BAHASA INGGRIS
Chinese scientists had been playing with saltpeter — a common name for the powerful oxidizing agent potassium nitrate — in medical compounds for centuries when one industrious individual thought to mix it with sulfur and charcoal. The result was a mysterious powder from which, observers remarked in a text dated from the mid-9th century, "smoke and flames result, so that [the scientists'] hands and faces have been burnt, and even the whole house where they were working burned down."
Gunpowder was quickly put to use by the reigning Sung dynasty against the Mongols, whose constant invasions into the country plagued the Chinese throughout the period. The Mongols were the first to be subject to flying fire — an arrow fixed with a tube of gunpowder that ignited and would propel itself across enemy lines. More gunpowder-based weapons were invented by the Chinese and perfected against the Mongols in the next centuries, including the first cannons and grenades.
Gunpowder somehow remained a monopoly of the Chinese until the 13th century, when the science was passed along the ancient silk trade route to Europe and the Islamic world, where it became a deciding factor in many Middle Age skirmishes. By 1350, rudimentary gunpowder cannons were commonplace in the English and French militaries, which used the technology against each other during the Hundred Years' War.
The Ottoman Turks also employed gunpowder cannons with abandon during their successful siege of Constantinople in 1453.
1. The main idea of the passage is…
A. The history of gunpowder and its power to win the wars
B. Chinese use gunpowder to conquer Mongols
C. Chinese scientist mixed power oxidizing agent potassium nitrate D. Gunpowder technology cannon win
the siege of Constantinople
E. Gunpowder as the heart of fireworks and basis for modern weapons 2. The word ’propel’ in paragraph 2 means ....
A. Pull B. Push C. Raise D. Ignite E. Drag
3. The best summary for paragraph 3 is…
A. French military cannon used in 1350 B. Gunpowder role winning the Siege of
Constantinople
C. Gunpowder as a deciding factor in middle age skirmishes
D. Gunpowder use outside of China in the middle age
E. China’s monopoly to gunpowder before the 13th century
4. The word ‘which’ in paragraph 3 refers to…
A. Gunpowder B. Tube of gunpowder
C. English and French Militaries D. Middle Age skirmishes
E. Rudimentary gunpowder cannon 5. The author’s attitude towards the text is…
A. Tolerant B. Unhapp.
C. Worried D. Critical E. Concerned
Tyrannosaurus rex may have been the world's first power-walker, using its lengthy legs to relentlessly pursue fleeing prey, new research has found. Walking, the scientists discovered, would have been an energy- efficient hunting strategy for big dinosaurs like tyrannosaurs.
To better understand walking and running in T. rex and other theropods, or meat-eating dinosaurs, scientists measured metrics such as relative limb size, posture and body mass in 93 individual dinosaurs from 71 theropod species, in order to calculate how those factors may have affected the animals' maximum speeds.
They found that while long-leggedness made some theropods fast runners, that wasn't always the case.
In very large dinosaurs, such as T. rex, long limbs came with a different advantage, allowing the predator to keep up a slower but steady pace long after a speedier animal would have grown tired and given up the chase. "The assumption tends to be that animals with adaptations for running, such as long legs, are adapted for a higher maximum speed, but this paper shows that there's more to running than top speed," said study co-author Thomas Holtz, a principal lecturer in the University of Maryland's Department of Geology.
Theropods were a highly successful group of terrestrial dinosaurs that dominated the Mesozoic era (252 million to around 66 million years ago), and bipedalism — walking on two legs — is thought to have played a big part in their success, the scientists wrote. In the study, they looked at theropods in a range of sizes:
from pipsqueaks that weighed less than 11 lbs. (5 kilograms) to T.rex behemoths that weighed more than 20,000 lbs. (9,000 kg).
6. The sentence “They found that while long- leggedness made some theropods fast runners, that wasn't always the case” in the second paragraph can best be restated as…
A. Theropods always run fast because of their long-legged feet.
B. Long-legged theropods sometimes make them fast runner.
C. If theropods were long-legged they would run fast
D. Before theropods long-legged feet were formed, this was the reason why they could run fast.
E. The theropods’ long-leggedness wouldn’t always be the factors to be fast runner.
7. Paragraph 3 implies that …
A. Long leg is not the only factor that makes theropod run fast
B. Theropods’ legs adapted for a higher maximum speed
C. Long leg can chase the speedier animal better
D. Long leg is an advantage for theropods
E. Theropods’ leg adapted more to running than top speed
8. The main reason for author to write the passage is…
A. Explaining the factors why and how tyrannosaurus unique feet can make them run faster
B. Distinct the various type of tyrannosaurus feet
C. Explaining the research from University of Maryland's Department of Geology
D. Distinct the domination terrestrial dinosaurs in the Mesozoic era E. Assuming that Tyrannosaurus
adaptations for running is to get a higher maximum speed
9. The next paragraph most likely will discuss about…
A. Kinds of theropods which can run fast B. Evolution of theropods
C. Advantages of having long legs to theropods
D. Running capability from theropod
E. Theropods ability make them a great predator
10. Which of the following is the best summary of the passage …
A. Tyrannosaurus Rex bipedalism — walking on two legs — is thought to have played a big part in their success B. Tyrannosaurus Rex is a ferocious
animal dominated Mesozoic era C. New discovery by scientist about
physical features from theropods like Tyrannosaurus Rex to dominate Mesozoic era
D. Very large dinosaurs, such as T. rex, long limbs came with a different advantage, allowing the predator to keep up a slower but steady pace long after a speedier animal
E. Scientists measured metrics such as relative limb size of Tyrannosaurus Rex in order to calculate how those
factors may have affected the animals' maximum speeds
BAHASA INGGRIS
Many people in Singapore (and perhaps the rest of Asia and the wider world) cannot sleep without hugging their bolsters at night. The humble bolster has come a long way and it actually has some history (or even origins) in our region. Back during the days when Southeast Asia was mostly colonised by the Europeans, a special bolster that was made of rattan or wicker woven into the shape of a modern day bolster, and wrapped in linen, was invented.
It helped people to sleep better at night in the region's tropical heat by allowing them to hug it and throw a leg over it while lying on their side. The hollow insides of the pillow allowed the user to keep cool in the tropical heat. This pillow would come to be known in English as the "Dutch wife" because the popular story goes that it was invented by Dutch colonialists in Indonesia a few hundred years ago.
But there is also more to the origin on how the Dutch wife got its English name. Britain and Holland had fought a series of Anglo-Dutch wars in the 17th century and were rival powers in Southeast Asia acquiring colonies for their respective empires. It was from this rivalry, that the British used the word "Dutch" to describe things that are false or fake, such as Dutch courage, Dutch auction, and of course Dutch wife.
1. What is the topic of the text…
A. Brief history of Dutch wife
B. Conflict between Britain and Holland C. Describe Dutch as a hypocrite D. Hollow inside the pillow to keep cool
in the tropical heat
E. Southeast Asia mostly colonized by the Europeans
2. Paragraph 2 implies that…
A. The pillow keeping the user cool in the tropical heat
B. Popular story about Dutch wife C. The pillow called Dutch wife helped
people sleep at night
D. Dutch wife reference name based on the Dutch Colonialist in Indonesia E. Pillow hugged by people while lying
on their side
3. The pronoun “it” in the last sentence of paragraph 2 refers to…
A. Rattan
B. Anglo-Dutch War C. Dutch colonialist D. Tropical heat
E. The Dutch wife pillow
4. In which paragraph(s) mentioning the origins behind the Dutch wife name…
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 1 and 2 E. 2 and 3
5. The word “hollow” in paragraph 2 means…
A. Hole B. Gap C. Convex D. Reduced E. Fill
Unlike beloved children’s stories, nature is a cruel, hard world that is painted not in water colors but in blood. A study found that chemicals released by plants as they are eaten can help push caterpillars to cannibalism. Many plants release the chemical methyl jasmonate when stressed or damaged. Getting gnawed on by a caterpillar is stressful, so when the caterpillars start biting, the chemical flare goes up. Other nearby plants sense the flare and start producing their own methyl jasmonate, building a camouflage around their leaves and stems.
Once all the food sources taste terrible, caterpillars turn to the next available meal; each other. Plants with the time to build up a strong defence can make their leaves so unappetizing that caterpillars will start eating each other to get their fill, leaving the plant alone.
Researchers now plan to also look into how insect viruses are transferred during their more carnivorous period. If viruses that harm caterpillars are transferred more easily by cannibalism, that could be a gain for the plants. Not only are their leaves protected from pests, but now those predators are spreading disease amongst themselves, reducing the herbivore population further.
Interestingly enough, cannibalism can serve some important functions among these herbivores. Eating each other literally takes the competition out of the food chain, and keeps the surviving population strong in a time when food might be scarce.
6. Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the text …
A. Stress may save plants from being consumed
B. Plants can manipulate their own perception of taste
C. Under constraints, plants can alter their predator’s appetite
D. Cannibalism helps maintain food supply in times of need
E. The chemical Methyl jasmonate drives caterpillars away from their natural food
7. The topic of this passage is …
A. Caterpillars’ consumption behavior B. Cannibalism and its effect on
caterpillars
C. The effect of Methyl jasmonate on insects
D. Plant’s defense mechanism against herbivores
E. The cause and effect of cannibalism among caterpillars
8. It can be inferred from the text that…
A. Cannibalism may balance the supply and demand for food
B. Viruses are easily transferred by means of cannibalism
C. The chemicals decrease the caterpillar’s hunger for food
D. Cannibalism is a natural phenomenon among herbivores
E. Other bugs can also turn cannibalistic towards each other
9. The purpose of this passage is to … A. Convince readers that nature is harsh
in reality
B. Educate readers not to judge herbivores hastily
C. Describe the effect of cannibalism among plant-eating animals
D. Explain how caterpillars can behave uncharacteristically
E. Inform the readers that cannibalism among herbivores is normal
10. The tone of this passage is … A. Critical
B. Amused C. Objective D. Outraged E. Humorous
BAHASA INGGRIS
Tesla, Inc., formerly (2003–17) Tesla Motors, American electric-automobile manufacturer. It was founded in 2003 by American entrepreneurs Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning and was named after Serbian American inventor Nikola Tesla. Tesla Motors was formed to develop an electric sports car. Funding for the company was obtained from a variety of sources, most notably PayPal cofounder Elon Musk, who contributed more than $30 million to the new venture and served as chairman of the company, beginning in 2004.
In 2008 Tesla Motors released its first car, the completely electric Roadster. In company tests, it achieved 245 miles (394 km) on a single charge, a range unprecedented for a production electric car. The Roadster produced no tailpipe emissions, as it did not use an internal-combustion engine.
In 2012 Tesla stopped production of the Roadster to concentrate on its new Model S sedan, which was acclaimed by automotive critics for its performance and design. It came with three different battery options, which gave estimated ranges of 235 or 300 miles (379 or 483 km).
The company also branched out into solar energy products. A line of batteries to store electric power from solar energy for use in homes and businesses was unveiled in 2015. Tesla bought the solar panel company SolarCity in 2016. In 2017 the company changed its name to Tesla, Inc., to
1. The word “unprecedented” in paragraph 2 means…
A. Extraordinary B. Usual
C. Normal D. Great E. Gruesome
2. Why Tesla car claimed to produce zero air pollution…
A. Tesla Motor produce high quality electric car
B. Tesla stopped production new models and start to research on new cars
C. Tesla battery gave an acceleration of 0 to 60 miles per hour before 4 seconds
D. Tesla’s car engine did not use any internal combustion engine
E. Tesla car’s lightweight body gave it efficient to ride
3. The sentence “Funding for the company was obtained from a variety of sources, most notably PayPal cofounder Elon Musk, who contributed more than $30 million to the new venture and served as chairman of
the company, beginning in 2004.” in paragraph 1 best restate as…
A. Tesla Car company was founded by Elon Musk
B. Start from 2004, Tesla Company funded by Elon Musk who contribute more than $30 million to the new venture $30 million and served as chairman of the company.
C. PayPal Company and Tesla joined an alliance with Elon Musk served as chairman
D. Elon Musk funded 30 million to Tesla and PayPal from 2004.
E. Tesla company fund obtained from variety of source.
4. The next paragraph most likely will discuss about…
A. Tesla Inc.
B. Tesla Inc. other products aside solar cars
C. Elon Musk served as CEO D. Tesla car’s advantages
E. How Tesla Inc. manufacture the cars and other products
5. The phrase “branched out” in paragraph 4 means
A. Expand B. Expend C. Release
D. Lay out E. Drop
It is a baby picture like no other: A maelstrom of gas and dust swirling around what is likely a newborn giant planet. This stunning portrait is a composite that could be the first direct evidence of the hellacious site of a planet’s birth, according to a study published on Wednesday in Astronomy & Astrophysics. AB Aurigae, a star located some 520 light years from Earth, has fascinated scientists for years because it is encircled by a thick disk of gas and dust, creating the perfect conditions for birthing new planets, like a cosmic placenta.
A team led by Anthony Boccaletti, an astronomer at the Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, wanted to take a closer look at this nascent world, which has produced some of “the most spectacular spirals imaged so far,” according to the new study.
Future observations of AB Aurigae may reveal new details about this baby planet, such as its mass or its orbit. Boccaletti and his colleagues plan to continue examining the system to see if they can peg its path around its star, or figure out whether it is a fully formed world or is still in the process of condensing into a planet.
Such intricate details about the origins and evolution of planets could help untangle broader mysteries about these worlds and the systems that bear them. Also, if the new images from AB Aurigae are any indication, this line of research will produce a whole lot of spectacular views of the next generation of planets.
6. Sentence “this stunning portrait” in paragraph 1 refers to…
A. Observation of new planet
B. A picture of a maelstrom of gas and dust
C. The birth of new planet D. AB Aurigae Star
E. Presence of a developing planet 7. What is author’s attitude towards the
text…
A. Pessimistic B. Neutral C. Concerned D. Worried E. Optimistic
8. Paragraph 4 implies that…
A. Scientist are happy with this discovery
B. The observation view will be more successful in the following day
C. Scientist will make more observations about AB Aurigae star D. This observation open the new
possibilities to discover broader mysteries about worlds and their system
E. The next generation will receive more interstellar images
9. Which of the following is the best summary of the passage?
A. AB Aurigae Star will be a planet soon B. Latter observations of AB Aurigae
may reveal new details about how this planet born
C. A recent observation at the Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, succeeded to take picture from AB Aurigae Star
D. Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) currently in construction in Chile will help to observe AB Aurigae Star
E. Anthony Boccaletti, an astronomer at the Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, lead the observation of AB Aurigae Star
10. In which paragraph(s) mention about the detailed form about AB Aurigae Star…
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 1 and 2 E. 2 and 3
BAHASA INGGRIS
The global coronavirus outbreak has been responsible for at least 132 deaths to date. While its exact origin story remains unclear, publications including the Guardian, the New York Times, and the Wall Street Journal quickly suggested Wuhan's "wet markets"—meat markets that sell live and dead animals, a practice that isn't exclusive to China—as a likely source of the virus.
The suspected source of the virus, per the Journal, was "a cluster of vendors" at a Wuhan wet market, who sold "carcasses and live specimens of dozens of wild animals—from bamboo rats to ostriches, baby crocodiles and hedgehogs." No doubt because of the framing of these reports on wet markets, where people buy animals outside the pork-chicken-cow trifecta deemed "normal" by most Americans, many Westerners are blaming the Chinese—and specifically, their eating habits—for the coronavirus surge.
In doing so, they're relying on old racist tropes and fueling fears about the ways Asian people eat. As James Palmer wrote in Foreign Policy, the American media has long portrayed Chinese people as "dirty"
carriers of disease, citing an 1854 New York Daily Tribune article that claimed Chinese people were
"uncivilized, unclean, filthy beyond all conception." Those ideas haven't gone away.
Similar rhetoric is extending across social media. On YouTube, Asian-fronted mukbang videos, in which people eat in front of the camera, are suddenly overrun with coronavirus-related comments: "This is probably why the Asians have coronavirus," "Maybe this girl already dead because of coronavirus," "After eating that kind of foods and wondering why they caught virus," and others more extreme in their racism.
1. The word ’outbreak’ in paragraph 1 means....
A. Epidemic B. Disease C. End D. Final E. Illness
2. The passage above mainly discusses about…
A. Increasing racism to Asian American people due to Coronavirus outbreak B. Filthy images of Asian American
people
C. Sarcasm to Asian people
D. Beginning of Coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan
E. Westerners blaming Chinese for their eating habit
3. What may cause the increasing racism to Asian people….
A. Coronavirus rapid spread in China B. Sarcasm to Asian people as a filthy
and uncivilized eating behavior C. Racism extending across social media
D. Wet markets in Wuhan blamed as a likely source of virus
E. Hatred feeling to Asian people in US 4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the
passage …
A. Inform the readers about increasing racism to Asian people
B. Discussing the way to stop the racism among Asian people
C. To investigate what causes Coronavirus
D. Argue the racism among Asian people E. To prevent the racism among Asian
people
5. The word “deemed” in paragraph 2 can be replaced by…
A. Consider B. Doubt C. Mistrust D. Reject E. Question
The country’s biggest mosque, Istiqlal, is to hold a virtual grand takbiran event to celebrate Idul Fitri as it will not be hosting any mass gathering, including congregational prayers, to mark the end of Ramadan amid the pandemic. The takbiran, which contains a recital of Allahu Akbar (God is great), is traditionally held on the eve of Idul Fitri at mosques and on the streets involving tens to hundreds of people.
This year, however, Istiqlal Mosque’s management is to hold the virtual takbiran in a less festive way, airing it on its YouTube channel and state-run television broadcasting network TVRI. "This year's takbir akbar will be held virtually. Only a limited number of people are allowed to recite the takbir [at the mosque]
to comply with the recommended health protocols," Istiqlal Mosque spokesperson Abu Hurairah Abdulsalam said on Friday, as quoted by kompas.com. There would only be five people in the mosque during the takbir, he added.
Idul Fitri messages from President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo, Vice President Maruf Amin as well as several ministers are also to be conducted virtually during the event. "It can be accessed via Istiqlal's YouTube account and state broadcasting company TVRI. The government announced on Friday that the first day of Syawal month, which marks the Idul Fitri celebration, would fall on Sunday.
6. By writing the sentences in paragraph 2, the author intends to tell the readers about….
A. The reason why takbiran event in Istiqlal Mosque will be held online B. Virtual takbiran event in Istiqlal C. TVRI will broadcast live takbiran
event in Istiqlal Mosque
D. Government announcement to Syawal month in Istiqlal Mosque E. Protocols during online takbiran
event in Istiqlal Mosque
7. What is the best summary of the passage…
A. President Joko Widodo and Vice President Ma’ruf Amin announced Syawal month beginning in Istiqlal B. Virtual takbiran will replace takbiran
tradition throughout the country C. Five people in the Istiqlal hosted
virtual takbiran
D. Coronavirus pandemic creates virtual takbiran in Istiqlal
E. Istiqlal Mosque will hold virtual takbiran event aired on Youtube and TVRI
8. From the text above we know that…
A. Idul fitri messages from President Joko Widodo only conducted on state broadcasting company TVRI
B. The first day of Syawal month would fall on Monday
C. This year Istiqlal Mosque’s management is to hold the virtual takbiran in more festive way
D. There would be more than five people in the mosque during the takbir, he added.
E. This year we will find no takbiran mass gathering to mark the end of Ramadan
9. Sentence “it” in paragraph 3 refers to…
A. Idul Fitri message from President Joko Widodo and Vice President Ma’ruf Amin
B. Virtual takbiran event
C. State broadcasting company TVRI D. Istiqlal Youtube channel
E. Idul Fitri celebration
10. Sentence “Only a limited number of people are allowed to recite the takbir [at the mosque] to comply with the recommended health protocols” in paragraph 1 best restate as…
A. Only a limited people allowed to recite takbir as event at the Mosque follow recommended health protocols
B. Recommended health protocols need to be followed in takbiran event as
only a limited number of people are allowed to recite the takbir
C. Only a limited number of people follow the recommended health protocols at the takbir event in the Mosque
D. The Mosque comply the recommended health protocols E. To recite takbir at the Mosque only a
limited number of people follow the recommended health protocols
BAHASA INGGRIS
If you're waking up feeling stressed or overwhelmed with the thought of beginning another day in isolation, a daily yoga practice can be helpful. Practicing brief sessions of yoga and mindfulness can significantly improve energy levels and brain function. Along with the physical practice of yoga, the breathwork, called pranayama, has a significant positive impact on energy levels and cognitive function.
A collection of studies reported that regular practice of yoga improves serotonin levels, decreases depression and anxiety, increases blood flow, allowing more oxygen to reach the body cells and thus enhancing their function, and improves flexibility and functional mobility in people with chronic pain.
Similar to standing goddess pose, lying down in a starfish position opens up the chest, lungs, back and torso. To perform this pose, simply reach your arms overhead while lying in bed, and stretch your legs out long. Open your legs wider than your hips, and open your arms out further than your shoulders. Stretch through your fingers and toes as far as you can. For an added bonus, curl up into a ball by hugging your knees into your chest and curling your head up toward your knees. Release and come back into starfish pose. Repeat this five times. Inhale as you open up into starfish pose, and exhale as you curl up, hugging your knees into your chest.
This yoga pose improves flexibility in the torso and wakes up the side-to-side movement of the spine.
It also stretches the intercostal muscles between the ribs, which can improve breathing. This energizing yoga routine can be performed daily to train your body and mind to stress less, release tension, feel more relaxed and use your breath to cultivate more space mentally and physically.
1. Paragraph 1 mainly discuss about…
A. Practicing Pranayama Yoga to improve brain function and energy level
B. Yoga impact to release stress and overwhelmed thought
C. Regular yoga improved neural functioning
D. Yoga to fill daily isolation
E. Research on how our brain work when we do Yoga exercise
2. How those yoga poses improve health…
A. It improved autonomic and higher neural center function
B. Regular practice of yoga improved body flexibility
C. Decrease anxiety and enhancing body function
D. Stretched the body and release stress to achieve mental and physical health.
E. Set of yoga movement to energizing body
3. In which paragraph(s) mention about positive impacts gained from yoga
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 1 and 2 E. 3 and 4
4. The word ‘exhale’ in paragraph 3 means…
A. Breathe out B. Breathe in C. Blow D. Gasp E. Grasp
5. The writer’s attitude towards the text is…
A. Sarcastic B. Positive C. Concerned D. Uncertain E. Passive
Defending champions Germany have been eliminated from the World Cup at the group stage following defeat by South Korea, in one of the biggest shocks in the competition's history. The four-time winners crashed out in ignominious fashion - conceding twice in injury time as they pressed for the goal which would have sent them through. In an astonishing and enthralling end to the match, Kim Young-Gwon's 92nd- minute goal - which was initially ruled out for offside before being awarded after a video assistant referee decision - left Germany on the brink of elimination.
Worse was to come for the world's number one ranked side, however, when deep into stoppage time and appearing increasingly desperate, goalkeeper Manuel Neuer lost possession in the opponents' half. Ju Se-jong launched it forward where Son Heung-min tapped into an empty net to score the second.
That prompted jubilant celebrations from the South Koreans, while some Germany fans inside the shocked stadium were in left tears after four years after watching their national team lift the trophy in Rio;
a competition in which they beat the hosts Brazil 7-1 in the semi-finals.
It is the first time since 1938 that West Germany or the unified Germany team has not advanced beyond the first stage of the tournament - Joachim Low's side finishing bottom of Group F in this edition.
Wednesday's defeat followed their opening loss against Mexico, while it took a dramatic late winner from Toni Kroos to earn them their only points of the group stage against eventual group winners Sweden.
6. Based on the text above, who scored the first goal for South Korea…
A. Kim Young-gwon B. Ju Se-jong C. Manuel Neuer D. Son Heung-min E. Toni Kroos
7. Which group reader benefits the most from this passage…
A. Sports caster B. Football fans C. Goalkeeper D. South Korean E. Group F participant 8. What is this text about…
A. South Korea happiness to win on Germany
B. Germany supremacy on World Cup 2018
C. Germany lose to South Korea on World Cup 2018 Russia
D. Ju Se-Jong Goal
E. Germany first time failure since 1938 finishing bottom of Group F
9. The word “jubilant” in the first sentence of fourth paragraph has the closest meaning to…
A. On cloud nine B. Feeling blue C. Crying out loud D. Under the weather E. Head over heels
10. Which of these statements is false based on text above...
A. Germany have won World Cup four times
B. Brazil lost to Germany at World Cup 2013 semi-finals
C. Germany finished bottom of Group F in World Cup 2018
D. Ju Se-Jong opened the scoring for South Korea against Germany E. Germany lost to South Korea at World
Cup 2018 group F match
BAHASA INGGRIS
In 2000, researchers began an ambitious effort to document the academic outcomes of study abroad across the 35-institution University System of Georgia. Ten years later, they have found that students who study abroad have improved academic performance upon returning to their home campus, higher graduation rates, and improved knowledge of cultural practices and context compared to students in control groups. They have also found that studying abroad helps, rather than hinders, academic performance of at-risk students.
“The skeptics of study abroad have always made the argument that study abroad is a distraction from the business of getting educated, so you can enter the economy and become a contributing member of society,” said Don Rubin, professor emeritus of speech communication and language education at the University of Georgia and research director for GLOSSARI -- the Georgia Learning Outcomes of Students Studying Abroad Research Initiative.
Researchers administered a 29-question intercultural learning outcomes instrument to 440 study abroad and 230 non-study abroad participants from 13 Georgia institutions. From pre- to post-test, study abroad participants surpassed non-study abroad participants in measures related to functional knowledge of cultural practices – the ability to say what’s funny in another culture, for instance, or take a train or bus to reach a destination.
Researchers looked at three case studies of courses taught on the home campus and overseas – a Novels of Jane Austen class (taught in Oxford), a French Revolution and Napoleon class (taught in Paris) and an Intercultural Communication class (also taught in Paris). “There has been some outstanding research that’s already been done in second-language learning overseas, in personal development, intercultural growth, and attitudinal and behavioral changes that occur as a result of study abroad,” said Sutton, the GLOSSARI project director.
1. What is the main idea of the passage…
A. Skepticism about study abroad B. Study abroad show outstanding
result in second learning language overseas
C. Study abroad prove to improve academic performance student at risk.
D. Study abroad may distract business of getting educated
E. study abroad participants surpassed non-study abroad participants related to functional
2. The word ‘hinder’ in paragraph 3 means…
A. Block B. Proceed C. Progress D. Realize E. Respond
3. How study abroad helps student academic performance …
A. Study abroad enhance personal development, intercultural growth, and attitudinal and behavioral changes
B. Study abroad participants surpassed non-study abroad participants functional knowledge of cultural practices
C. Study abroad helps student enter the economy and become a contributing member of society
D. Study abroad doesn’t undermine graduation rate, it doesn’t undermine final semester GPA
E. Study abroad is a distraction from the business of getting educated
4. The word ‘it’ in paragraph 2 refers to…
A. Researcher B. GPA
C. Second language learning D. Take home message E. Study abroad
5. The author’s attitude towards the text is…
A. Tolerant.
B. Unhappy.
C. Worried.
D. Critical E. Concerned.
The dragon, the only mythical creature among the 12 animals of the Chinese zodiac, is regarded as a symbol of might and intelligence. In ancient China, the dragon was associated with the emperor. Boys born in the year of the dragon, especially, are said to be destined to be successful and wealthy. The next year of the dragon begins on 23 January, on the first day of the Chinese New Year, and lots of dragon babies are set to make an entrance.
In previous dragon years, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and countries such as Singapore with a strong Chinese diaspora have experienced baby booms. In 2000, Hong Kong saw a more than 5% rise in the number of births, according to official data. Last month, state news agency Xinhua reported that China was anticipating a 5% increase in the number of babies this year.
Paying for nappies, however, is not the biggest worry for parents of dragon babies. ''It might affect this birth cohort when they get into school, go to the labour market because more people means more competition,'' said Dr Tong Yuying, assistant professor, department of Sociology at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Schools may increase their capacity, but it still means more children battling it out in national exams to get into top schools.
The race for school among bumper dragon cohorts is similar in Taiwan, if not more pronounced.
''Competition is definitely more intense for kids born in this year,'' said Dr Chen Shee-Uan, director of reproductive endocrinology and infertility at the National Taiwan University Hospital. He believes there will be an increase of 20 to 30% this year in the number of babies delivered at the hospital.
6. What is the main idea of the passage…
A. The year of dragon has brought economic impact and increase households income significantly in Taiwan.
B. The perception of people under dragon sign has influenced the birth rate significantly in countries with strong Chinese diaspora.
C. It is important for a Chinese family to have at least one kid with dragon sign to bring wealth and prosperity to the family.
D. Just like any other Chinese zodiac signs, the year of dragon does not bring any major difference in terms of birth rate in Singapore, Malaysia and Taiwan.
E. Chinese tend to give birth in the year of Dragon through an insemination process to have a prosperous family 7. What is synonym of “cohort” in paragraph
3…
A. Group B. Grade C. Rate D. Level E. Class
8. Paragraph 2 conclude that…
A. Baby boom phenomenon in China and Chinese diaspora countries happened in dragon year
B. Children birth in dragon year battling it out in national exams to get into top schools
C. There will be an increase of 20 to 30% this year in the number of babies delivered at the hospital during dragon year
D. Sales of nappies in China will grow about 17% to 28.4 billion yuan during dragon year
E. In vitro fertilisation treatments increased a lot during dragon year 9. According to the passage above, which of
the following option is NOT the reason why dragon is considered as a special sign among the Chinese twelve zodiacs…
A. It is a symbol of might and intelligence
B. People under dragon sign is believed to be wealthy in the future.
C. People with dragon sign will be the leader of the country.
D. It has a close association with the Emperor.
E. People under dragon are destined to be successful.
10. What can we infer from the passage above …
A. The Chinese government encourages its people to have more kids in the year of dragon to bring prosperity to the country.
B. Schools prepares extra quotas and higher the acceptance standards to tackle the baby boom in the year of dragon.
C. The Chinese government sets up more difficult questions for those who were born under the dragon sign since they are believed to be more intelligent than those of other zodiacs.
D. The Chinese‘s belief to the zodiac sign reflects the educational level gained by its people.
E. The Chinese strongly believe in the luck brought by the Dragon and it‘s reflected on the birth rate in the year of dragon.
BAHASA INGGRIS
Cryptocurrency is an internet-based form of exchange that exists solely in the digital world. Its allure comes from using a decentralized peer-to-peer network of exchange, produced and recorded by the entire cryptocurrency community. According to proponents, cryptocurrencies do not need a third party, or traditional bank, or centralized government control to provide secure validation for transactions. In addition, cryptocurrencies are typically designed to limit production after a point, meaning the total amount in circulation eventually hits a cap. These caps and ledgers are maintained through the systems of users.
But the mechanisms that make these currencies so appealing are also using exorbitant amounts of energy.
Researchers at The University of New Mexico estimated the environmental impact of cryptocurrency mining techniques using existing data that assessed energy use on cryptocurrency, and a battery of economic valuation techniques.
The independent production, or 'mining', practices of cryptocurrencies are done using energy consuming specialized computer hardware and can take place in any geographic location. Large-scale operations, called mining camps, are now congregating around the fastest internet connections and cheapest energy sources -- regardless of whether the energy is green or not. The UNM researchers argue that although mining practices create financial value, the electricity consumption is generating "cryptodamages" -- a term coined to describe the human health and climate impacts of the digital exchange.
Although relatively limited in overall use currently, there are cryptocurrencies with alternative production schemes require significantly less energy use. The researchers hope by publicizing the health and climate impacts of such schemes, they will encourage alternative methods of mining. Goodkind says the specialized machines used for mining also have to kept cool, so they won't overheat while computing such complex algorithms.
1. How did the researchers measure the environmental damages from cryptocurrency mining …
A. Estimating the greenhouse gas emissions of electricity production for the mining machines
B. Recording the time spent in a peer-to- peer network exchange per one value of a cryptocurrency
C. Documenting the different types of greenhouse gas emissions produced from the mines
D. Measuring the density of plants around the areas where cryptomining most often takes place E. Counting the number of computers
used to mine cryptocurrency at once and the number of fans each computer uses
2. Why should we care about the environmental and health impacts of crypto mining …
A. Cryptocurrency gives us another way of investing our wealth in the emerging era of digital economy B. The health of the future generations
depends on the accessibility of healthcare, which is being used to mine cryptocurrency
C. The environmental damages caused by the mining process inhibits the progression of a better healthcare system
D. Government is allocating more resources to fixing the damages caused by cryptomining that could be used to help fight climate change E. The mining of this currency is costing
the country substantial amounts of money in health damages
3. What are the defining features of a cryptocurrency …
A. It has a techy sounding name and its worth depends on the strength of a country’s currency
B. It has no physical representation and does not depend on any central authority
C. Cryptocurrency is considered a low- risk investment and the buyer of cryptocurrency receives periodic payment installments
D. It represents ownership in a company and the value of the cryptocurrency has no upper limit
E. It is easy to liquify the monetary value and people are able to do this at any bank
4. The word “solely” in paragraph 1 can be replaced by …
A. Exclusively B. Cooperately C. Indefinitely D. Additionally E. Separately
5. Which of the following statements is not discussed in the passage above …
A. How cryptocurrency differs from the usual governed currency
B. The methods of cryptomining that could be done by any individuals C. Future challenges faced by the
government to regulate miners of cryptocurrency
D. The current system of cryptomining encourages high energy use
E. The damages caused by cryptomining
Mass-market history textbooks suffer from a number of deficiencies. Even with judicious editing and some stunning omissions, the typical high school history textbook is over one thousand pages long. Part of the problem lies in the publishers desire to construct a book that appeals to as many regional markets as possible. The most pressing problem is the textbook writers’ philosophical approach to this information.
The manner in which most treat history textbooks the story of Columbus “discovery" of America offers a telling example. First, there is a copious historical record indicating that a multitude of explorers had reached North America long before Columbus. This record consists of a diversity of sources, including genetic similarities between North American populations and populations in Africa, Asia, and Europe;
homogenous social structures and an forms; and even oral histories and legends of various peoples.
Textbook authors could simply present all of this evidence to students and let them come to their own conclusions about the discovery and settlement of America in fact, that is how professional historians work.
Instead, textbook authors decide to craft a simple narrative around certain historical events at the expense of the true complexities of history. In their quest to portray history as a story, textbook authors have unwittingly deprived the subject of some of its most vibrant and interesting aspects. It is no wonder that high school students in the United States rank history as one of their least favorite subjects.
6. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with …
A. Recommending solutions to a problem
B. Debunking a long held perspective C. Explaining the nature of a fault D. Responding to an argument
E. Evaluating a proposed course of action
7. The “problem” mentioned in the first paragraph can best be described as arising from the pressure to …
A. Create a product that will please as many customers as possible
B. Include as many relevant historical facts as feasible
C. Produce a text that will avoid containing controversial statements D. Develop a book that contains a simple E. Narrative arouse the interest of consumers from a particular region 8. The passage suggests in which of the
following ways that the “philosophical approach” to historical information used by textbook authors compromises the teaching of history …
A. By including far more information than is historically relevant, textbook authors make learning history a challenging process for students B. By refusing to include a multitude of
historical sources, textbook authors fail to provide teachers of history with an appreciation of the complexity of history
C. By presenting a vast amount of primary source data, textbook authors deprive students of the chance to approach historical studies D. By neglecting to introduce a certain degree of uncertainty to historical events, textbook authors have made the learning of history a less interesting process
E. By creating simple narratives out of the complex historical record, textbook authors have forced students of history to learn history the way most academics have 9. In which paragraph(s) the author
mention about the history subject as the most unfavorite subject to students in America …
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 1 and 2 E. 2 and 3
10. The passage implies which of the following about high school history textbooks …
a. Typical modern textbooks are much longer than were those of the past
b. Despite their size, many history textbooks still fail to include certain important historical details
c. High school history textbooks have not been submitted to a proper editing process
d. High school history textbooks are the only textbooks that tend to be tailored to local markets
e. No high school history textbook presents the complexities surrounding the discovery of America
BAHASA INGGRIS
The Congress of Vienna (1814-15), convened after Napoleon's defeat, sought to restore order to a Europe disrupted by revolutionary and imperial France. Its members' objective was a constellation of states and a balance of power that would ensure peace and stability after a quarter-century of revolution and war. In addition to the delegates of many small states, the congress included representatives of five large European states: Austria, Prussia, Russia, Britain, and France. After months of deliberations, the congress established an international political order that was to endure for nearly 100 years and that brought Europe a measure of peace.
The congress made no effort to restore the Holy Roman Empire and its 300-odd states. Instead, it accepted the disappearance of many small states that had occurred since 1789 and created the German Confederation. The confederation consisted of thirty-eight sovereign states and four free cities and included the five large kingdoms of Austria, Prussia, Saxony, Bavaria, and Wurttemberg. The confederation met at a diet in Frankfurt, with an Austrian always serving as president.
Prince Clemens von Metternich, who directed Austria's foreign policy from 1809 until 1848, was the dominant political figure within the confederation. He waged a decades-long campaign to prevent the spread of revolution in Europe by seeking to restore much of the political and social order that had existed before the French Revolution.
Metternich's Carlsbad Decrees of 1819 established a pervasive system of press censorship and regulation of the universities that dampened German intellectual life and hindered the publication of writings advocating the principles of liberalism. In the 1820s, he engineered the formation of the Holy Alliance of the monarchs of Austria, Prussia, and Russia to quash political, social, and economic developments within Central and Eastern Europe thought to threaten political stability.
1. The second paragraph is mainly concerned with…
A. The recovery of Holy Roman Empire B. Dissappearance of many Germanic
small states since 1789
C. The five large kingdoms of Europe D. The creation of German
Confederation by the congress E. The reign of Austrian leader in the
confederation made by Vienna Congress
2. In which paragraph(s) mention the formation of German Confederation…
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 1 and 2 E. 2 and 3
3. How the last sentence of paragraph 1 related to paragraph 2…
A. It explains how the congress established an order that lead to German Confederation
B. It elaborates how the cogress help restore kingdoms and civilization in Europe
C. It shows what are the contents of the congress to be further explined with examples
D. It describes the history of the congress and when it begin to take effects
E. It depicts how the congress could bring peace to Europe for a century 4. Why is the Prince Clemens von Metternich
is an important figure as explained in the third paragraph…
A. He was a very strong political figure as the leader of Austria Kingdom B. He is one of the leader that become a
part of the Vienna congress
C. He signed several decrees and held campaigns all across Europe
D. He is a very dominant political figure that was respected throughout Europe
E. He directed several policies that lead towards Europe stability and peace
5. The word ‘Deliberation’ in the paragraph 1 could best be replaced by…
A. Conjugation B. Elimination C. Determination D. Unification E. Consideration
Although oft-maligned in modern culture, the pigeon once stood not only for speed and reliability but also for grace and beauty. Darwin himself became a pigeon fancier after beginning to work with the humble Columbia livia, discovering them to be more fascinating than he had formerly believed. During the Victorian age, in fact, raising show pigeons was a popular hobby, with new breeds continuously arising as amateur (and not-so-amateur) ornithologists crossed animals in the hopes of creating ever more fantastic creatures.
One of the most sought-after varieties was known as the Almond Tumbler, a name presumably derived from the color of the birds combined with the distinctive flight style. Over the course of many generations, this bird was so manipulated as to have a beak so small as to prevent the adult birds from feeding their offspring. Yet it was wildly popular, drawing high prices at auctions and high prizes at competitions.
How then did an animal once so well-loved come to be so loathed? As recently as World War II, the military used pigeons to carry messages but today, many people would kick a pigeon before they would feed one. Perhaps it is just a problem of population density - a lack of esteem for that which is ubiquitous. Pigeons have become our constant urban companions and, as such, have been transformed from symbols of peace, plenty, and prosperity, to representatives of disease and decay.
6. The primary purpose of this passage is to…
A. Convince the reader of the nobility of the pigeon, based on its history as a symbol of virtue
B. Dissuade the reader from mistreating a once-majestic animal that has fallen from favor
C. Rebut claims that the pigeon carries disease any more frequently than do other domestic animals
D. Promote a renewal of pigeon fancying and a resurgence of breeds such as the almond tumbler
E. Suggest that there might be more to the story of some urban wildlife than is commonly known
7. The word ‘it’ in paragraph 1 refers to…
A. Pigeon B. Darwin
C. Ornithologist D. New breeds E. Beak
8. Which statements can describe raising pigeons as a popular hobby at the past…
A. There were so many amateur ornithologists
B. Breeding new kind of pigeon become a trend at that time
C. Pigeons drawing high prices at auctions and competitions
D. Almond Tumbler as one of pigeon breed created during Victorian age E. During Victorian age, people tend to
create new breeds of pigeons to make perfect pigeon breed
9. The case of the Almond Tumbler is most analogous to which of the following…
A. A strain of wheat that can be grown in plentiful quantities but loses much of its nutritional value in the process B. Arabian horses that are able to run at
phenomenal speeds due to centuries of careful breeding designed to enhance those physical attributes C. Vitamins that were purported to
provide all of the necessary nutrients but have since been found not to be very effective
D. The dachshund, a popular breed of dog that is nonetheless prone to severe back problems, due to weaknesses exacerbated by targeted breeding
E. The wild rock doves that are most commonly found nesting in the faces of cliffs far from human habitation 10. The passage suggests that…
A. Pigeons were once known for flying with celerity
B. Almond Tumbler was the most beautiful breed of pigeon
C. Darwin was infatuated with his fancy pigeons
D. Modern pigeons are dirtier than the fancy pigeons of yore
E. Only scientists should breed new kinds of animals
BAHASA INGGRIS
SpaceX, in full Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, American aerospace company founded in 2002 that helped usher in the era of commercial spaceflight. It was the first private company to successfully launch and return a spacecraft from Earth orbit and the first to dock a spacecraft with the International Space Station (ISS). Headquarters are in Hawthorne, California.
SpaceX was formed by entrepreneur Elon Musk in the hopes of revolutionizing the aerospace industry and making affordable spaceflight a reality. The company entered the arena with the Falcon 1 rocket, a two- stage liquid-fueled craft designed to send small satellites into orbit. The Falcon 1 was vastly cheaper to build and operate than its competitors, a field largely populated by spacecraft built by publicly owned and government-funded companies such as Lockheed Martin and Boeing. Part of the rocket’s cost-effectiveness was made possible by the SpaceX-developed Merlin engine, a cheaper alternative to those used by other companies.
In March 2006 SpaceX made its first Falcon 1 launch, which began successfully but ended prematurely because of a fuel leak and fire. By this time, however, the company had already earned millions of dollars in launching orders, many of them from the U.S. government. In August of that year SpaceX was a winner of a NASA competition for funds to build and demonstrate spacecraft that could potentially service the ISS after the decommissioning of the space shuttle. Falcon 1 launches that failed to attain Earth orbit followed in March 2007 and August 2008. Three months later it won a NASA contract for servicing the ISS that was worth more than $1 billion.
1. Based on paragraph 2, what SpaceX rocket advantages compared to other companies…
A. They can send smaller satellites to orbit
B. They made cheaper and reusable rocket
C. Their aircraft are lighter and fly faster D. They have more compact design E. They have more popularity than
other companies
2. Despite SpaceX’s Falcon 1 failure launch, the company had already earned dollars because…
A. The fuel leak and fire from Falcon 1 rocket
B. SpaceX become first privately owned company to send liquid fueled rocket into orbit
C. The launching orders from government and winner of NASA spacecraft contract
D. Falcon 1 potentially service the ISS E. Rapid success of Falcon 1 rocket
3. The word ‘dock’ in paragraph 1 means…
A. Land B. Air C. Launch D. Rise E. Grant
4. The purpose of text above is to…
A. Inform reader about SpaceX as a spacecraft company
B. Entertain reader about SpaceX failed rocket launch
C. Concerned reader about SpaceX win a NASA contract
D. Remind reader about new fuel technology found by SpaceX E. Inform reader that Elon Musk is
CEO of SpaceX
5. In which paragraph(s) mention about SpaceX history…
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 1 and 2 E. 2 and 3
Diabetes is characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both. The disease can lead to serious complications such as blindness, kidney damage, cardiovascular disease, limb amputations and premature death. Worldwide, the number of people living with the potentially fatal disease has quadrupled since 1980, to around 422 million, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
Type 1 diabetes develops when the body's immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells, the only cells in the body that make insulin. This form of diabetes usually strikes children and young adults. Only 5-10% of people with diabetes have Type 1. Risk factors for Type 1 diabetes may be autoimmune, genetic or environmental. There is no known way to prevent Type 1 diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells do not use insulin properly. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes and in adults, it accounts for about 90% to 95% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. It is associated with older age, obesity, family history, physical inactivity and race/ethnicity.
6. The main idea about passage is…
A. A brief information about diabetes and the variants of them
B. Describe diabetes as undiagnosed disease
C. Concerned the healthy lifestyle to prevent diabetes
D. Diabetes as one of deadly disease E. Insufficient insulin production may
cause diabetes
7. The word “limb” in paragraph 1 can be replaced by…
A. Hand B. Head C. Ear D. Foot E. Eyes
8. The next paragraph most likely will discuss about…
A. Characteristic of diabetes
B. Promoting healthy lifestyle to prevent diabetes
C. Diabetes as a severe disease for kids and adult
D. Diabetes medication E. How to diagnose diabetes
9. The sentence “There is no known way to prevent Type 1 diabetes.” in the second paragraph can best be restated as…
A. Type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented
B. Scientist and doctor have got no idea how to prevent Type 1 diabetes C. People are susceptible to Type 1
diabetes
D. Everyone most likely be diagnosed of Type 1 diabetes
E. Nobody can prevent Type 1 diabetes
10. From the text above we can infer that…
A. Everyone might get one of two types of diabetes
B. Dealing with diabetes is natural C. Type 1 diabetes most common form
of diabetes
D. Diabetes can make worse other diseases in the body
E. Diabetes happened as insulin production dropped
BAHASA INGGRIS
The atomic bomb, and nuclear bombs, are powerful weapons that use nuclear reactions as their source of explosive energy. A discovery by nuclear physicists in a laboratory in Berlin, Germany, in 1938 made the first atomic bomb possible, after Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner and Fritz Strassman discovered nuclear fission.
Atomic bombs are weapons that get their energy from fission, fusion, or combination of both reactions.
Thermonuclear weapons, or hydrogen bombs, rely on a combination of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
Nuclear fusion is another type of reaction in which two lighter atoms combine to release energy.
The Manhattan Project was the code name for the American-led effort to develop a functional atomic bomb during World War II. The Manhattan Project was started in response to fears that German scientists had been working on a weapon using nuclear technology since the 1930s.
On August 6, 1945, the United States dropped its first atomic bomb from a B-29 bomber plane called the Enola Gay over the city of Hiroshima, Japan. The “Little Boy” exploded with about 13 kilotons of force, leveling five square miles of the city and killing 80,000 people instantly. When the Japanese did not immediately surrender, the United States dropped a second atomic bomb three days later on the city of Nagasaki. The “Fat Man” killed an estimated 40,000 people on impact.
1. Why Unites States dropped atomic bomb over the Hiroshima and Nagasaki…
A. To make Japan surrender at World War II
B. To test “Little Boy” and “Fat Man”
C. To show atomic bomb capability D. To prove successful of Manhattan
Project
E. To opened up nuclear technology in weaponry sector
2. What can we infer from passage above … A. Atomic bomb proven to be effective
to end war
B. Atomic bomb is very dangerous and deadly despite its use to stop the war
C. Atomic bomb made in United States of America
D. Radiation exposure from atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki sky
E. Many Casualties died from atomic bomb
3. Which statement below is incorrect about the passage above…
A. Atomic bombs are weapons that get their energy from fission or fusion reactions
B. The Manhattan Project objective was to develop bomb using nuclear reactions
C. Fat Man and Little Boy dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
D. Enola Gay was the pilot of one of nuclear bomb
E. The first invention about atomic bomb was conducted in Germany 4. What is Manhattan Project…
A. A research promoted by United States to develop bomb from atomic energy release
B. German research team to develop nuclear technology
C. Atomic bomb producer during World War II
D. Researcher from Germany to produce first atomic bomb
E. Type of thermonuclear bomb used by United States during World War II
5. The word “rely” in paragraph 2 means…
A. Put in B. Reach C. Doubt D. Combine E. Depend
The word "Geography" was invented by the ancient Greek scholar Eratosthenes and literally means "writing about the earth." The word can be divided into two parts - ge and graphy. Ge means the Earth and graphy refers to writing. Many geographers have done their best to define geography but a typical dictionary definition today reads, "The science of the Earth's physical features, resources, climate, population, etc."
The history of geography as a scientific discipline can be traced back to the Greek scholar Eratosthenes. It was further developed in the modern era by Alexander von Humboldt. Today, geography is commonly divided into two major branches - cultural geography (also called human geography) and physical geography.
Cultural geography is the branch of geography dealing with human culture and its impact on the Earth.
Cultural geographers study languages, religion, foods, building styles, urban areas, agriculture, transportation systems, politics, economies, population and demographics, and more.
Physical geography is the branch of geography dealing with the natural features of the Earth, the home of humans. Physical geography looks at the water, air, animals, and land of the planet Earth (i.e. everything that is part of the four spheres - the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere).
6. What is author’s attitude towards the text…
A. Pessimistic B. Neutral C. Concerned D. Worried E. Optimistic
7. What statement is unclear from the passage above…
A. The founder of Geography as a science
B. The physical geography land of studies
C. The modern definition of Geography
D. The reason why scholars divides Geography into two major branches E. The differences between physical
and cultural geography 8. Paragraph 3 and 4 implies that…
A. Geography is a science to define earth’s physical and social features B. Aspect of geography dealing with
natural features of planet earth C. Social aspects of geography studied
in cultural geography
D. Geography as a science founded by Eratosthenes and developed by Alexander von Humbolt
E. Two major branches of geography e.g. cultural geography and physical geography
9. Why geography divided into two major branches…
A. To distinguish between social and physical aspects of planet earth B. To divide earth into two major
discussion
C. To restore natural and social features from planet earth
D. To discuss and research geography as a scientific discipline
E. To forecast and mitigate impact from natural disaster
10. The sentence “The history of geography as a scientific discipline can be traced back to the Greek scholar Eratosthenes.”
in paragraph 2 best restate as…
A. Eratosthenes was the first scholar from Greece
B. Geography as scientific discipline founded in Greece
C. Eratosthenes traced back the history of geography as a scientific discipline
D. Eratosthenes was the founding father of geography as a scientific discipline
E. Eratosthenes was a Greek Geography scholar traced its discipline from early time
BAHASA INGGRIS
Some people believe that the key to averting a potential food crisis may lie in recent in science and biotechnology. By manipulating the genetic composition of basic crops, such as rice, it is possible to boost a plant’s rate of photosynthesis and to produce bigger crops yields. This process is known as genetic modification; plants that are produced in such a way are called genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
Genetic modification can be carried out for a variety of purposes – not only to enhance to crop yield.
Scientists have produced GMOs with higher than normal vitamin content, for example; other genetically modified crop are resistant to commonly used agricultural herbicides that used to kill the weeds around them, as well as insect and fungal and viral pest. Food products that are made from, or contain traces of genetically modified organisms are known as GM foods.
Scientists claim that a GM strain of ‘super-rice’ could boost rice yield by as much as 35 percent. Another strain called ‘golden rice’ – which contains added amounts of vitamin – could reduce vitamin A deficiency in more than 120 children worldwide. Some might think that such advances in biotechnology would be welcomed enthusiastically by people around the world.
But in fact, the issue of genetic modification has become one of the most controversial issues of our age.
For many people, it highlights the fine line that exists between the benefits of technology and scientific innovation, on the one hand, and the risks of environmental destruction, on the other.
1. The part preceding the text above most likely discuss about…
A. Controversial issues in genetic modification
B. The rate of photosynthesis of certain plants
C. Advances in science and biotechnology
D. Food shortage that potentially threats the word
E. Scientists’ experiment in science and biotechnology
2. The word ‘it’ in “…, it highlights the fine line that exists between…” in paragraph 4 refers to…
A. Super-rice B. Golden rice C. Biotechnology D. Vitamin a deficiency
E. Issue of genetic modification
3. From the passage above which is not the purpose of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) is…
A. Increase the capability to kill weed B. Increase the production output
C. Increase the nutrition content D. Increase the capability to kill
herbivore
E. Increase the capability to kill insect 4. It can be inferred from the text that what
scientist should do is…
A. Avoid the controversial issue of GM food
B. Discover more environment-friendly GM food
C. Predict and calculate the potential risks GM food
D. Add new genes that 100 percent free of harmful consequences
E. Work with environment activists to solve the problems of GM food 5. How the information in the text is
organized…
A. Technology and products are classified
B. Problem solving and examples are presented
C. Debates on genetic modification are highlighted
