ISSN 2550 - 1291
ADVANCES IN RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
Advances in Renewable Energy Technology are a biannual journal whose primary
interdisciplinary focus is on sustainable and renewable energy technologies. The
coverage of the journal includes the areas of Bioenergy, Geothermal, Hydrogen,
Hydropower, Ocean, Solar and Wind energy.
Advances in Renewable Energy Technology
Volume 1 Number 1, February 2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Spray Angle Evaluations of Waste Cooking Oil on the Simple Nozzle
Tip 1 - 3
I K.G. Wirawan, Ainul Ghurri, Wayan Nata Septiadi, I G.K. Sukadana
Influence of Forced-Flow from Cooling-Fluid to the Efficiency of the
Production of Arak Bali as an Alternative Fuel 4 - 8
I Gusti Ketut Sukadana, I Gusti Ngurah Putu Tenaya
Utilization of Hydropower as Renewable Energy to Enhance the Growth of River Fish at Dusun Pagi Desa Senganan Kecamatan Penebel District of Tabanan
9 - 1 3
I Putu Ardana, Lie Jasa
Analysis of Electrical-Load Fluctuation at Engineering Building of
Udayana University 14 - 16
IW Arta Wijaya, IGN Janardana, CGI Partha , IN Budiastra
Advances in Renewable Energy Technology, Vol. 1 No. 1, February 2017 14
Abstract In providing electric energy is required stability and reliability for servicing continuity in order to satisfy load demand.
One of cause to the absent of a good continuing service and the emergence of electric power losses is the balance of load.
Electric energy is a very importance needed but it also would be dangerous for the user and environment, when its installation and its loading are not good and right. Sudirman Campuss of Engineering Faculty,Udayana University is a education institute that has some non reguler department , which is has administration and lecturing activity that requires the use of electric apparatus. Due to the unbalance of electric load ing at the buildings in the Sudirman Campuss, Engineering Faculty, it is frequent to have blackouts when the lecture activity still in progress. This would disturb the convinience of personal activity. The objective of this research is to analyse and determine the current in each phase on electric system and to determine the unbalance on the electric system of Engineering Faculty, Udayana University, at Denpasar Campuss. From the analysis , it is found that the average percentage of the unbalance load before load reconfiguration is conducted is about 49.4% . After load balancing is conducted, it is found that the average percentage load reduce to 5.87%. So that the average percentage of unbalance load can be reduced, and at this stage , the load has been balance as its unbalance load percentage less than 20%.
Key word : Unbalance load, electric power losses.
I. INTRODUCTION1
Engineering Faculty, Udayana University,Sudirman Campuss, is an education institute that has some non reguler department , in which all administration and academic activity is require electric apparatus. In providing the electric energy, it could be dangerous for the user and environment, when its installation and loading are not right.
Due to the unbalance of the electric load in Engineering Faculty, Sudirman Campuss buildings, there is often to have blackouts in the middle of administration and lecturing activity. This bring unconvinience situation for the academics personal.
In order to overcome this problem, this research is conducted to analyse and determine the current in each phase in the electric system, determine the unbalance load and evaluate the uses of conducting cables in electric system of Engineering Faculty, Udayana University at Denpasar Campuss. From the analysis is then expected to have a
better one line diagram electric installation and balanced load, so that it can improve the electric service quality. The methods used in this research is electric data usage for each phase in Engineering Faculty buildings. This data is obtained by site survey to measure and determine load capacity for each phase using Multi Tester and Tang Ampere.
Based on the problems mentioned in the introduction, it can be formulated the problems i.e. Is the load balancing can reduce the blackouts frequent and reduce the electric power losses in the buildings of Engineering Faculty, Udayana University, Sudirman Campuss, as well it could provide a reliability electric system.
II. STUDY LITERATURE 2.1 State of the art
The research by Hasyim A [1-3], it found that voltage drop that occurred in Prambana panels, could be fixed by enlarging the conductor or cable diameter. The conditions before load reconfiguration, the conductor diameter required is 185 mm (voltage drop in each phase is still in Arta Wijaya1, Janardana 2 , CGIPartha 3, N Budiastra 4
Analysis of Electrical-Load Fluctuation at Engineering Building of Udayana
University
1,2,3,4
Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Faculty, Udayana University, Bukit Jimbaran, Badung Telp/Fax : 0361 224133,
Email: artawijaya@ee.unud.ac.id
Advances in Renewable Energy Technology, p-ISSN: 2550-1291
tolerance condition or less than 10%), and after load reconfiguration (phase load R-0 = 113 A, phase S-0 =116 A and phase T-0=120 A), so that within conductor diameter of 150 mm, voltage drop in each phase is still in tolerance (voltage drop less than 10%)
Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Suartika M [4] bahwa kondisi kelistrikan daerah Banjar Tulangnyuh setelah dilakukan rekonfigurasi JTR yaitu drop tegangan yang didapat sebesar 4,68% dari tegangan sumber 231V dan rugi-rugi daya sebesar 1,8kW. Sehingga nilai drop tegangan yang didapat setelah rekonfigurasi jaringan sudah sesuai dengan standar PLN yaitu drop tegangan yang diijinkan tidak melebihi 5% [5].
The research by Suartika M [4], it studied that the electric condition in Banjar Tulangnyuh after JTR reconfiguration is voltage drop found about 4.68% from voltage sources 231 V and the power losses 1.8 kW. The voltage drop determined after installation reconfiguration has satisfy PLN standard in which voltage drop allowed is not higher than 5%.
2.2 Unbalance Load
In ideal condition, in which load is balance (3 phase system), then the current through the neutral channel would equal to zero, it means in that channel there is no current flowing. The average of load unbalance (%) : When [I] is the magnitude of phase current in the balance condition, then for the same power distribution but in unbalance condition, the magnitude of phase current can be described with coefficient a, b, c as follows : [5-7].
[Ir] = a [I]
[Is] = b [I]
[It] = c [I]
[Ir] = a [Irata-rata] , [Is] = b [Irata-rata] , [It] = c [Irata-rata] ,
In balance condition, the magnitude of coefficient a, b, c is 1
And the average of load unbalance (%) is average of load unbalance =
III. METHODS
This research is conducting to analysis load reconfiguration in the panel of Engineering Faculty,Udayana University,Sudirman Campus buildings.
To be able to analysis the electric power loading , it would
conduct some measurement and observation. For example, the measurement of voltage, phase current, power factor, diameter and type of cable used , and distance between panel. These data would be used as load balancing references (load reconfiguration)
Data analysis is conducted descriptively , by analyzing calculated data that found by order as follows :
1. Analysis the balance of load by comparing the magnitude of the current in each phase at peak load.
2. Determine voltage drop so then the power losses (at existing condition) can be found.
3. Conducting loading reconfiguration.
4. Calculated voltage drop so then power losses (after loading configuration) can be found.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The largest unbalance load is occurred on panel DPD3, which is panel in building D third floor about 89.58% and the average for the whole panels is 49.4%. To overcome those problem, it should be conducted the load reconfiguration. The load reconfiguration is conducted by removing some load to the other phase.
After load configuration, the percentage of unbalance load is decrease and it found the average unbalance load about 5.89%
MCB is a Mini Circuit Breaker that uses as a safety apparatus of excess current. MCB 3 phase has work principal as same as MCB 1 phase which is protects the excess current that cause by the occurring of over load and excess current due to the short current. The differences is the MCB 3 phase become a parent of a panel , by then it divided into groups equally. So that , it should be known the magnitude of current flowing in the MCB using formula as follows :
P=V x I x cos ϕ
4064 =220 x I x0.85=21.73 Ampere
So the MCB used should be larger than 21.73 Ampere. In electric installation diagram of building B, the MCB used should has current limit of 25 Ampere, because it higher than 21.73 Ampere. So that the third floor would use MCB 25 Ampere.
The cable used is cable type NYM as NYM cable has PVC isolation. Some NYM cable has 1, 2, 3, and 4 core.
For 1 phase installation use cable with 3 core, which is phase Nul and Ground. NYM cable has also 2 isolation so that it can be used in dry and wet environment
15
Advances in Renewable Energy Technology, Vol. 1 No. 1, February 2017 16
V. CONCLUSIONS
From the analysis it can be concluded as follows before load reconfiguration is conducting, the average percentage of the unbalance load is 49.4%. After balancing the load, the average percentage of unbalance load is found 5.87%.
So that the average percentage of unbalance load can be reduced, which mean the load has already balance as the percentage of unbalance load is less than 20%.
REFERENCES
[1] Hasyim. A. Perbaikan jatuh tegangan dan rekonfigurasi beban pada panel utama prambanan (in bahasa Indonesia). Seminar Nasional Teknologi Informasi & Komunikasi Terapan 2011
[2] Kadir, A. Distribusi Dan UntilisasiTenagaListrik (in bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: UI_Press. 2000..
[3] Suartika, M., Arta, W. Rekonfigurasi Jaringan Tegangan Rendah untuk memperbaiki Drop Tegangan di Daerah Banjar Tulangnyuh Klungkung (in bahasa Indonesia). Majalah Ilmiah Teknologi Elektro Vol. 9 No. 2 Desember 2010 Hal: 175 – 181.
[4] SPLN 72, Spesifikasi Desain Untuk Jaringan Tegangan Menengah (JTM) Dan Jaringan Tegangan Rendah (JTR) (in bahasa Indonesia).
Jakarta : Departemen Pertambangan dan Energi Perusahaan Umum Listrik Negara. 1987.
[5] Setiadji, Syukriadin, Firdaus R. Analisis Aliran Daya Beban Tidak Seimbang Pada Feeder Blang Bintang GH Lamboro Banda Aceh.
Snete 2012.
[6] Suryatmo.F. Teknik Instalasi Penerangan, RinekaCipta, Jakarta, 1993.
[7] William D., dan Stvensen, Jr, “Analisis Sistem Tenaga Listrik”, 1993, Jakarta, Erlangga.
