Being thus prejudiced, as it were, in my views of the relationship of the several forms alluded to, I at first attempted todividethe new seriesaccord- ingly. No other viewseems justifiable, in view of the com- pleteand unquestionableintergradation between themost extremevari- ations. The geographical variations are also unusually pro- nounced, whilelast, but by no means least of the obstacles presented, is the very great range of individual variation within even a limited area of country.
IS. harharus isdistinguished bythe coarseness of its markings, which partakeof the character of roundish or trans- versely-oblongspots,rather thanfinevermiculations,andbythe peculiar development of the shafts of the facial feathers. Generalized specimens, however, orthose which are nottypical of eitheroneorthe other of the several reces, constitute a very large proportion of the. Brazil, Paraguay, and Buenos Ayres), ischaracterized mainly by the very sharpdefinition of the cross-bars on the lower parts,these being usually nearly pure black upon an almost pure white ground,and by.
This has the lower parts as described above, except that the orange-buff of the basal portion of the feathers is brighter, and the black mesial streaks broader. This has theupper plumage much as in the specimen last described, butthe outer webs of the scapulars are bright buff, instead of white, . and the pileum is suffused with blackish, the streaks of this color being thus renderedless distinct. The upper parts are deep brick-rufous, all the feathers with blackish shalt-streaks, these broadest onthe pileum and back; the upper tail- covertsand the sides of the neck only are without thesestreaks.
Eachfeather of the sides, flanks,and abdomen has a mesial streak of blackish-brown (withhere and therea slight external suffusion of paler and more rusty-brown),which color expands into two rather wide, transverse, externallypointed spotson the basal half of the feather,—the terminal half having two or three.
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97 black; rigid feathers at the base of the bill black, with pale grayish terminations; featbers immediately below the eye gray, mottled and broadly tipped with black. Discalfeathersgrayishwhite, manyofthemspeckled,and alltipped with black, presenting a whiteand black semi-collarorrufl'oneachside of the neck. 34;Neck above with a well-defined collar, the feathers composing which are strongly fulvous, terminated with white and speckled with black. 34;Back, rump,tail, and wing-coverts mottled and freckled with gray- ish white,upon a black ground,manyof thefeathers having aboutthree to fivevery irregular transverse bands ofwhitish; on the wing-coverts and back someofthepale marks arealmostcircularwith blackcentres;. othersare of irregular form also enclosingcentres of black.
34; External websofthe primariesblack,withsubquadratenearly white bars, nearly all ofwhich have blackcentres, assuming, also, amoreor less well defined square form. Breast andentireinferiorparts palefulvous,everyfeather conspicu- ously marked on the shaft longitudinally^ with black, and with very irregular transverse bands and irregularly mottled with black; the black markings most numerous and mostirregularonthe breast. of thefeathers on the breastwith very pale, nearly white spots, having somewhat the appearanceof beingdistributed in pairs. manyofwhich have central linesof black. 34;Tarsi feathered tothe toes, pale fulvouswhite, mottled withblack. 34;Bill horn color at the base, whitish at the tip.
Plumage above paler, with small spots aud minute frecklesof grayish white, scarcely assumingtheappearanceof bands. broadpectoralband; lower parts of thebodybrightfulvous, with black marks. 145, but is much larger, and has only one nuchalcollar. The general color above is also much darker; the fulvous colouring of the inferior surfaceof thebody isalso astriking difterence. 34;Onespecimen ofthis speciesin theRivoli collectionislabelled 'Ore- noque', and another in the collection of the Academy is probablyfrom South America.".
The description given in the Journal of the Philadelphia Academy. vol. ii, p. 95) isessentially thesame asthe above.
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34;The rufous ph'pc^r 11 -izil,thus annulling the importanceof geo- that I have seen ftions; 'e, as a furtherproof of specific identity, color withthehead'^^ns. Face, throat, sides of fieck, and jugulum dirty whitish, finely and quite regularly undulat'-l transversely with brownish, the duskyfacial circle not dis- tinct. BiStof lower parts soiled white, the whole surface relieved by . iieryirregtdar^ragged, and confused zigzag linesof dusky brownish, the feathers showing very irregular, but quite distinct, mesial, blackish streaks, with which thetransverse markings unite.
Salvin and Godman's collection, exhibit a gradual transition to the rufous i)hase, sc-arcely twospecimens beingalike in the precise shade of brown, while positively noneagreein thedetails of pattern. On theotherhand, aspecimen from Vera Paz ("O. S has the general dusky coloringabove relieved by very conspicuous, large, and, in places, regularly-oblong, transverse spots of pale fawn-color.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATION AI typical hrasiliamis may be dii as to the markings c
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PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 103 the occiput, where the pale browuish buff spots are very targe and the
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Groundcolor below white, the feathers with very distinct mesial black streaks, from which proceed narrower transverse lines, mostly towardthe end of the feathers. Juv.— Abovefinely-mot- tled grayish, but the mottlings all transverse and the shaft-streaks wanting; below coarsely and rather dimly barred with dark grayish on a dull whitish ground, and with no longitudinal markings. He also mentions " a perfectly gray bird, on which scarcely a tinge of orange coloring remains, either above or below, while the whole appearance of the specimen isdingy, owing to the closeness and frequency of the vermiculations." I have never seen a specimen representing eitherof theseextreme phases, all the speci-.
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SCOPS ASIO
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PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 109 dency toward the rufous phase; all the markings, however, are as iu the
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The transverse lines on the under surface of the body are betterdefined and more numerous.". In the "Birdsof North America" (p. 53), a rufous specimen is de- scribed,which rendersit still morecertain thatCassiu's Sco^s McCallii.
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PROCEEDINGS OP UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 113 lower surface niirrower or more delicate. The differences between the
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SCOPS TRICHOPSIS?
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SCOPS COOPERI
