The data in this study were from 8 words of stop consonant containing errors by students. Finally, after examining the data, it can be concluded that students made several types of errors in pronouncing stop consonant in speaking pronunciation. The analysis showed that there were 4 dominant errors out of 8 English stop consonant errors during the test run.
Dalam analisis, tampak bahwa terdapat 4 kesalahan yang menonjol dari 8 konsonan henti bahasa Inggris dalam tes yang diberikan.
INTRODUCTION
- Background of the Study
- Focus of the Study
- Research Question
- Objective and Benefits of the Study
- Prior Research
Source: Documentation of pronunciation mastery of eighth graders at SMPN 5 Metro based on the Weir pronunciation rubric. Based on the background illustration of the study above, it is clear that there are many phenomena in the students' pronunciation. Moreover, both studies analyze the same topic, i.e. the mastery of stop-sonsonants in pronunciation.
3 Andi Retna Jaya, “The Students' Mastery in Pronouncing English Plosive Consonant [p, t, k, b, d, g] (An Error Analysis of The Fifth Semester Students of English Department of UNNES in the Academic Year Universitas Negeri Semarang, Gedownload op 2 november 2018.
THEORETICAL REVIEW
The Concept of Pronunciation
- Pronunciation
The goal of pronunciation instruction should be for students to produce English speech that is intelligible in the areas where they will use it.8 The teacher will have to concentrate on the important phonemic contrasts and choose allophonic variations only to ensure intelligibility, not to obtain a unified set of native-like variations. Other allophonic possibilities such as lateral plosion (as in little, puddle) or nasal plosion (as in kitten, goodness) are not essential for students' intelligibility, although they must be able to understand words said in this way. Based on the explanation above, the researcher concludes that the main goal of learning pronunciation is when students can produce English speech that is comprehensible and intelligible in the areas where they want to use it.
The stressed syllable (the syllable that carries the main stress) is that part of a word or phrase that has the greatest stress because the speaker raises the column or changes the pitch of their voice when saying that syllable, e.g. „important‟, „medicine‟ etc. and in much longer words, there is both a main stress and a secondary stress, e.g. interpretation, where „ter‟ has the secondary stress and „ta‟ the main stress.
The Concept of Consonant
- The Definition of Consonant
- The Common Error in Pronouncing Stop Consonant
- The Factors that Cause Problems in Stop Consonants
- Solutions to Solve Student Problems Pronouncing Stop
This obstruction is sometimes caused by another organ of speech and sometimes amounts to complete closure and at other times only partial closure”. Based on the above explanation, the writer concludes that consonant is any sound made by a letter that is not a vowel sound and is a speech sound pronounced by constricting or closing one or more points of the airway. Based on the manner of obstruction, English has the following types of consonants:15.
The air passage is completely closed, as in plosives, at a certain point in the oral cavity, so that no air can escape from the mouth. Examples for English nasal consonants /m, n, ŋ,/. 1) There is a complete obstruction in the middle of the mouth by placing the tip of the tongue against the back of the tooth. Stop is a term used in the phonetic classification of speech sounds according to their manner of articulation.
Based on the explanation above, the researcher concludes that stop consonants are all sounds in which the air somewhere in the mouth or speech canal meets a complete stop or complete obstruction. The first /p/ lacks the release, while the second /p/ lacks the closure; thus the two stops are called "incomplete plosives". Since each of these lacks one of the stages of producing a plosive consonant, they are pronounced as a stop with an abnormally long pause. English has 6 stop consonants, respectively at bilabial point of articulation /b, p,/, at alveolar point of articulation /d, t,/ and at velar point of articulation /g, k/. we can identify the consonants that have a shortening effect on the preceding vowel as .. voiceless' sounds such as /p/, /t/, /k/ and /s/ and those that activate lengthening as 'voiced' for example /b /, /d/, /g/ and /z/. Try hissing a prolonged /sss/ and compare it to a prolonged buzz /zzz/ : the difference between the two is the 'voice' of the /z/, a vibration produced in the larynx which is known as ' a 'buzz' is observed. 3. The Common Error in Pronouncing Stop Consonant Common errors in pronouncing stop consonants, as follows:22 Common errors in pronouncing stop consonants, as follows:22.
In other words, the students have false hypotheses about the teacher's or textbook's explanation, causing them problems. This has to do with not understanding and applying the phonological structure that conforms to the environmental context of the phoneme.. should /pʰKkt/ because /p/ follows the rules of phonetic variation in initial position.
RESEARCH METHOD
- Types and Characteristics of Research
- Data Resources
- Data Collecting Technique
- Data Analysis Technique
- Research Approach
Based on the above quote, it can be concluded that the writer should have four important aspects in conducting qualitative research. In this research, the writer uses four techniques to collect the data, there are observation, documentation, field note and interview. In this research, the writer observed the recorded stop consonant pronunciation data of students in the eighth grade of SMPN 5 Metro.
Therefore, in this study, the author used interview to collect data from the students. In this research, the author used six steps in the research process as follows:35. To get these answers, the writer engages in the step of gathering or collecting data.
During or immediately after data collection, the author must make sense of the information provided by individuals in the study. The author uses four steeps to get the data, they were observation, documentation, field note and interview. The first steps were for the author to observe the recorded data of students' stop consonant pronunciation.
Next, the writer classified the types of mastery of stop consonants in student pronunciation by eighth grade students. From the data reduction, the writer shows a graded consonant error in pronunciation among eighth graders.
RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Description of Research Setting
- Description of SMP Negeri 5 Metro
This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 5 Metro, which was located at Jl. Budi Utomo, Rejomulyo Village, Metro South Districts, Metro City. SMP Negeri 5 Metro was established on June 7, 1986, which at that time was still included with Central Lampung Regency before the regional division was formed. SMP Negeri 5 Metro has a wide area of about 16,000 m2 that at that time the land was the result of community contributions especially Rejomulyo South Metro.
At the beginning of the admission of new students, SMP Negeri 5 Metro accepted 120 students, because only 3 classes were built at that time, and so far SMP Negeri 5 Metro had built 20 classes and 614 students. 2012 was led by Mr. Poniran, S.Pd as the 6th Rector, and the following year 2012 was led by Suyono, S.Pd as the 7th Rector and so far. 37 Untung Basuki, S. Pd Social Science Teacher 38 Maria Woro, S. Pd Science Teacher 39 Amelia Sari, S. Pd Social Science Teacher 40 Cindya Vitarani, S. Pd BK Teacher.
41 Robertus Dwi V. S.Kom Guru Komputer 42 Budi Raharjo, S.Pd Guru Seni Budaya 43 Mayang Puspitasari, S.Si Guru Pengaturan Laboratorium. 57 Titik Purwantari, S.Pd Guru Seni Budaya 58 Nastiti Amrih Lestari, S.Pd Guru Komputer 59 Siti Solikah, S.Ag Guru Agama 60 Heni Puspitasari, S.Pd Guru.
General Description
The Description of Data Analysis
Data reduction means that the writer has selected the most important part of the essential points of all the data obtained by summarizing and selecting certain things. There are four components of English speaking skills, namely: pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, fluency and comprehension. There are six elements of pronunciation, namely: stress, intonation, features of connected speech, voice quality, vowel and consonant.
Based on the data of the observation, there are some results, shortened by the stop consonant error in pronunciation at the eighth grade of SMP Negeri 5 Metro. Based on the data above, it can be seen that there was a common error of stop consonant in students' pronunciation.
Interpretation of the Data
The result shows that the eighth grade students in SMP Negeri 5 Metro are enough to pronounce stop consonant [p], [b] [k] and [g]. Students are good at pronouncing English stop consonant [p], [b] [k] and [g] because some of them such as [p], [t] and [k] are aspirated in Javanese.
Discussion
Based on the result of the data analysis, it proves that the students' pronunciation needs to be improved, not only in the students' ability in pronunciation, but also in their understanding of the types of pronunciation that correspond to the correct phonetic transcription. The students get low score in their English speaking because of their pronunciation is wrong. From the data above, it can be concluded that students have a low desire to learn English, especially in spoken pronunciation.
They feel that English is difficult to learn and understand, there is no media that can be used as a suitable example to learn to speak English correctly. The students need to learn more about speaking especially in pronunciation, they need to learn how to pronounce the right word in English and the teacher needs to use appropriate strategy, method and media to make the students easy in the learning process. Principal should support to learn English process by preparing facilitation and instrument for English learning completely.
The English teacher must motivate the students to be more active in the process of learning English. An English teacher should add media to make it easier for students to understand the correct pronunciation when speaking. The English teacher gives suggestions for the students to increase their speaking pronunciation ability.
An analysis of pronunciation errors made by the fourth semester students of English teacher studies program at UNIKA.
