That undercurrents are present in the many passages of the Aleutian Chain is inevitable. NORTH PACIFIC HYDROCORALS - FISHER 503 Male ampullae are small, rounded-subconical and dense.
HYDROCORALS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC — FISHER 503 The male ampullae are small, rounded-subconical, and densely
On the lateral surfaces of the branches, the cyclosystems are often asymmetrical and wider than on the front. But other cyclosystems, generally smaller than these lateral ones, are numerous on the front of the colony, though rarely con-.
HYDROCORALS OF THE KORTH PACIFIC FISHER 505
506 NATIONAL MUSEUM^I VOLUME 84. of the total diameter of the system; ridges between dactylotomes DC on sides of gastropore. They occur on all sides of the branches, though more numerous in the front and back; but the}' are very scarce on the back of the main trunks.
HYDRO CORALS OF THE NORTH PAOITICJ — FISHER 507
508 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL.84
HYDROCORALS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC — FISHER 509
There are more of them on the lateral surfaces of the branches, but when they are not compressed, the cups are scattered over all surfaces. There are also short flattened spinous processes, especially on the lateral margin or ambitus of the branches, completely independent of cyclosystems or ampullae (pi.
HYDROCORALS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC — FISHER 513
514 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL.84
HYDROCORALS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC — FISHER 515 ALLOPORA SCABIOSA (Broch)
516 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL.84
Allopora's projecting cyclosystems are approximately evenly distributed on all sides of the thick branches, which are slightly flattened or compressed, with truncated and rounded tips. 518 PROCEDURE OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL.84ampullae are unevenly distributed on all surfaces; not busy.
518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL.84 ampullae are unevenly distributed on all surfaces; not crowded
Description.— Cyclosystems (1 to 1.25 mm in diameter) usually have 6 or 7 (5 to 11) dactylotomes characteristically wider at the outer edge. In some cyclosystems the dactylotomes may be larger on one side (as in California), but this is not characteristic of the species.
HYDROCORALS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC — FISHER 523
524 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 84 Specimens examined.— Sea of Okhotsk (stations 5016 and 5017), mimerons frajjments; two of Dr. Fairly numerous, massive, irregular, fused stems form the heavy base of the colony, from which coarsely palmate elements spring (sometimes dichotomously, sometimes not) in irregular branches.
HYDROCORALS OF THE :N^0RTH PACIFIC FISHER 525
526 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL.84 Siicia Islands, Wash., while calif ornica has not been found north of
HYDROCORALS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC FISHER 527
528 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL.84
In the type, colony cups with a few gastrostyles are rather exceptional, but in another colony, cups with one are slightly in the majority. The interior of the cup has a minutely fenestrated, spongy structure, which closely surrounds the style and forms a style chamber almost filled with the style (pi. In some cases the entire width of the style cannot be seen from above due to the encroachment from the roof of the period room.
When the gastrozooid withdraws, it is drawn down the bottom of the cup into the light space immediately surrounding the style—that is, the style chamber. The surface of the coenosteum is firm, with a sugary quality under high magnification and unevenly surrounded by small papillae - less than a dactylopore in diameter. In the example of Carmel Bay, these often form costae on the sides of certain cyclosystems, which are made more prominent by the unevenness of the granite on which the colony grows (p. 60).
Remarks.—This species is distinguished from all Allopora and Stylasts by the peculiar organization of the cyclosystem, which. The number of tentacles of the gastrozooid varies from 5 to 8 and. 39, 40)^ suggests that the presence of 12 tentacles in the gastrozooid may characterize Allopora and 8 Stylaster. The true home of the species is likely to be in the ungrounded region below the lowest tide, as its occurrence in the intertidal zone is quite sporadic.
HYDROCORALS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC — FISHER 531 conspicuous dactylostyles. But the sides of tlie gastropore do not
Ampullae with ridged or wavy surfaces (see also poly-orchis and trachysioma); gastropore narrow, cylindrical;. Colony white or buff (see also polyorchis); gastropore subcylindrical with one chamber with definite style and stout style; male ampulla with low central tubercle, or. Gastropore subcylindrical, gastrostomy affected by angles bysepta and narrower than length of dactylotomes, which are not expanded at outer edge; we cry a lot.
Gastro-relatively shallow, cup-shaped, the top of the large gastro-style partially hidden by narrowed sides of the pore; large style room naarlj'filled by the style.
HYDROCORALS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC — FISHER 533
Diameter of larger cyclo systems 2 to 3 mm; of the smaller ones about 1.5 mm; depth variable, usually less than the extreme width of the cyclosystem, but more than half that width - about three-fifths to four-fifths of the width. These dactylozooids emerge from the dactylotome a considerable distance below the margin of the cyclosystem (Fig. 5d), nowhere near the margin proposed by Moseley for C. After escape from the planulae, the remains of the lid are absorbed or else .
Thickly sprinkled throughout the coenosteum are small shallow pits 0.07 to 0.11 mm in diameter, the nematofore pits. The surface of the coenosteum under low magnification is smooth, butmider high shows fine low anastomosing ridges, 0.05 to 0.08 mm in diameter. HYDROCORALS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC- FISHER 535 Specimens examined.— The type and several small fragments from.
HYDROCORALS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC — FISHER 535 Specimens examintd.— The type and several small fragments from
536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.84 dactylotomes are connected by a narrow calcareous network, below which the pores connect to a spacious ventral chamber, the walls of which are spongy and deeply fenestrated. The dactyl canal is not definitely oriented either towards the end of the branch or in the opposite direction, as in most Errine species.
HYDROCORALS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC — FISHER 537 The surface is covered with thin-walled, crowded, blisterlike female
538 COLLECTIONS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VL vol.84 part of the cavity, which is sunk below the surface. They are about two-thirds the diameter of those in the second specimen and are probably ampullae of the male. Diagnosis. Colony dendritic, flabeliform, yellowish yellow; gastropores extremely small (0.16 to 0.2 mm in diam.), relatively deep, with a slender sharp margin extending about halfway up the opening;
The three main branches %\dth their branclilets lie in the same general plane, so that the colony is usually flabellate. The main trunk of the colony is 18 to 25 mm thick, slightly compressed above the base, this compression becoming more and more pronounced until the distal or upper branches are markedly flattened or compressed, with truncate or rounded ends. Most of the zooids are on one side of the colony, which can be called the front.
On the main branches where they are less crowded (except on the abundant ampullae) the furrow can be turned in any direction depending on the position of the associated gastropore. While the gastropores are scattered, such as on the trunk and main branches, 2 or 3 small dactylopores are associated with a gastropore, but the furrow is not always directed toward the gastropore. HYDROCORALS OF THE KORTH PACIFIC FISHER 539 The gastropores are very small, 0.13 to 0.18 mm at the opening and.
HYDROCOELE OF THE NORTH PACIFIC— FISHER 541 thin walls of ampullae are perforated by irregular pores which form.
HYDROCOEALS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC — FISHER 541 thin walls of the ampullae are perforated by irregular pores forming a
542 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL.84 with a cheval-de-frise of small spicules - the dactylo style. These form a slight convexity, often at the base of a protrusion, and the cavity varies in diameter from slightly less to slightly more than that of a gastropore. The surface of the coenosteum is minutely fenestrated and spongy, with branching processes that are more irregular in the concavities than on the processes and more pronounced on the distal than on the proximal parts of the branches.
Also from Point Sur, Cahf., 50 to 90 feet, taken by cod fisherman from Vito Bruno, Monterey, Cahf., large colony, gift of Dr.
HYDROCORALS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC — FISHER 543 Genus DISTICHOPORA Lamarck
The diameter of the ampoule 1 to 1.25 mm or approx. t^dce that of the male ampoules; dorsal wall thicker than in male; inner surface fenestrated, often with irregularly branched spicules, which anastomose to a broad-meshed spongy superstructure on the wall itself. On the main branches the coenosteum is firmer, but the surface is not smooth to the touch, nor is there any of the slight gloss or "finish" found in D. The fighter bands on the apparent vermiculation plates 72 and 73 are part of the more porous structure of the surface layer and partly to microscopic spicules.
These are most visible (under high magnification) in the projections of the dactylotome and in the ridges that cross the ampullae. This species lacks dactylotomy projections and has a smooth, purple, violet, rose, red, or deep apricot corallum, D. Gastropores (0.1 mm to 0.12 mm) are one-fourth to one-third of the average pore diameter of horealis.
The relatively wide and low female ampullae sometimes occupy the entire width of a branch (pi. 75) and are not corrugated, but are covered like the rest of corals with microscopic convexities or knobs. As the type figure of Dana is very small, a photograph, enlarged five times, is given (pi. 75).
HYDROCORALS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC — FISHER 545
LITERATURE CITED
HYDROCORALS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC — FISHER 547
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
HYDROCORALS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC — FISHER 549
550 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL,843-3d, Alloporabrochi: 3, Type, ; 3a, type, X 20, a full size cyclosystem and two female ampoules; 36, type, X 20, cross-section of a cyclostera and two ampoules; 3c, type, X 20, a gastrostyle, also with spicules on the wall of the period room; Allopora moseleyana forma leptostyla: 1, Fragment of male colony with ampullae, front view, X 2; 2, largest part of colony type, front view, X1%; 3,. 1-16, Allopora moseleyana: 1, Two cyclosystems of type, ; p, coenosteal pore); 1a, X 30, segmented cyclosystem with robust style, 0.47 mm long, the ventral or lower chamber of the gastropore shown darker; 16, above the edge of the cyclosystem is another intended to represent its normal variation in depth.
HYDROCORALS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC — FISHER 551
The dotted line crossing the gastrostyles indicates the bottom of the cup; the bottom dashed line is the bottom of the colony, which here was very thin; on the right is a whole dactylopore. 2, 2a, Allopora venusta: 2, A cyclosystem from above, specimen from Cape Flattery, X 30; 2a, cross section of a cyclo system for comparison with Fig. 3-36, Allopora californica: 3, Three cyclosystems from a specimen from Monterey Bay, X 30; 3a, a cyclosystem of the type, X 30; 36, part of a cyclosystem, specimen from Monterey Bay, X 30; on either side are parts of female ampullae.
Crypiohelia trophostega: 1, A lid with dorsal wall removed to show the enclosed ampullae, the circular openings of which are in the lower wall of each chamber and thus pierce the lower wall of the lid directly over the gastropore, X 15; 2, a cyclosystem seen from the side, with a lid with two points for attachment, the spots indicating hematophore pits, X 15; 3, a cross-section of a cyclosystem with two points of attachment, three ampullae (a) shown in section and at the bottom of the gastropore the very small ventral chamber (vc), X 5; 4, a cyclosystem seen directly from above after removing the cover in the trunk, which are parts of three am-.
HYDROCORALS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC — FISHER 553
S NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 84 PLATE 34
S NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS. VOU 84 PLATE 36
S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS VOL 84 PLATE 40
S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL 84 PLATE 42
S NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 84 PLATE 43
BOREOPACIFICA (3)
S NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL 84 PLATE 58
S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL 84 PLATE 71
