Solar Photovoltaic System Design for Home
Coursera - Exploring Renewable Energy Schemes
The goal of this course is to construct a small-scale, off-grid system that can supply enough energy to power your load. To complete this assignment, describe your system and then review three systems submitted by your peers. To successfully complete this activity, you will need to:
• Complete an energy audit to determine the kilowatt hours necessary to run all of your appliances or devices (your load)
• Build a realistic budget for system components
• List all of the components you will need to charge enough batteries to provide enough power to your load
• Describe your final system set-up
1. Assumption
System voltage, V 48
DoD (Depth of Discharge) 0,7
Standar battery capacity, Ah 150
Battery Eficiency 0,95
Controller Efficiency 0,9
Inverter Efficiency 0,93
Peak sunshine hours Indonesia, h 10
Imp of 120 Wp module, Ah 6,65
Inverter power handling capacity 3200
2. Energy Audit
Load Watts Hrs/Day Number Total Watts Watt-hour
Lamp 10 10 1 10 100
Laptop 250 8 1 250 2000
Fan 70 4 1 70 280
Phone 200 1 1 200 200
Rice cooker 150 24 1 150 3600
Total 680 6180
3. Components
Figure 1. Solar PV Components
A. Energy Consume
𝐷𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑦 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 6180 𝑊ℎ B. Inverter
𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐻𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 =3200 𝑊
0,93 = 3440,85 𝑊 𝐷𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑦 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 =6180 𝑊
0,93 = 6645,161 𝑊ℎ C. Battery
𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 = 6645,161 𝑊ℎ
𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 6645,161 𝑊ℎ
48 𝑉 (𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒) × 0,7(𝐷𝑜𝐷)= 197,7727 𝐴ℎ 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 = 197,7727 𝐴ℎ
150 𝐴ℎ (𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦)= 1,3
= 2 D. Photovoltaics solar panel
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 6645,161 𝑊ℎ
0,95 (𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐸𝑓) × 0,9(𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝐸𝑓)
= 7772,118 𝑊ℎ
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑃𝑉 = 7772,118 𝑊ℎ 48 𝑉 (𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒)
= 161,9191𝐴ℎ
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑃𝑉 =161,9191 𝐴ℎ
10ℎ (𝑝𝑠ℎ) = 16,1919 𝐴ℎ/ℎ
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 =48 𝑉
12 𝑉= 4 (to acquire require system voltage)
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 =16,1919 𝐴ℎ
6,65 = 2,4 = 3 (to acquire current)
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑠 = 4 × 3 = 12
4. Budget Plan
Component Description Quantity Unit Price (USD)
Total Cost (USD)
Solar Panels
70 W, high- efficiency monocrystalline
panels
12
modules $50,00 $600,00
Battery Bank
Lithium-ion, 48 V, 100 Ah
2
batteries $800,00 $1.600,00 MPPT
Charge Controller
80A MPPT for optimal efficiency
1 unit $300,00 $300,00
Inverter
3200 W pure sine wave
inverter
1 unit $1.000,00 $1.000,00
Other Hardware
Wiring, connectors,
mounting, safety equipment
- $500,00 $500,00
Total $4.000,00
5. Final System Set-Up Description 1. Solar Panel Array
The system includes 12 high-efficiency monocrystalline solar panels, each rated at 70 W. These panels are arranged in:
• 4 panels in series to match the system voltage of 48 V.
• 3 parallel strings to provide sufficient current to meet the daily energy requirements.
The solar panels will be mounted on a sturdy frame at an optimal tilt angle to maximize sunlight capture during Indonesia's average 10 peak sunshine hours.
2. Battery Bank
The battery bank consists of two 48 V, 100 Ah lithium-ion batteries connected in parallel. This configuration provides a total capacity of 200 Ah, allowing the system to meet energy demands while considering a 70% Depth of Discharge (DoD) to ensure long battery life.
3. MPPT Charge Controller
An 80A MPPT charge controller is used to regulate the voltage and current from the solar panels to the batteries. The MPPT technology ensures maximum energy harvest by optimizing the voltage-current balance based on real-time solar panel output.
4. Inverter
A 3200 W pure sine wave inverter is installed to convert the DC power stored in the battery bank to AC power for household appliances. The inverter is designed to handle peak loads efficiently, ensuring compatibility with devices like laptops, fans, and rice cookers.
5. Wiring and Other Hardware
The system includes high-quality DC and AC wiring, connectors, and circuit breakers for safe and efficient energy transmission. Additionally:
• Mounting structures ensure stability for the solar panels.
• Safety equipment such as fuses and grounding systems are installed to protect the components and users.
Energy Flow Overview
1. Solar Panels: Generate energy during the day and supply it to the charge controller.
2. Charge Controller: Regulates the power to charge the battery bank efficiently.
3. Battery Bank: Stores energy to power appliances during non-sunlight hours.
4. Inverter: Converts stored DC energy into usable AC power for the appliances.
This set-up ensures a reliable, efficient, and sustainable energy supply, capable of meeting the calculated daily load of 7772,118 Wh (777,2118 W) while being resilient against environmental and operational challenges.
Chika Zenita Sabrina 12/12/2024
