and armed

with

two

or threesmallslender teeth

on

theconcave palm. Feetofthe three posterior pairs short.

Length

^{of the}

body

^1-1; of the superior antennae ^{0-52; of} the first

and

second thoracic

segments

taken together^{0*44 inch.}

The

description ^isthat of a male.

Found on

the

bottom

of the

Revenue

CutteratPort

Townsend.

Amphithoe humerams.

Body

robust, entire;

dorsum

_rounded,

smooth and unarmed. Eye

^of

mode-

rate _size,rounded,^situated

on

ashort projection of the

head between

the basesof the superior

and

inferior antenna?. Superior antennanearly aslong as thebody,^thepeduncleconstituting^lessthan one-thirdofitslength^{; fla-} gellum tapering^to

an

exceedingly^fine extremity. Inferior antenna half as long^asthe body, with^itsflagellum

no

longer than ^the antepenult joint of the peduncle.

Epimera

^{of thefifth}pair large.

Gnathopoda,

^{orfeetof thefirst}

two

_pair,with rather small,weak, subpediform

hands

inbothsexes;thoseof the third

and

fourth pairswiththebasal jointverylarge

and much

_expanded, nearly^asbroadastheirepimera^; meros-joint ^{in the}

same

pairs small,

com-

mune,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 157

pressed, with a sharp arcuated ^anterior margin.

Caudal

stylets all with equal

rami

; last pair with the rami very^short

and

flattened, the outer

one armed

with small

hooks

atits extremity. Telson_small,obtuse-triangular.

Length

^{of the}

body

ⁱⁿa female, ^1-2; height^atthefifth thoracicsegment,

epimera

included, 0-25 inch.

Found

about low-water

mark.

Anonyx

filigkb.

Head

withastrongtriangularprocess

on

eachsidebeneaththebaseofthe superior antennae; extremity of^this process notacute. Superior antenna?

very short,aboutas long^asthe head, witha long,thickpencil of hairon the inner side ofeach; basal joint large, with a strong protuberance above, forming^a

prominent

angle^{atitsanterior}extremity;flagellum seven-jointed, the first jointconstituting one-third ofits length^; accessaryflagellum^tri- articulate. Inferior antenna? longer than^thebody; the peduncle, however, constitutes butasmall part of their length, being but^littlelargerthan the superior antenna?; thevery^{slenderfiliform}flagellum appears^{asif serrated} above, but^isnot provided with ^calceolae.

The

first pair of ^feetinoursin- gle

specimen

appear ^to be pointed

and

_simple, the dactylus not being ^re- tracted against the

manus, which

^hasno

palm

; second_pair witha

minute

truncate hand, supporting^asmalltuftof hairat thebase of the dactylus.

The dorsum

in this species ^is sharp, or carinated,but not _dentated,being entire

and smooth

inoutline forthe greater part of^itslength,

and

similar in the thoracic

and

firstthree

abdominal

_segments.

There

_{is, however,a deep,} triangular sinus

between

the third

and

fourth

abdominal

_segments,the latter being strongly protuberant, projectingoverthevery small ^fifthsegment.

The

second

abdominal segment

^issubtruncate below,

and

hasadeep semicircular sinus

on

theanterior lateral margin, near^itslower _extremity.

Rami

ofthe last pair of caudal _stylets shorterthan those ofthesecondpair,

and

telson rather elongated

and

slitin

two down

themiddle.

Length

about one-thirdofaninch.

Itresembles an Englishspecies of

which

_{a figure}has beenprivately circu- lated by^C.

Spence

Bate, Esq.,

under

the

name

of "Lysianassa ^chausica

M.

Edw."

Dredged

ⁱⁿdeep water,

by

^Lieut.White.

Gammarus

scbtener.

A

_small,

_compressed

species of rather^soft

and

delicate structure.

Dorsum

rounded.

Epimera

moderatelylarge.

Eye

broad-oval, nearly round.

An-

tennaeof both_pairsveryslender; superior ones^aslong^{as the}body. Basal joint

more

than twiceasthick asthe_next,but shorter; third joint^lessthan half aslong^asthesecond;flagellum withaboutthirty articulations^; acces- soryflagellumnearly twice^aslong^asthelastjoint of thepeduncle.

Inferiorantennae nearlythree-fourths as long ^{as the} superior ones^{; first} joint of the peduncle

armed

beneath with a sharp process,

which

_nearly reachesthe

end

of the second; third joint

more

than twiceaslong^asthe first; fourth shorter than third; flagellum two-thirds as long ^{as the} pe- duncle.

Second gnathopod

^with

merus and

_carpus acute

below

;

hand

_subovate, twiceas long^as broad;

palm

oblique, with _{a small,} sharp ^toothatits pos- terior extremity, reached

by

^thetipof the finger

when

closed. _First,second

and

third joints of the

abdomen armed

above withasharp^centralspine

on

the_posteriormargin,

and

withfour orfive

minute

_{spines, or}sharp comb-like teeth

on

eachsideof themiddle_{spine, the}

margin

bearing^theselatterspines being^alittleconcave.

At

thecorrespondingpart of the fourth

and

fifth ab-

dominal

_segments,there are also

two

or thre spines similar to the central

1864.]

158 ACADEMY

spine ^{of the}other segments,

though

^not quite so large. Telson_bifid,the forks rather elongated. Color ofthe alcoholic specimens greenish-grey, mottled with paler

and

darker_patches.

Length

^{abouttwo-fifthsofaninch.}

Although we have

not seenthe posterior pairof caudal_styletsinthis spe- cies,

which

are lost in both our specimens,

we have

^littledoubtthatitis closely allied to G. _longicauda Brandt,

which

inhabits the Asiatic coastof the North Pacific,in

which

these _stylets areverylong. ^{It differs}from the Asiatic species in having aspine at theextremity^ofthe

palm

ⁱⁿthe greater gnathopod,ⁱⁿthe shorterterminal joint of the peduncle^{of the}superior an- tennae,ⁱⁿthe basal spine of the inferior antennae,

and

inthe

arrangement

^of the dorsal spines of the

abdomen.

This species inhabitsthe circumlittoral zone.

AMPHITHONOTUS

8EPTEMDENTATCS.

Strongly compressed

and

_carinated,likeA.carinata_; carinadentated pos- teriorly, thelast

two

_thoracic,

and

firstfive

abdominal

segments terminating posteriorlyin teeth; last

two

teethvery

much

_projecting

and

_sharp.

Head

with^adeep notch ^{or sinus}

on

the frontmargin, nearthe inferior angle,^at the insertion of the inferior antennae.

Rostrum

rather slender, sharp, a

littlecurving

downward, and

reaching ^{to a little}

beyond

^{themiddleofthe}

firstjoint of the superior antennas.

Eye

moderatelylarge, oval,

and

_oblique in position. Antennae about one-third as long ^asthe

body

; the superior ones with_flagellum of eleven joints; inferiorones aboutas long^{asthe su-} perior,withaforward-pointingspine at the base below,

and

aseven-jointed

flagellum.

Gnathopoda

with small but well-formed subcheliform

hands

; remaining feetasusualinA.carinatus

and

theotherspecies of thegroup.

Length

^half

an

inch.

Found

^at

^{and below}

^low-water

^mark.

Amphithonotus

occidentals.

Closely^{allied to the arctic}

A.panopla

Kr.,

and

the east-coast species, A.

cataphractus Stm., but differing

from

both in being

more

_elongated,

having

lessheight

and

breadth. Italso differs

from

thelatterspecies inbeing ^less strongly carinated

and

dentated;butthe carinae are sharper thanⁱⁿA. pan- opla

and

the

two

teeth

on

the second

abdominal segment

are especially prominent.

The

integuments ^{are rather less} indurated than inthe allied species.

The

_superior antennae are a little longer than the _inferior, but scarcely

more

than one-fourth aslong^as the body.

Length

^fromtipofrostrum to_tipof telson, 0-76; greatest breadth, 0-21 ;

height, 0-24inch.

Two

specimens

were

_brought

home _by

the

Boundary Commission.

AMPELISCA

P0GETICA.

Head

^not

much

_produced. Antennaeofboth _pairs very^slender; superior ones lessthan half aslong^{as the inferior} ones, with the basal joint very thick,twiceas thick,

though

onlyhalf as long, as the next _joint. Superior antennae four-fifths as long as the

body

^; peduncle long,

smooth

above.

Dorsum

ofthethorax

and abdomen

^forthe

most

_part

smooth and

rounded, but the lastthree joints of the

abdomen

areseparated from the preceding ones

by

^a deep notch,

and

project into

two

_sharp teeth. Terminal _joint in the third

and

fourth pairs of feet,one-half longer than^the

two

_preceding joints together. Intheseventh_{pair of}feetthemeros-joint^is

expanded

pos- teriorly intoan ovate lamina, fringed with

plumose

setas,as inA. laevigata.

Posterior

margin

^{of the third}

abdominal segment

with a small notch _just

above

the inferior angle. Lasi_{pair of} caudal_{styletslarge,}with rami

much

[June,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 159

longer than those of the

two

_preceding pairs. Telson oblong,

narrower and

lesstapering thanⁱⁿ

most

species of thegenus.

Length

^{0-45 inch.}

Dredged

^{in ten}fathoms,

on

a

muddy

bottom, ^{in Hale's}Passage,

by

^Lieut.

White.

Ammothea

longicaudata.

Body

broad, robust, hispid above.

Eye

placed

on

_{a high papilla,}

and

double, ordivided in

two

longitudinally. Chelate "antennae"

much

shorter than the proboscis^{; theirslender}lower branch, however, ^is

much

_longer, nine _jointed,not_tapering,

and

with blunt_extremity. Proboscis _large,very stout, elliptical in outline. Feetrather thick, fourth joint stoutest^;

upper

surfaces sparsely hispid; basal joints

armed

with slightdentiform protuber- ances,ovigerous ^feetof

moderate

_length.

Abdomen

large, half aslong^asthe body. Diameter nearlythree-fourthsof aninch.

We know

the genus

Ammothea

of

Leach

_only

by

^{the short} diagnosis of Dana,^{inthe U.S.} Exploring Expedition, Crust,ii.,p. 1390_("

Nympho

^affinis.

Ramus

antennae longior, 9-articulatus,")

and may

^be

wrong

ⁱⁿreferring this species^toit.

One _specimen

occursinthe collection.

GEPHYREA.

Phascolosomum exasperatum.

Body

brownish, curved^inthe

form

of

an

arc,

and

thickestnear_{the poste-} rior extremity. Surfacewrinkledtransversely

and

coveredwith small black- ish grains,aboutone- sixtieth of an inchin diameter,rather larger

and

less

crowded

posteriorly,

and

smaller

and

less

numerous on

theconcave than

on

the

convex

side. Proboscisbluish-white,with

numerous

_irregulartransverse blackish bands, interrupted

on

theconcaveside.

The

_{proboscis being par-}

tiallyretracted inour_singlespecimen,

we

areunable toseeitsextremity^dis- tinctly,butit

seems

to

have

aseries of six or eight

crowded

_{rings of}

minute

blackish echinulationsnextthe

mouth,

^{as in}the allied forms.

Length

^{2inches; thickness of}the body,0-46; thicknessof proboscis, 0-2 inch.

Sternaspis

affinis.

Almost

identicalwith _{S.fossor Stm.,}

from

Massachusetts Bay, but withthe

body smoother

^aboutthemiddle,

where

there is

no

traceof the echinated an- nuli,

which may

be discerned evenonthemiddle

segments

in S.fossor.

Found

in

muddy

^{bottomsinfromten to}

twenty

^fathoms.

Dredged by

^Lieut.J.

W.

White.

TUNICATA.

Cynthia haustor.

Body

globular, strongly

and

_{coarselycorrugated} in

an

irregularly reticu- lating

manner,

^with the intersticesdeep

and

the

prominent

partscovered with coarse_sand,stronglyagglutinated. Apertures^atthe extremities oflongcy- lindrical tubes,nearly equalling ⁱⁿ length^thediameterof the body.

These

rubes arewrinkled transversely,

and

are

from

one-thirdtoone-halfasthick

<istheyare long.

The

branchial tubeisconsiderably longer than the^anal.

Diameter

about

two

inches.

With

the nextspecies, this forms masses

which

arefound

somewhat abun-

dantly onshellybottomsinthe circumlittoralzonein

Puget Sound.

Cynthia

Gibbsii.

Body

elongated, attached^at

one

_end,

more

orlesscylindrical, or

somewhat

appressedand,

when

contracted, half as thick as long. Surface free

from

1864.]

ACADEMY

encrusting matters, corrugated both longitudinally

and

transversely; the longitudinal plications are frequently strongest

and most

_regular, but often they ^are rendered irregular or nearly obliterated

by

^{the transverse} ones.

The

apertures are placed near together ^{at the} extremity ^{of the}

body

^on slight protuberances,

which

are probably

produced

^inlifeinto short tubes.

Branchialsacwith_{ten slight} longitudinal folds,not lamelliform; filaments at^its

summit numerous,

small, slender

and

_simple.

The

_largest

specimen

^{is 1-4inch}in length,

and

0-6 inbreadth.

According

^{to Dr.}

Kennedy's

notes, ^this species

was

_dredged

by

^Lieut.

White

atthefollowingplaces: Port

Townsend,

^{in 4}fathoms, shelly bottom,

and

also on a

muddy ^bottom

^{in10 fathoms.} Off theN.

W. end

of

Lummi

Island,ⁱⁿ 15fathoms,shellybottom.

The

dedicationofthis finespecies^to onesowell

known _upon

thesurvey^as Mr.

George

Gibbs,^isscarcelynecessary^{to indicate}the great interesthe has

takeninitsscientificresults.

Cynthia

coriacea.

A

tough,

unornamental

species, with

no

very strongly

marked

characters.

It is irregularlyegg-shaped,

and

attached

by

^a

broad

surface

on

_{the right} side of thebody.

The

test is free

from

agglutinated matters, smooth,

and

scarcely at^allwrinkled,except aboutthe apertures,

which

areonrather large protuberances, probably^{extensible in life into}short tubes.

The

branchial aperture ^is largest,

and

situated at theextremity^{of the}

body;

^{the anal a}

little behind the middleof the upper ^side. Branchial sac with about the

same number

of folds as intheprecedingspecies,

which

_are, however, very

prominent and

lamelliform, being broader than^{half the}width ofthe inter- spaces.

The

filaments atthe

summit

of thebranchialsacappear^tobe few,

and

_shaped^likethe palpi of the bivalveacephala.

From

the slight indications yetobservableinthespecimen, ^it

would seem

tohave beenof areddishcolor

when

alive.

It

was

found

upon

the "shoreofIslandNo. _2,offSaltSpringIsland,

March

9, 1859,"

by

^Lieut.White, ^{of the}

Revenue

Cutter.

Cynthia

villosa.

Of

similar_size,

and

alliedtothe C. echinataoftheNorth Atlantic, of

which

this istheanalogueor representative species

on

thewestcoast. It is,

how-

ever, easilytobe distinguished

from

that species

by

^{thecharacterof the vil-} losity or short,hair-like processeswith

which

thetestiscovered. Theseare shorter,

more numerous

thanin C. echinata,

and

not provided with radiating hairs at the summit, being simply tapering^toafineextremity,

and

_sparsely pubescent

on

theirsides.

The

baseofattachment ^{in this} species i3.very small,

and

thetestat that point^is

produced

^{into a}peduncle,

which

issometimesaslong^asthe

body

^is thick. This peduncleis,however, entirely similar to the test in character,

and

notatall likethat of Bollenia.

Our

_largest

specimen

^{is about0-6inch} in diameter.

Dredged by

^Lieut.

White

in

"Port Townsend,

¹⁰fathoms,

muddy

bottom,"

and

"offthe N.

W. end

of

Lummi

_{Island, in}

from

8 to 15 fathoms, on Ihelly bottoms,

March

2d

and

Feb.22d, 1859."

Genus CHELYSOMA,

^Brod.

^{and Sow.}

The

"tortoise-shell" Ascidians,

which form

the curious arctic genus Cheh)somay

have

the posterior extremity^{of the}

body

flattened,

forming an

oval diskwitha raisedmargin,

and

the surfacedividedintopolygonal^plates.

But two

_species

have

been hitherto

known,

^{the C.} 3facleayana,

from Green-

land,

and

G.geometrica (Ascidia geometricaStm.;Mar. Invert, of Gr.Manan.)

[June,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. _161^

from

the

Bay

^of

Fundy. We have

a third species

from

_{Behring's Straits,}

and

thatdescribed

below makes

a fourth.

Chelysoma producta.

Allother

known

_{species of}this

genus

^are

remarkable among

^Ascidiansfor

their depressed form, the

body

being veryshort, sessile, attached

by

^their flattened anterior extremity,^to

which

the broad diskisparallel,

and

forms nearly^the

whole

of the part of the

body which

^isexposed ^{to view. In} f.

producta,

on

the contrary, the anterior _{part of} the

body

^is

much

_produced,

laterallycompressed,

and

_longer

than

the diskisbroad, while^its

attachment

is inferior

and

_usuallyvery narrow. ^Inwell-formed specimens the

dorsum

is

compressed and

arched with a

well-marked

_carina,beneath

and

_parallel with

which

the

rectum may

^{be seen}

through

^thetranslucent test.

The

disk isobliquelyplaced,

and

its

margin

projects strongly

beyond

^{the sides of the} body. ^{Its surface is} dividedinto 14polygons,^{4 5} sided,besidethe

two which

containthe apertures,each of

which

latterisagain subdivided^{into six} triangular^valves.

Inour_largestspecimens^the

body

^{is 1-5 inch} in length,

and 05 broad

at the middle; the^{diskis 1-08} high

and

0-81 broad.

Itisusually attached^to Sertularians.

Dredged by

^Lieut.

White

in"8 to 12 fathoms,shelly,^offtheN.

W.

_pointof

Lummi

Island."

HOLOTHURIADAE.

Pentacta

piperata.

Allied to P. frondosa.

Body

ovate,

smooth and

glabrous, of ^a yellowish color,speckled

and

spotted with ^black.

Sucking

^{feetretractedin our}speci- mens, not

numerous, and

arranged ^{in five} irregularrows. Tentacula short

and

broad, ramose.

Length

(contracted) \\inches^: breadth,^0-8inch.

We

findthree or fourspecimens ⁱⁿthe collection,

none

of

them

_{with pro-} truded tentacles.

Pentacta

populifer.

Body

thick-fusiforminshape. Surface_entirelycovered with minute, per- forated,polygonal, calcareous plates,each _plate

having from

twenty-five ^to forty holes,

and

_being

armed

witha sharp

umbo

orspine ^atthe centre of its

outersurface. Sucking-feetsmall, of

moderate

_length,very

numerous, and

arranged ^{in five}regular double rows,extending

from one

_extremity ofthe

body

^{totheother. Tentacula}ten,eight large

and two

small; the large ones ofelongated form,

and shaped

^like

Lombardy

poplartrees, (Populusdrtatata),

branching

nearly

from

thebase; branches short.

The

small tentacles are placed together,

and

are minute, not ^{a tenth} part as long ^{as the others.}

Length

^ofthe largest

specimen

^2inches; usual length

from

1to 1 inches.

From

the

number

ofspecimens ^collected

we

_judgethis species to be

com- mon

inthe

Sound.

It is

found

inthe circumlittoral zone.

The

Influence ofthe Earth's

Atmosphere

^onthe Color of theSTA3LS.

BY JACOB ENNIS.

From

thesmall

amount

of attentionpaid to the colors of the stars asadis- tinct

branch

ofphysicalresearch, a

vague and

^indefinite impression has been

somewhat

_prevalent that the

atmosphere

^{of our earth has}great

power

in

producing

^theapparent^colors

and

thechanges of colors of the fixed stars.

The

_subjectishighly important.

During

^thelast

two

orthreeyears ^it has occupied

much

of

my

attention,

and

Ipropose^{in this}paper ^to present

my

1864.] 11