10 CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
A. Types of Idiom
Of the 67 total data, there are 3 out of the 3 types of idiom found in the novel based on Fernando’s theory. They are pure idiom (34 data), semi idiom (15 data), and literal idiom (18 data). The following is the table that shows representative data from each category:
No. Idiomatic Expressions Types of Idiom
1. “I’ve got my hands full.” (p. 106) Pure idiom 2. He came to us dead broke. (p. 172) Semi idiom 3. ...heart to heart talk on the veranda? (p. 25) Literal idiom
Table C.1
Datum 1 is one example of pure idioms in The Great Gatsby. According to Ayto’s book entitled Oxford Dictionary of English Idioms (2009:194), “hands full” is an idiom that means extremely busy. This idiom was uttered by Nick when Gatsby offered him a job that was quite profitable, but Nick politely refused and said that he was very busy with the work he already had. Meanwhile, the literal interpretation of the term “hands full” is that the hands are full of something. In Idioms and Idiomaticity, Fernando (1996:1) states that pure idiom is the type of idioms which the implied message is very different from its meaning if translated literally. “Hands full” is categorized as pure idiom because its real meaning of the idiom (extremely busy) has nothing to do with the literal interpretation of the term (the hands are full of something). This idiom has the constituent words which its real meaning is very different if interpreted literally and have no connection at all.
Datum 2 is one example of semi idioms in The Great Gatsby. In Oxford Dictionary of English Idioms (2009:96), “dead broke” is an idiom that means completely broke or very
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poor. This idiom was used by Gatsby to describe the situation of Tom's friend, Walter Chase, who once came and asked Gatsby for help when Walter was really poor and had no money at all. If the idiom “dead broke” is interpreted literally, it has the meaning of someone dies in a poor condition or dies from poverty. According to Fernando (1996:1), semi idiom is the type of idioms that consists of at least one literal and one figurative component. The term “dead broke” consists of two words, they are “dead” and “broke”.
“Dead” means to lose life, while “broke” means no money at all. “Dead broke” is categorized as semi idiom because it is formed from one literal and one figurative element.
The word "dead" here is the figurative element (not related to the actual meaning), while the word "broke" is the literal one which has the real meaning of the idiom (broke/poor).
Datum 3 is one example of literal idioms in The Great Gatsby. In Longman Idioms Dictionary by Stern (1998:171), “heart to heart talk” is an idiom that means a deep conversation between two people who share with each other about their thoughts and feelings or their personal problems. The idiom was uttered by Tom to quip his wife, Daisy, who was seen chatting so closely with Nick. The term “heart to heart talk” has literal interpretation of a talk between one person’s heart with another person’s heart. Fernando (1996:1) defines that literal idiom is the type of idioms that less complex than the others since it uses the literal words in the term. “Heart to heart talk” is categorized as literal idiom because it uses the literal words and if the idiom "heart to heart talk" is interpreted literally, it leads to its true meaning. In addition, both the actual meaning of the idiom or its literal interpretation, both have similarities in language structure that also helps to make it easier to interpret the implied message in the context.
B. Idiom Translation Strategies
Of the 67 total data found, there are 5 out of the 6 translation strategies used by the translator referring to Baker’s theory. They are Using an idiom of similar meaning and form (13 data), Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form (2 data), Translation by paraphrase (38 data), Translation by omission of a play on idiom (5 data), and
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Translation by omission of entire idiom (1 datum). No data found for the strategy of Borrowing the source language idiom. However, there is another strategy found which is the old version of Baker’s theory (1992), namely Literal translation (8 data), because of the discovery of data showing that the translator renders them literally or word for word in the TL. The following is the table that shows representative data from each category:
No. Source Language Types of Idiom Target Language Translation Strategy 1. ...washing his hands of
the whole matter. (p. 70)
Pure idiom ...cuci tangan dari seluruh persoalan.
(p. 87)
Using an idiom of similar meaning and
form 2. ...a sturdy straw-haired
man of thirty with a rather hard mouth...
(p. 9)
Pure idiom ...seorang lelaki tegap berambut pirang berusia tiga puluh dengan mulut kasar...
(p. 16)
Using an idiom of similar meaning and
form 3. —the knuckle was black
and blue. (p. 15)
Pure idiom —buku jarinya babak belur. (p. 24)
Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form 4. “Civilization’s going to
pieces,” (p. 16)
Pure idiom “Peradaban akan hancur berkeping- keping,” (p. 26)
Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form 5. ...I suspected that he was
pulling my leg... (p. 84)
Pure idiom ...aku menyangka dia membohongiku...
(p. 103)
Translation by paraphrase
6. “He isn’t causing a row,” (p. 167)
Pure idiom “Dia tidak membuat masalah,”
Translation by paraphrase 7. ...started off on a three
months’ trip to the South Seas. (p. 99)
Semi idiom ...memulai pesiar ke Laut Selatan selama tiga bulan. (p. 120)
Translation by omission of a play on idiom 8. ...somehow they ended
up at Gatsby’s door.
(p. 53)
Semi idiom ...entah bagaimana mereka tiba-tiba berakhir di pintu Gatsby. (p. 66)
Translation by omission of a play on idiom
13 9. ...and cried to beat the
band all afternoon.
(p. 45)
Pure idiom ...dan menangis
sepanjang sore. (p. 58)
Translation by omission of entire idiom 10. ...but he wasn’t fit to lick
my shoe. (p. 44)
Pure idiom ...tapi dia bahkan tidak pantas menjilat sepatuku. (p. 58)
Literal translation (Baker, 1992) Table D.1
“Washing his hands” is pure idiom. If this term is interpreted literally, it means cleaning hands with water. Meanwhile, in this context, the term "washing hands" is an idiom that has the meaning of running away from responsibility according to Cambridge Idioms Dictionary (2006:408). This term is classified as pure idiom because the two interpretations (idiomatic meaning and literal meaning) are clearly different and have no connection at all. The translator renders the English idiom, “washing his hands”, into an Indonesian idiom, “cuci tangan”. According to Kamus Idiom Bahasa Indonesia (1993:97), the idiom “cuci tangan” means not wanting to take responsibility for mistakes, while the literal interpretation is rinsing hands. “Cuci tangan” is also pure idiom because the real meaning of the idiom has nothing to do with literal interpretation. So it can be seen that the translator tends to be faithful in rendering the idiom with the same type for TL, which is from pure idiom to pure idiom.
Source Language : ...washing his hands of the whole matter. (p. 70) Target Language : ...cuci tangan dari seluruh persoalan. (p. 87)
The translator uses the strategy of using an idiom of similar meaning and form in Datum 1. According to Baker (2018:77), using an idiom of similar meaning and form is a strategy that involves the use of idioms from TL which have the same equivalent in meaning and sentence structure as the SL. The idiom “washing his hands” was used in the novel to define Owl Eyes' actions after he plunged his car into a ditch. Owl Eyes knew that he was not very good at driving but he still did it anyway. However, after his car was in an accident, he acted as if he didn't know anything. The translator renders the idiom
“washing his hands” into “cuci tangan” in Indonesian. They have the same or similar meaning and form in both TL and SL. The Indonesian idiom has the same meaning with the idiom in English. In Cambridge Idioms Dictionary (2006:408) and Kamus Idiom Bahasa Indonesia (1993:97), “washing his hands” and “cuci tangan”, they both mean
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refusing to admit mistakes that have been made and run away from responsibility. And the two idioms also share the similar form. If the SL or the English idiom, "washing his hands", is translated to Indonesian literally, it turns into "mencuci tangannya/cuci tangan”
which proves that they both have the similar form in the structure and context.
“Hard mouth” is pure idiom. This term has the literal interpretation of a rough textured mouth. Meanwhile, in this context, the term "hard mouth" is an idiom that has the meaning of a person's stubborn and obstinate attitude according to Longman Idioms Dictionary (1998:162). This term is classified as pure idiom because the two interpretations (idiomatic meaning and literal meaning) are clearly different and have no connection at all. The translator renders the English idiom, “hard mouth”, into an Indonesian idiom, “mulut keras”. According to Kamus Idiom Bahasa Indonesia (1993:299), the idiom “mulut keras” means a fanatical attitude of one’s stance to the point where he does not want to accept other people's criticism, while the literal interpretation is a mouth that is hard. “Mulut keras” is also pure idiom because the literal interpretation and the true meaning are really unrelated. The translator chooses faithful translation in rendering the idiom with the same type, which is from pure idiom to pure idiom.
Source Language : ...a sturdy straw-haired man of thirty with a rather hard mouth...
(p. 9)
Target Language : ...seorang lelaki tegap berambut pirang berusia tiga puluh dengan mulut kasar... (p. 16)
The translator also uses the strategy of using an idiom of similar meaning and form in Datum 2. According to Baker (2018:77), using an idiom of similar meaning and form is a strategy in which the translator uses idioms in the TL that have an equivalent meaning and similar form to the SL. The idiom “hard mouth” was used in the novel when Nick described the physical stature and character of Tom. The translator renders the idiom “hard mouth” into “mulut keras” in Indonesian. They share the same or similar meaning and form in both TL and SL. The Indonesian idiom has the same meaning with the idiom in English. In Longman Idioms Dictionary (1998:162) and Kamus Idiom Bahasa Indonesia (1993:299), “hard mouth” and “mulut keras”, they both mean a tough character of
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someone who does not want to lose in a debate against others. And the two idioms also have similar form. If the SL or the English idiom, "hard mouth", is translated to Indonesian literally, it turns into "mulut keras” which proves that they both have the similar form in the structure and context.
“Black and blue” is pure idiom. This term means two shades of color (black and blue) if it is interpreted literally. However, in Cambridge Idioms Dictionary, Walter (2006:102) states that “black and blue” is an idiom that actually means a bruise that is quite fatal in the context of the story. This term is classified as pure idiom because its literal meaning (color: black and blue) and its meaning in idioms (bruise) are completely unrelated. The translator renders the English idiom, “black and blue”, into an Indonesian idiom, “babak belur”. According to Kamus Idiom Bahasa Indonesia (1993:14), the idiom
“babak belur” means a blister and swelling that looks bruised blue. Meanwhile, “babak belur” is an idiom that consists of two words. They are “babak” and “belur”. If interpreted literally, “babak” means parts in a particular situation, and “belur” means to see; to think hard, according to Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. “Babak belur” is also pure idiom because there is no relation between the literal interpretation and the idiomatic meaning.
Therefore, the translator tends to be faithful in rendering the idiom with the same type in TL, which is from pure idiom to pure idiom.
Source Language : —the knuckle was black and blue. (p. 15) Target Language : —buku jarinya babak belur. (p. 24)
The translator uses the strategy of using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form in Datum 3. Baker (2018:79) defines that using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form is a strategy that uses idioms in TL which have the same meaning as the SL but the form or the sentence structure is different. The idiom “black and blue’ was used to describe Daisy's knuckle which looked very bruised and she accused her husband, Tom, of causing it. The translator renders the idiom “black and blue” into “babak belur” in Indonesian. They have the same or similar meaning in both TL and SL but dissimilar form.
The Indonesian idiom has the same meaning with the idiom in English. In Cambridge Idioms Dictionary (2006:102) and Kamus Idiom Bahasa Indonesia (1993:14), “black and
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blue” and “babak belur”, they both mean a severe bruise. However, the two idioms have the dissimilar form. If the SL or the English idiom, “black and blue”, is translated to Indonesian literally, it turns into “hitam dan biru” which is not a form of idiom in Indonesian. Accordingly, the translator uses the Indonesian idiom “babak belur” that has the same meaning as the idiom in the SL even though it is in the distinctive structure or form.
“Going to pieces” is pure idiom. If this term is interpreted literally, it means something that breaks into many parts. However, in English Idioms in Use Intemediate (2002:184), “going to pieces” is an idiom that actually means destruction in the context of the story. This term is classified as pure idiom because its literal meaning and its meaning in idioms are completely unrelated. The translator renders the English idiom, “going to pieces”, into an Indonesian idiom, “hancur berkeping-keping”. According to Kamus Idiom Bahasa Indonesia (1993:61), the idiom “hancur berkeping-keping” means a maximum destruction. “Hancur berkeping-keping” is an idiom that consists of two main words. They are “hancur” and “berkeping-keping”. If interpreted literally, according to Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, “hancur” means to break into small pieces or crumble, while
“berkeping-keping” means something made up of small parts. “Hancur berkeping-keping”
is semi idiom because it consists of one literal and one figurative element. The word
“hancur” is the literal component which has the true meaning of the term, while the word
“berkeping-keping” is the figurative component of the idiom. Hence, the translator chooses unfaithful translation in rendering the idiom with different type for TL, which is from pure idiom to semi idiom.
Source Language : “Civilization’s going to pieces,” (p. 16)
Target Language : “Peradaban akan hancur berkeping-keping,” (p. 26)
The translator also uses the strategy of using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form in Datum 4. Baker (2018:79) defines that using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form is a strategy in which the translator uses idioms in TL with a different form from SL but still has the same meaning. The idiom “going to pieces’ was used when Tom thought that if other races took over what white people had achieved, then
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civilization would collapse. The translator renders the idiom “going to pieces” into “hancur berkeping-keping” in Indonesian. They have the same or similar meaning in both TL and SL but a slightly different form. The Indonesian idiom has the same meaning with the idiom in English. In English Idioms in Use Intemediate (2002:184) and Kamus Idiom Bahasa Indonesia (1993:61), “going to pieces” and “hancur berkeping-keping”, they both mean a destruction or collapse of something. However, the two idioms have slightly dissimilar form. If the SL or the English idiom, “going to pieces”, is translated to Indonesian literally, it turns into “menjadi bagian-bagian/menjadi kepingan-kepingan”
which is not a form of idiom in Indonesian. Accordingly, the translator uses the Indonesian idiom “hancur berkeping-keping” that has the same meaning as the idiom in the SL even though it is in a slightly distinctive structure or form.
“Pulling my leg” is pure idiom. If this term is interpreted literally, it has the meaning of causing leg to move toward itself. While in this context, “pulling my leg” is an idiom that means telling lies according to Ayto in Oxford Dictionary of English Idioms (2009:310). This term is classified as pure idiom because the actual meaning of this idiom (lying) is very much different from its literal interpretation (moving the leg).
Source Language : ...I suspected that he was pulling my leg... (p. 84) Target Language : ...aku menyangka dia membohongiku... (p. 103)
The translator uses the strategy of translation by paraphrase in Datum 5. According to Baker (2018:81), translation by paraphrase is a strategy used when it is difficult to find the equivalent of an idiom for TL, which the translator then renders the idiom by paraphrasing the actual meaning in the TL. The idiom was uttered by Nick when he was initially skeptical about the story that Gatsby told about his family clan and Nick thought all the stories were just lies. The translator renders the idiom “pulling my leg” into
“membohongiku” in Indonesian. In Oxford Dictionary of English Idioms (2009:310), the idiom “pulling my leg” means saying something that is not true. The translator renders the term “pulling my leg” by paraphrasing it using the true meaning of the idiom into
“membohongiku” in Indonesian which also has the meaning of speaking dishonestly. Even though the TL is not in the form of idiom, it still delivers the actual message contained in
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the SL. Actually, there is an Indonesian idiom that has the same equivalent as the term
“pulling my leg” which is “bermulut besar”. In Kamus Idiom Inggris-Indonesia (2008:385), “bermulut besar/mulut besar” means like making things up. From “...I suspected that he was pulling my leg...” into “...aku menyangka dia bermulut besar...”
Even though the Indonesian idiom has a different form from the English idiom, they both carry a same or similar message of meaning.
“Causing a row” is pure idiom. If this term is interpreted literally, it means creating a row. While in this context, “causing a row” is an idiom that means making a problem or dissension according to Cambridge Idioms Dictionary (2006:102). This term is classified as pure idiom because the actual meaning of this idiom (making a problem) is very much different from its literal interpretation (creating a row).
Source Language : “He isn’t causing a row,” (p. 167) Target Language : “Dia tidak membuat masalah,” (p. 198)
The translator also uses the strategy of translation by paraphrase in Datum 6.
According to Baker (2018:81), translation by paraphrase is a strategy in which the translator paraphrases idioms from SL to TL because they cannot find an appropriate idiom equivalent in TL. The idiom was uttered by Daisy when she tried to defend Gatsby who was accused of wanting to cause problems in her household with Tom. The translator renders the idiom “causing a row” into “membuat masalah” in Indonesian. In Cambridge Idioms Dictionary (2006:102), the idiom “causing a row” means causing a problem. The translator renders the term “causing a row” by paraphrasing it using the true meaning of the idiom into “membuat masalah” in Indonesian which also has the meaning of creating conflict. Even though the TL is not in the form of idiom, it still delivers the actual message contained in the SL. Actually, there is an Indonesian idiom that has the same equivalent as the term “causing a row” which is “menyulut api”. In Kamus Idiom Bahasa Indonesia (1993:90), “menyulut api” means to complicate a situation so that a problem or conflict arises. From “He isn’t causing a row,” into “Dia tidak menyulut api,” Even though the Indonesian idiom has a different form from the English idiom, they both carry a same or similar message of meaning.
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“Started off” is semi idiom. In Cambridge Idioms Dictionary (2006:300), “started off” is an idiom that means causing something or someone to begin to do something.
“Started off” is formed from two words, they are “started” and “off”. This term is classified as semi idiom because it is formed from one figurative and one literal element. The word
“off” is the non-literal element or figurative component, while the word “started” is the literal element (or is interpreted literally and has the real meaning).
Source Language : ...started off on a three months’ trip to the South Seas. (p. 99) Target Language : ...memulai pesiar ke Laut Selatan selama tiga bulan. (p. 120)
The translator uses the strategy of translation by omission of a play on idiom in Datum 7. In In Other Words, Baker (2018:85) states that translation by omission of a play on idiom is a strategy used by the translator to remove the play on idiom or the figurative element of the idiom without reducing the essence of its real meaning. The idiom “started off” was uttered by Jordan to tell the story of Daisy who started her honeymoon by docking on a cruise ship for three months right after her marriage. The translator renders the idiom
“started off” into “memulai” in Indonesian. According to Cambridge Idioms Dictionary (2006:300), the term “started off” means a start in doing something. “Started off” is a combination of words which comes from “started” and “off”. “Started” is a verb that means a beginning to operate or do something. Meanwhile, the word “off” is a preposition which is also the figurative element omitted by the translator here since she simply translates the SL into “memulai” in Indonesian. Even though the play on the idiom is omitted and then translated literally, there is no loss of the real meaning and it does not create a new meaning formation in the TL.
“Ended up” is semi idiom. In Oxford Dictionary of English Idioms (2009:82),
“ended up” is an idiom that means to reach the end of a situation. “Ended up” is formed from two words, they are “ended” and “up”. This term is classified as semi idiom because it is formed from one figurative and one literal element. The word “up” is the non-literal
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element or figurative component, while the word “ended” is the literal element (or is interpreted literally and has the real meaning).
Source Language : ...somehow they ended up at Gatsby’s door. (p. 53)
Target Language : ...entah bagaimana mereka tiba-tiba berakhir di pintu Gatsby.
(p. 66)
The translator also uses the strategy of translation by omission of a play on idiom in Datum 8. Baker (2018:85) states that translation by omission of a play on idiom is a strategy in which the translator eliminates the play on idiom but does not reduce the message of meaning in the idiom at all. The idiom “ended up” was uttered by Nick when he was wondering why he was the only person who received an invitation from Gatsby, while people just came and ended up at the door of Gatsby's magnificent house for the party without any invitation. The translator renders the idiom “ended up” into “berakhir”
in Indonesian. According to Oxford Dictionary of English Idioms (2009:82), the term
“ended up” means to reach a final state or situation due to a certain action. “Ended up” is a combination of words which comes from “ended” and “up”. “Ended” is a verb that means to reach a final place or situation of particular action. Meanwhile, the word “up” is a preposition which is also the figurative element omitted by the translator here since she simply translates the SL into “berakhir” in Indonesian. Even though the play on the idiom is omitted and then translated literally, there is no loss of the real meaning and it does not create a new meaning formation in the TL.
“Beat the band” is pure idiom. This term means winning from the band if it is interpreted literally. However, in Longman Idioms Dictionary (1998:56), “beat the band”
is an idiom that has the meaning of doing something beyond what other people do. This term is classified as pure idiom because the literal interpretation of this term (winning from the band) is very distinctive and has nothing to do with the idiomatically implied meaning (doing something beyond what other people do).
Source Language : ...and cried to beat the band all afternoon. (p. 45) Target Language : ...dan menangis sepanjang sore. (p. 58)
The translator uses the strategy of translation by omission of entire idiom in Datum 9. Baker (2018:86) states that translation by omission of entire idiom is a strategy used by
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translator by eliminating the entire idiom in the sentence but still being able to convey the message without creating new meaning. The idiom was used to describe a situation where Myrtle cried as loud as possible because she was disappointed with the man she had just married turned out to be poor, even her husband borrowed somebody’s best suit to get married in. The translator does not render the idiom or omit it in the TL. According to Stern in Longman Idioms Dictionary (1998:56), the term “beat the band” means to the most possible level of doing something. Since there is no equivalent in Indonesian idiom and it is quite intricate to be paraphrased as well, the translator omits the entire idiom in the TL. Even though the idiom from the SL is omitted, it does not affect the real message of the text at all and does not result in the emergence of new meanings in the TL.
“Lick my shoe” is pure idiom. If this term is interpreted literally, it means touching shoe with tongue. While in the context, according to Cambridge Idioms Dictionary (2006:217), “lick my shoe” is an idiom that means doing things that can please someone.
This term is classified as pure idiom because there is absolutely no relation between the literal interpretation and the actual meaning.
Source Language : ...but he wasn’t fit to lick my shoe. (p. 44)
Target Language : ...tapi dia bahkan tidak pantas menjilat sepatuku. (p. 58)
The translator uses the strategy of literal translation (Baker, 1992) in Datum 10.
According to Baker (1992:74), literal translation is a strategy in which the translator renders the idioms word for word in TL. The idiom was uttered by Myrtle when she was talking about her regrets being married to her husband, Wilson. Myrtle initially thought that Wilson was a gentleman, but according to her, Wilson was not even worthy to be subservient as her subordinate. The translator renders the idiom “lick my shoe” into
“menjilat sepatuku” in Indonesian. In Cambridge Idioms Dictionary (2006:217), the term
“lick my shoe” means to flatter and treat someone with the aim of pleasing them, especially those of higher authority. The translator renders the English idiom literally or word for word into “menjilat sepatuku” which is not a form of idiom in Indonesian. The term
"menjilat sepatuku" in the TL is not the real meaning of the English idiom either. This strategy is certainly less recommended in translating idioms since it can cause misleading
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for Indonesian readers for the creation of an untrue meaning in the context. Instead of rendering the idiom word for word, the translator can use the Indonesian idiom, namely
“cari muka”. In Kamus Idiom Inggris-Indonesia (2008:149), “cari muka” is an idiom which means doing something that pleases someone with the intention of getting their attention and sympathy. From “...but he wasn’t fit to lick my shoe.” into “...tapi dia bahkan tidak pantas cari muka denganku”. This Indonesian idiom has a similar meaning to the English idiom even though it is in a different sentence structure, but it certainly can avoid misunderstanding the actual meaning than when translated word for word.
Based on the research results found in the novel, it shows that the translator tends to render the pure idiom using the strategy of translation by paraphrase (25 of 33 data). There are 33 data found which include 25 data using the strategy of translation by paraphrase, 3 data using literal translation, 2 data for using an idiom of similar meaning and form, 2 data for using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form, and 1 datum using the strategy of translation by omission of entire idiom. Translation by paraphrase is an effective choice for the translator in rendering the pure idiom in The Great Gatsby, which are quite difficult to find the equivalent idioms in the TL, considering that every language and culture has its own idiom.
For semi idiom, the translator also mostly uses the strategy of translation by paraphrase (6 of 15 data). There are 15 data found which include 6 data using the strategy of translation by paraphrase, 5 data using translation by omission of a play on idiom, 3 data using literal translation, and 1 datum for using an idiom of similar meaning and form. Similar to pure idiom, the translator mostly uses the strategy of translation by paraphrase in The Great Gatsby for semi idiom with the aim of making it easier for the target reader to understand the true meaning of the idioms by paraphrasing it.
As for literal idiom, the most widely used strategy by the translator is using an idiom of similar meaning and form (9 of 19 data) in the novel. There are 19 data found which include 9 data for the strategy of using an idiom of similar meaning and form, 7 data using translation by
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paraphrase, and 3 data using literal translation. Since literal idiom is the easiest type of idioms to understand even if interpreted literally, the translator mostly chooses to use the strategy of using an idiom of similar meaning and form in The Great Gatsby considering that there are similar idioms in the TL which have the same structure and meaning as the SL.
Of the 67 idioms found in the novel, 15 of them are translated by the translator using two strategies involving the use of Indonesian idioms. And the two strategies are using an idiom of similar meaning and form (13 data) and using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form (2 data). The fifteen data include pure idioms (5 data), semi idiom (1 datum), and literal idioms (9 data). And 4 of 5 data of the pure idioms show that the translator tends to be faithful in rendering the idioms in TL with the same type. Also, for the semi idiom and all data of the literal idioms, the translator chooses faithful translation for the idioms with the same type in TL.
