Partama, I.B.G., A.A.A.S.Trisnadewi, and IG.L.O. Cakra. 2014. Optimizing microbial protein synthesis in the rumen through supplementation of vitamin and mineral in ration based on King grass to increase bali cattle productivity. J.Biol Chem Research 31(2), 822- 840.
Steel, R.G.D. and J.H. Torrie. 1995. Principles and Procedures of Statistic. McGaw- Hill Book Co. Inc., New York.
Susari, N. N. W. 2013. Genetic Diversity of Taro White Cattle Based on D-Loop Markings of Mitochondrial DNA and their Kinship with Bali Cattle. Dissertation. Doctoral Study Program, Postgraduate Program, Udayana University, Denpasar.
Introduction
Taro cattle is another name for white bali cow which is a phenotypic variation of the Bos sondaicus or bibos banteng (bali cattle) species. This is possible because of the normal / standard skin color / feather gene mutation (bali cattle) into the recessive albino gene that occurred in the past. Susari's (2013) study also concluded that taro white cattles have a close kinship with bali cattle, and from the description of their phylogeny trees it is seen that taro white cattles and bali cattle come from the same ancestors.
Taro's cattle population continued to decline, which was recorded in 1965 with a population of more than 100. At that time Taro cattle lived wild in the forest around Taro Village, Tegallalang District, Gianyar. Since the use of forests by the community in 1967-1968, these cattles have been kept by tying them under trees as a result the population has continued to decline to only 24 in 1996.
Since Taro cattle were conserved by the Taro White Lembu Foundation, which was established in 2012, the population has been ranked from 32 in 2012 to 51 in 2018, consisting of 21 white males, 4 black males, 4 red males, white females 21 tails and 1 red female.. Based on the "Preservation Guidelines and Utilization of SDGT," with that much population, Taro cattle are included in the critical population because the number of adult females is less than 100 (Subandriyo, 2012).
Preliminary research that has been carried out shows that these cows are only fed with king grass at an average of 30 kg per head per day and are sometimes given chunks of some banana stems for all the cows, amounting to 51 when the dry season. This feeding condition is very lacking in terms of the nutrition aspects of ruminants. To get the appearance of Taro white cattle that are in accordance with their genetic potential, rations must be given with sufficient and balanced nutrient content. This study aims to examine concentrate supplementation plus in increasing the productivity of taro white cattle fed with king grass base.
CONCENTRATE PLUS SUPPLEMENTATION TO INCREASE TARO WHITE CATTLE PRODUCTIVITY
I.B.G. Partama, N.G.K. Roni, A.A. Putra Wibawa, IN. Ardika IW. Wirawan,, and I-G. Suranjaya
Faculty of Animal Husbandry Udayana University Corresponding author: [email protected]
Research Methods
This research was carried out in Taro Village, Tegallalang District, Gianyar, in the conservation area of Taro White Cattles for 4 months. The research plan that will be used is factorial randomized 2 x 3 design. The first factor is the sex of Taro cattle, male and female, the second factor is three ration treatments consisting of R0, RK and RK Plus. Each of the three treatments will be tried in 4 groups (blocks) of both female and male Taro cattle. With this there are 24 experimental units.
Grouping cattle based on body weight. Each unit of experiment used one (1) male and female Taro cattle. The treatment used in this study was king gai grass as basal as 20 kg plus 1.5 kg pollard for R0, 1.5 kg concentrates for RK, and 1.5 kg plus RK Plus.Dry matter ration was 24.79% at R0, and 24.61% in RK was the same as RK Plus. Crude protein levels 7.16% at R0 and 10.63% in RK = RK Plus. Energy levels in a row at R0, RK, and RK Plus were 3.58 kcal / g, 3.87 kcal / g, and 3.88 kcal / g.The data source used in this study was male and female white Taro cattle in the conservation area in Taro village, Tegallalang District, Gianyar. The number of Taro cattles that will be used as experimental units is 24, consisting of 12 male Taro cattles and 12 female Taro cattles. The average initial weight of bulls was 232.54⏈83.00 kg while female cattle were 182.50⏈35.63 kg. Variables observed in the study included consumption of dry matter rations, protein consumption, energy consumption, cattle weight gain, and Feed Convertion Ratio (FCR). The data obtained were analyzed by variance and if the treatment had a significant effect (p <0.05) on the response variable, followed by Duncan's test (Steel and Torrie, 1995).
Results and Discussion
The results showed that supplementation of concentrate plus in RK Plus ration significantly (P
<0.05) could increase protein and energy consumption although consumption of dry matter was not significantly different. This is due to the crude protein content and energy in the RK Plus ration is higher than the control ration (R0) which is 10.63% vs 7.16% for crude protein content and 3.88 kcal / g vs. 3.58 kcal / g for ration energy levels.As a result of higher protein and energy consumption in cattle given concentrates plus was an increase in life weight up to 133% (0.21 vs 0.49 kg / day) in female cattle, while in bulls increased by 49% (0.39 vs 0.58 kg / day) from the control ration treatment.Concentration supplementation plus the RK Plus ration can also increase feed utilization efficiency up to 137% (FCR value 25.52 vs. 10.76) in female cattle, while in bulls increase by 49%
(FCR value 13.76 vs 9.22) from the control ration treatment.The higher weight gain of cattle fed rations with concentrate supplementation plus caused by the presence of multi-vitamin and mineral supplementation in plus concentrates. These multi vitamins and minerals contain olaquidox, multi vitamins (A, D3, E, K3, B1, B2, B6, B12), multi minerals (Mn, I, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn), Ca-D-pantothenate, cholin chloride, methionine, and BHT (antioxidants).The results of this study are in accordance with the results of Partama et al (2014) that multivitamin and mineral supplementation in king grass- based rations can increase the weight gain of fattening cattle life. It is also stated that Zn minerals in multi vitamins and minerals play an important role in various enzyme activities in protein metabolism, fat and energy metabolism in the body of livestock. Thus, it can increase the efficiency of ration utilization so that there is an increase in weight gain of cattle.
Ration Sex
Dray Matter Intake
(kg/d)
Protein Intake
(kg/d)
Energy Intake (Mcal/d)
Life Weight
Gain (kg/d)
FCR
R0 Male 5,33a 0,38a 19,07a 0,39b 13,76c
Female 5,33a 0,38a
19,07a 0,21a 25,52d
RK Male
5,29a 0,56b 20,49b 0,45cd 11,81bc
Female 5,29a 0,56b
20,49b 0,44c 12,00bc
RK Plus Male 5,29a 0,56b
20,50b 0,58e 9,22a
Female 5,29a 0,56b
20,50b 0,49d 10,76ab
SEM 0,049 0,230 0,111 0,015 0,647
Conclusion
The results of this study can be concluded that the provision of concentrate plus can increase the productivity of taro white cattle that are fed with king grass.
Thank You Note
Thank you to the honorable Rector Unud Prof. Dr. dr. A A. Raka Sudewi, Sp. S (K) for permission to conduct research, Chair of the Institute for Research and Community Service Prof. Dr. Ir. I Gede Rai Maya Temaja, M.P. with the help of facilitating this research, the Chair and members of Yayasan Lembu Putih Taro who had given permission and assisted in this research and all the research teams that had worked so hard that this research could be completed according to plan.
Bibliography
Tabel 1. Effect of Ration and Sex on Dry Material Consumption, Protein Consumption, Energy Consumption, Life Weight Gain, and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) on White Cattle Taro
Description: Numbers with the same letters in each different variable are non significant at the level of 5%; SEM = Standard error of the treatment means.
