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Precautionary Behavior of the Covid-19 Protocol in West Palu District;
Thought and Feeling Theory
Abstrak
Entering the third year now, the trend of Covid-19 cases has again increased.
Sourced from the WHO page, currently, the total confirmed positive for Covid-19 in Indonesia until November was 6,582,291 cases (WHO, 2022). The purpose of this study was to see an overview of thoughts and feelings, personal references, human resources and culture of the people of Palu City regarding the implementation of the covid 19 protocol. The research method uses a qualitative
type with the technique of determining informants is Purposive Sampling with the following criteria aged 18-40 years. The number of informants is 23 regular informants, 1 key informant and 1 additional informant. Data validation uses source triangulation and analysis uses content analysis. The results of the study show that thoughts and feelings play a major role in covid prevention behavior where when cases soar high, the protocol is carried out as recommended but when entering the new normal it seems that it has begun to experience relaxation until now even though cases have increased again but the covid 19 protocol has not been implemented properly good. Personal references, namely the role of the task force chairperson, community leaders and youth leaders who provide examples and motivation to the community. Resources in the form of the role of health workers and adequate facilities at a time when cases are increasing but slowly decreasing and even handwashing facilities are no longer found at this time. Specific culture was not seen in this study.
Keywords: Behavior, Prevention, Covid-19
PENDAHULUAN
The Covid-19 pandemic that has hit the world since 2019 has had a tremendous impact. Entering the third year now, the trend of Covid-19 cases has again increased. Sourced from the WHO page, currently, the total that was confirmed positive for Covid-19 in Indonesia until November was 6,582,291 cases (WHO, 2022). Based on data from the Central Sulawesi Provincial Health Office, since August 4 2021 there have been an additional 665 new positive cases of COVID-19 with a total of 25,489 positive cases, an additional 20 cases of death with a total of 721 deaths, and an additional number of cases. recovered as many as 290 cases with a total recovery of 17,209 cases.
Based on data from the Palu City Health Office, explained that the city of Palu ranks highest in the addition of positive confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Central Sulawesi, with an additional 264 new cases, 5 recovered cases and 1 death case. The highest distribution of daily cases of COVID-19 in Palu city until August 4 2021 was in the North Birobuli sub-district with a total number of positive cases of COVID-19 of 146 cases. These additional cases will continue to occur every day if people do not comply with health protocols as an effort to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
Thoughts and feelings, personal references, resources and socio-culture are factors that play a role in preventing the covid 19 protocol. The results of the study show that there is a relationship between knowledge and attitudes towards the behavior of preventing COVID-19 (Detiro, 2020). Knowledge has a correlation with people's behavior in carrying out health protocols, among the factors related to implementing health protocols include education, knowledge and attitudes (Widayanti, 2021).
Personal reference is the existence of someone who is considered capable of being a community reference in making decisions, for example, is a community leader or religious leader. Resources are the availability of facilities that provide opportunities for the community to easily carry out the covid protocol, for example the availability of masks, hand washing areas and social distancing rules in various public places. Ratna Kartika Sari's research (2021), shows that not all residents comply with health protocols. Residents' non-compliance with the implementation of health protocols occurs in various places, both indoors and outdoors. Obvious forms of violations include not wearing masks, and doing activities or gathering without maintaining physical distance. Currently, the community has not fully complied with the government's call to implement the 3M health protocol (Gina Aulia et al., 2021). Among other factors is also culture or habits that are difficult to abandon, such as the habit of gathering without wearing masks, so this is certainly difficult to get used to in society. The purpose of this study was to see an overview of thoughts and feelings, personal references, human resources and culture of the people of Palu City regarding the implementation of the co-19 protocol.
METODE
The type of research used in this study is a qualitative research method using a phenomenological design. Menurut (Sugiyono, 2015) Qualitative research method is a naturalistic research method, which examines the daily life of a person or a particular subject. Qualitative research collects data in the form of personal documents, field notes, statements and actions of respondents. The purpose of qualitative research is to find interactive relationship patterns, describe complex
realities and gain an understanding of meaning. The sampling method in this study was carried out using a purposive sampling technique with the following criteria aged 18-40 years, domiciled in the West Palu District area and willing to become an informant. Source triangulation was carried out for data validation and content analysis techniques for analyzing data.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Characteristics of Informants
The common informants in this study came from a variety of age, educational and occupational backgrounds. This of course will give birth to various information as well. The following table shows the characteristics of the informants in this study.
Tabel 1 Karakteristik Informan
NO NAMA UMUR PENDIDIKAN TERAKHIR
PEKERJAAN Jenis Informan
1. Ja 45
tahun
SMA IRT Informan
Biasa
2. An 32
tahun
SMP IRT Informan
Biasa
3. Ab 26
tahun
SMA Wiraswasta Informan
Biasa
4. Ni 38
tahun
SMA IRT Informan
Biasa
5 Fi 32
tahun
SMP IRT Informan
Biasa
6 Fa 45
tahun
S 1 Ketua Satgas Informan kunci
7 Yu 36
tahun
SMP IRT Informan
Biasa
8 Sr 43
tahun
SMP ART Informan
Biasa
9 Ha 33
tahun
SMP Wiraswasta Informan
Biasa
10 Sa 26
tahun
S1 Wiraswasta Informan
Biasa
11 Mu 18
tahun
SMA Pelajar Informan
Biasa
12 Pu 20 tahun
SMA Mahasiswa Informan
Biasa
13 Wa 22
tahun
SMP Wiraswasta Informan
Biasa
14 Ay 24
tahun
SMA Wiraswasta Informan
Biasa
15 Fa 23
tahun
S1 Pemuda
Karangtaruna
Informan Tambahan Sumber : Data primer, 2022
Hasil dan Pembahasan
The results of interviews with informants show very diverse information, the following are excerpts from interviews obtained:
a. Thoughts and feelings
Thoughts and feelings are something that is contained in a person who can become a knowledge in that person. The results of the interview regarding the thoughts and feelings of the informants can be seen in the excerpts below.
• Bagaimana pelaksanaan protokol Covid-19 saat ini?
“Kalau sekarang kaya maksudnya sudah tidak, tidak ada lagi batasan- batasan tapi kalau ada pertemuan dianjurkan tetap pake masker, yang
buat kegiatan juga mereka menyediakan masker karena kadang masyarakat lengah tidak pake atau lupa jadi ada yang sudah disiapkan.
Dulu betul-betul patuh sekarang sudah tidak ada”(Ja, 45 thn)
“Yah itu cuma didalam rumah tidak kemana-mana Kalau dulu pakee masker itu tetap pake, tapi kan saya ini jarang keluar, tidak tahu
”(An, 32 thn)
“yah kebetulan saya juga ada jualan masker sama kaka, kalau saya lihat pake masker itu sudah jadi kebiasaan, entah mau kemana selalu pake masker, bahkan saya saja yang dulunya selalu lupa kalau ke bank atau kemana pake masker, sekarang ini so te ada. kecuali yang dekat di depan ini saja biasa tidak pake, jadi anu dampaknya itu sebenarnya dulukan banyak juga yang tidak ba patuhi Cuma lantaran sudah terlalu lama, sudah bosan sendiri, akhirnya patuh sendiri heheeh (Ab, 26 thn)”
“yah kalau sekarang ini masih terbawa sama protocol ini, Cuma yang begitu so berkurang yang semprot-semprot hand sanitizer itu kayanya tinggal cuci tangan saja (Ni, 38 tn)
“saat ini sudah tidak seperti dulu lagi, karena kan sekarang sudah masa
new normal jadi tidak terlalu sekali penggunaan masker, kalo untuk protokol covid saat ini sudah lumayan baik dan kebetulan saya satgas covid dan sekarang kasusnya sudah nol” (Sa, 26 thn)
“Menurut keadaan saat ini sudah mulai menurun tetapi bagi saya tidak sepenuhnya menurun maksudnya tetap masih ada virusnya meskipun sudah vaksin tetapi penyakit tersebut masih ada makanya kita kalo diluar tetap pakai masker dan menerapkan protokol kesehatan” (Mu, 17 thn)
“Alhamdulillah sangat baik, kalo tempat tinggal baik” (Pu, 17 thn)
• Bagaimana pelaksanaan penerapan protocol Covid-19 saat kondisi kasus meningkat di waktu lalu ?
Oh bagus, sudah sesuai prosedur kalau menurut saya karena orang sudah dibatasi semua, kaya cafe-cafe dibatasi jam kerjanya, dianjurkan pakai masker, hand sanitizer tempat cuci tangan juga dapat bantuan dari kelurahan” (Ja, 45 thn)
“Iye ketat noh, ada semua itu hand sanitizer, cuci tangan, ada tamu semprot semprot lagi hehehe pokoknya patuh awal awal itu. (Ni, 38 tn)”
“orang-orang sudah patuh saya liat kalau dulu, semuanya kayanya”
(An, 32 thn)
“ih penting sekali karena dari tangan ini kuman apalagi saya ada penyakit paru-paru basah kan gejalanya sama kaya covid-19 tapi tidak postif, saya pernah alami. untung saya kena itu sebelum covid-19 dan sudah pengobatan enam bulan.(Bi, 38 thn) sangat ketat , ketatnya kenapa karna kan kita dituntut untuk dirumah, selain itu karna saya kewirausahaan lalu, ekonomi sempat menurun. (Sa, 26 thn)
“Kondisi di kel baru sangat bagus maksudnya saat ini blum ada lagi yang kena covid untuk tahun ini dan memang sudah mnurun tetapi tahun lalu memang ada tapi sekarang mmg sudah tidak ada” (Mu, 17 thn)
“Terutama itu jaga jarak, harus pakai masker, cuci tangan“(Pu, 17 thn)
• Menurut Anda seberapa penting penerapan protocol Covid-19 di masyarakat ?
“Kalau saya sih, sangat penting karena keluarga sendiri pernah terpapar sampai masuk ICU, kaka saya sempat dua kali jadi kita itu sangat penting
menerapkan protokol kesehatan” (Ja, 45 thn)
“Ada manfaatnya soalnya saya kan sudah biasa pake-pake masker juga, bukan hanya ada covid-19 ini, biasakan debu itu”(An, 32 thn)
“bagus setuju, karena so ta biasa, kan tidak rugi juga. (Ni, 38 thn)
“sangat penting karena kan sekarang masih masa new normal saat ini kan, apalagi sekarang kasus sedang menurun tapi kan masih ada juya yg kena covid jadi itu yg dijaga” (Sa, 26 thn)
“pelaksanaan prtokol seingat saya dlu ada orang orang dari kelurahan yang dtg krumah krumah warga untuk mempringati untuk tetap pakai masker kan sekarang masi masa ppkm atau psbb disini memang ketat aturannya makanya masyarakat hrus tau aturan itu “ (Mu, 17 thn)
• Menurut pendapat Anda jika kebijakan tentang mencuci tangan dan menggunakan masker serta menjaga kebersihan diterapkan meskipun bukan dalam situasi Covid-19?
Iya bagus, kalau saya sih dalam rumah tetap sediakan hand sanitizer habis interaksi dengan orang apalagi pegang uang, setuju tapi tetap ada pelonggaran kaya lalu itu kasian orang-orang yang pengusaha kecil tapi kalau untuk cuci tangan, masker, setuju dan juga sebenarnya itu kesadaran sendiri lagi.(Ja, 45 thn)
“setuju karena itu bagian dari kebersihan” (An, 32 thn) “bagus setuju, karena so ta biasa, kan tidak rugi juga (Ni, 38 thn)
“didalam alquran juga telah dijelaskan bahwa kebersihan itu sebagian dari iman, sebelum covid udah dijelaskan dalam alquran menjaga kebersihan tapi kalo untuk masker itu kurang tau saya, tapi kalo untuk kebersihan”(Sa, 26 thn)
“Menurut saya yang penting itu angka positif dan negatifnya jika orang tidak memakai masker kemungkinan angka positif akan naik tetapi kalo dia memakai masker dan menerapkan protokol kesehatan mungkin orang yang terkena covid tersebut akan menurun, misalnya jika kita mengambil contoh dijakarta nah dijakarta itu paling banyak terkena virusnya maka makin naik karena prtokol disnaa itu tidak ketat tapi coba kita ambil di sebuah desa, itu menerapkan protokol kesehatan maka warganya tidak ada yg terkena covid dan menerapkan protokol kesehatan seperti memakai masker cuci tangan bahkan divaksin juga” (Mu, 17 thn)
“Itu sangat baik untuk kesehatan misalnya cuci tangan kan untuk menghilangkan kuman, kalo pake masker itu bisa menjaga kita dari debu”
(Pu, 17 thn) The results above show that the current condition of the implementation of the Covid-19 protocol which has entered the new normal period also shows relaxation which is starting to be seen in the use of masks and also distance restrictions. However, the interview excerpts above show that some informants are still wearing masks to this day and so are their surroundings because they feel they are used to them. This feeling of being used to it led people to make the behavior of using masks something that they are used to doing at this time. A habit that is certainly in line with the policy of preventing the covid-19 protocol. Oleh (Atmojo, et.al. 2020) mentioned that the use of masks is a policy that has been implemented almost all over the world (universal masking).
Personal reference
Personal reference is the role of someone who has a big influence on the success of behavior. The existence of community leaders or religious leaders or figures who serve as examples in the community is expected to be a factor that facilitates the behavior of preventing the Covid-19 protocol. The results of interviews related to personal references show that there are still people/groups who do not believe in the existence of Covid-19. The figure who acts as an influential person includes the role of the RT head who is also the head of the task force, who always provides motivation in preventing Covid 19. Here's an excerpt of the interview:
• Adakah sosok/kelompok yang masih sulit menerapkan protocol Covid- 19?
Ada juga sebagian, Cuma maksdunya mungkin dilingkungan rumahnya bukan untuk diluar, kaya misalnya mereka tidak percaya kalau mereka itu terpapar, atau takut kerumah sakit karena takut nanti di isolasi atau takut dibilang covid, atau bagaimana itu saya tidak tau. (Ja, 45 thn)
“Iyo ada, beberapa sih kaya tidak percaya sama covid-19 itu” (An, 32 thn)
“kalo itu kadang ada sih, tapi ada juga tidak tapi kita tergantung masyarakatnya saja kurang percaya kadang jg bru percaya” (Sa, 26 thn)
“Untuk kelompok kelompok masyarakat sini alhamdulillah menaati tetapi ada sebagian yang tidak menaati protokol kesehatan sepertinya ada dua kubu, satu dipercayakan ada covid, satu kubu lagi tidak percaya akan ada covid jadi terjadi perselisihan, jadi menurut saya sih hanya percaya pada kubu yang adanya penyakit bukan covid” (Mu, 27 thn)
“Ada, orang orang tersebut adalah orang yang tidak percaya covid” (Pu, 17 thn)
• Siapakah sosok yang memberikan dukungan besar yang membuat masyarakat mau mematuhi protokol kesehatan?
Kalau kita sendiri kan kebetulan trakcer covid pak RT sendiri, jadi dia itu banyak sosialisasi dan juga ada pelatihan tentang covid-19, dan dari keluarga sendiri yang terpapar, jadi kita tahu, dan keluarga juga banyak dari kesehatan. (Ja, 45 thn)
“Pak RT heheh, pak RT selalu mengingatkan yang begitu-begitu” (An, 32 thn)
“Sebenarnya kalau saya tidak ada sih, itu Cuma dari kesadaran dan kebiasaan sendiri, kaya saya perlu itu, jadi kayanya itu sudah jadi kewajibanku karena saya perlu itu pake masker sama cuci tangan dan lainya”(An, 32 thn)
“ada biasa pak RT, tapi biar bagaimana pun tetap kesadaran sendiri ini yang penting, apalagi pas pertama-pertama itu dua dobol masker hahaha”(Ni, 38 thn)
“pemerintah, tokoh agama, tokoh pemuda, tokoh masyarakat karena mereka terutama pemerintah dan kesehatan krna mereka jg yg paling tau masalah ini, kesehatan perlu dan pemerintah perlu jadi perlu kerja samanya” (Sa, 26 thn)
“Menururt saya diri sendiri karna diri sendiri yang menuntut untuk melaksanakan protokol bukan orang lain tapi diri sendiri jadi sadarnya itu diri sendiri” (Mu, 17 thn)
“Ada tokoh masyarakat seperti ibu lurah” (Pu, 17 thn)
The results of the interview above show that the implementation of the covid protocol gets a big influence from the role of a person/group such as the RT head who is also the head of the task force as well as youth leaders in the surrounding environment. Personal reference is one of the factors that influence behavior. The results of the study (Rosidin et al., 2020) illustrate that the behavior of community
leaders is a product of their knowledge and attitude towards Covid-19. They have a proactive behavior in responding to the pandemic. Community leaders have sufficient knowledge about Covid-19. That knowledge grows their attitude of worry about the rapid spread of the virus and its effects. This attitude prompted them to take action to invite members of the public to take efforts to prevent and mitigate the impact of the pandemic. They not only invite and encourage but at the same time provide examples of preventive measures through the implementation of clean and healthy behavior measures; as well as driving activities to provide assistance to residents whose socio-economic conditions have been affected by the pandemic.
The behavior of these community leaders at the same time illustrates their role in efforts to prevent and deal with pandemics which at the same time encourage the growth of the independence of village community members in responding to the Covid-19 pandemic. This will certainly be different when the community shop does not respond positively to the behavior of Covid prevention, so it will certainly have an impact on low public awareness in implementing the Covid 19 prevention protocol.
a. Resource
Resources are facilities, money, time, energy and so on. In this study the resources referred to are related to the role of health workers and the availability of facilities related to Covid-19. The results show that health workers have provided education to residents regarding the prevention of Covid-19 as well as the availability of facilities such as a place to wash hands accompanied by running water and soap facilities. . However, currently these facilities are slowly decreasing and there is not even one hand washing facility around the residents which used to be prepared a lot. The following is an excerpt of the interview :
• Bagiamana peran tenaga kesehatan memberikan edukasi tentang penerapan protocol covid-19?
“Iya sebenarnya peran tenaga kesehatan itu banyak sekali karena mereka sudah koar-koar kesana kemari, kadang masyarakat ini saja yang tidak mendengar” (Ja, 45 thn)
“Mereka itu ba ingatkan kalau biasa ke puskesmas atau posyandu” (An, 32 thn)
• Bagiamana ketersediaan fasilitas dalam penerapan protocol covid-19?
“Iya kalau dulu fasilitas disini ada di semua rumah itu punya tempat cuci tangan, hand sanitize, sampe sekrang masker itu kami belum menghilangkan”
(Ja, 45 thn)
“Tidak ada, soalnya saya Cuma beli sendiri hand sanitizer, masker” (An, 32 thn)
“Kurang, biasanya ada paling Cuma diwarung makan, sama di awal-awal Covid-19 itu saja” (Ab, 26 thn)
“Tidak semua ada ditempat umum” (Pu, 17 thn)
Health workers have a good role when cases increase where education continues to be given to the community. The availability of hand washing facilities has begun to decline as we enter the new normal period. There are no hand washing facilities in public places anymore. It cannot be denied that the Covid 19 pandemic, which has changed various orders, is of course now starting to make people feel bored to implement prevention protocols. Research result (Fadjriah, et.al, 2022) shows the predisposing factor where the attitude of the informant explained that he was starting to feel tired in implementing health protocols.
This condition is of course very unfortunate considering that washing hands with soap is a very useful behavior not only during the Covid 19 pandemic. This shows how important it is to increase education on the importance of washing hands in the community so that it can increase awareness not only in washing hands but also in providing facilities wash your hands with the soap. The results of the study (Adriani, et.al, 2021) stated that the provision of health education about the behavior of washing hands with soap was effective in increasing the behavior of washing hands with soap as an indicator of action, where there was a significant increase.
a. Culture/ Tradition
Normal behavior, habits, values and use of resources in a society will produce a way of life which is generally called culture. This culture was formed over a long time and is always changing, either slowly or quickly according to human civilization. The culture in question is people's beliefs that influence the behavior of the covid 19 protocol. The results of the research show that there is no special tradition related to covid 19, it's just a finding that there are still residents who don't believe in the incident of covid 19 so they feel that the covid protocol doesn't need to be carried out. Other findings show that covid 19 protocols such as washing hands and using masks for some informants are still used as a habit because of the large benefits felt by informants
• Adakah kepercayaan dilingkungan sekitar yang menghambat penerapan protokol covid-19 ?
“Tidak ada sih, yah paling hanya beberapa orang tidak percaya kaya saya sampaikan sebelumnya”(Ja, 45 thn)
“Ada biasa orang itu ba bilang tidak usah pake masker, eh tapi saya tetap pake hehehe” (An, 32 thn)
“Yah itu sih, orang yang tidak terlalu yakin begitu, seperti covid-19 ada tambahan jenis baru kapan datangnya kaya tidak masuk dipikiran ku dengan variannya, kalau covid-19 ini percaya” (Ab, 26 thn)
“tiada, oh tapi ada juga orang biasa begini, eh te usah pake masker mau kena, tidak kena mati juga hahahah” (Ni, 38 thn)
• Apakah anda merasa sulit jika protocol kesehatan seperti mencuci tangan dan menggunakan masker dijadikan sebuah kebiasan sampai saat ini?
“Tidak juga sih kayanya itu sudah jadi kebiasaan karena apa harus cuci tangan dulu sudah terbiasa dan tidak mengikat kan sudah jadi kebutuhannya kita juga” (Ja, 45 thn)
“Kalau saya tidak lah, soalnya itu kan sudah jadi kebiasaan juga” (An, 32 thn)
“tidak sih, justru itu baik karena mencegah dari penyakit(Ab, 26 thn)
“ahh kayanya so tidak le, kan sudah biasa dari dulu pas kasus Covid-19 itu ee jadi sudah biasa”(Ni, 38 thn)
“Ya bagusnya dengan adanya covid malahan jadi rajin suami saya pakai masker padahal dulu susahnya disuruh pakai masker. Kan suami saya kerja harian itu pungut sampah jadi selalu saya bilangkan pakai masker tapi tetap tidak mau, eh pas covid pake sudah akhirnya sampai sekarang sudah tiada dilepas maskernya, rajin juga cuci tangan sudah” (Yu, 46 thn)
“Anak-anak saya sampai sekarang rajin cuci tangan karena sudah terbiasa dari waktu pas mulai sekolah sudah sedikit kasus covid eee, disitu sudah tabiasa cuci tangan anak-anak sampai sekarang” (Sr, 43 thn) The behavior of a person or community towards health is determined by knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, traditions and so on both from the person or community concerned. Besides that, the availability of facilities, attitudes and roles of health workers and community leaders who become role models for health will also support and strengthen the formation of behavior. According to Level and Clark, what is called prevention is all activities carried out either directly or indirectly to prevent a health problem or disease (Notoatmodjo, 2014)
CONCLUSION
The results of the study show that thoughts and feelings play a major role in covid prevention behavior where when cases soar high, the protocol is carried out as recommended but when entering the new normal it seems that it has begun to experience relaxation until now even though cases have increased again but the covid 19 protocol has not been implemented properly good. Personal references, namely the role of the task force chairperson, community leaders and youth leaders who provide examples and motivation to the community. Resources in the form of the role of health workers and adequate facilities at a time when cases are increasing but slowly decreasing and even handwashing facilities are no longer found at this time. Specific culture was not seen in this study.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Adriani, Sisi Oktavia, and Wiwit Febrina. 2021. “Efektivitas Pendidikan Kesehatan Terhadap Perilaku Cuci Tangan Pakai Sabun Dalam Upaya Pencegahan
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77–88.
Atmojo, et.al, (2020), Penggunaan Masker Dalam Pencegahan dan penanganan Covid, Rasionalitas, Efektivitas dan Isu Masa Kini-193(2), hal. 84–95.
Fadjriah, R. N., Rau, M. J. dan Syam, S. (2022) “Community Knowledge and Attitudes about the Health Protocols Implementation during the COVID-19 Pandemic in North Birobuli Village,” 1(2), hal. 64–75.
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