DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF SOLAR HOME SYSTEM (SHS) PROMOTED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
STEVE IVAN POLIDO DALUMPINES
SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND AGRO-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BAÑOS
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (Major in Power Engineering)
APRIL 2012
Permission is given to the following to have access to this manuscript:
Available to the general public Yes
Available only after consultation with author/manuscript adviser No Available only to those bound by confidentiality agreement No
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL PAGE ii
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES x
LIST OF APPENDIX FIGURES xii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xiii
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Significance of the Study 2
1.3 Objectives of the Study 3
1.4 Scope and Limitations of the Study 4
1.5 Time and Place of the Study 5
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 6
2.1 The Solar Home System 6
2.2 Components of SHS 7
vii
PAGE
Battery 7
PV Modules 10
Charge Controller 13
Lighting System 15
Mounting of PV Modules 16
Switches and Sockets 18
Voltage Dropper 18
Circuit Breaker 19
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 20
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 22
4.1 System Design 22
The EZsolar Method 22
System Sizing 24
Size of Battery 24
Available Load Power 26
Load Plan 27
Daily Operation of SHS 28
Normal operation 29
Overuse period 29
Critical period 29
Recovery period 29
viii
PAGE
4.2 Installing SHS 31
Voltage Drop 31
Wire Size and Distance 33
Main System Location 35
Safety Precautions 36
Inspections and Monitoring 38
Measurement of Voltage Drop 39
Maintenance 41
Maintenance by technicians 41
Maintenance by users 42
5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 44
6. RECOMMENDATIONS 46
7. REFERENCES 48
APPENDICES 49
ix
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
4-1 Number of lights by PV module size 24
4-2 Battery capacities of different PV module sizes 25 4-3 Available power per day of different PV module sizes 26
4-4 Maximum distance from C/C to components 34
4-5 Maximum distance from C/C to load 34
x
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
2-1 A typical Solar Home System (SHS) 7
2-2 Structure of lead-acid battery 8
2-3 Preference to choose by type of battery 9
2-4 Types of PV module 11
2-5 Operating mechanism of series type charge controller 14 2-6 Operating mechanism of shunt type charge controller 14
2-7 Correct method of rooftop mounting 16
2-8 Two ways of wall mounting 17
2-9 Mounting of PV module using a pole 17
2-10 Types of socket and plug suitable for DC use 18
4-1 Comparison of system design flow 23
4-2 Sample load plan for a 25W PV module size 28
4-3 Daily operation of a 50Wp, 50Ah SHS 30
4-4 Daily operation of a 50Wp, 120Ah SHS 31
4-5 Voltage drop at single load 32
4-6 Voltage drop at double load 32
4-7 Calculation of wire distance 35
4-8 Example of a bad and a good wiring plan 36
xi
FIGURE PAGE
4-9 Materials for the simple angle finder and how to locate the tilt angle
38
4-10 Failure in inspections results to corrosion, high risk of short circuit and incorrect orientation of PV module
39
4-11 Measurement of voltage drop 40
4-12 Checking of electrolyte level of battery using hydrometer 42
4-13 Dusty PV module surface 43
xii
LIST OF APPENDIX FIGURES
APPENDIX FIGURE
PAGE
1 DOE’s Barangay Electrification Program accomplishment report 2009 (excerpt)
51
2 SHS packages offered by companies in Bangladesh 52
3 Optimized package for SHS 53
4 Trouble shooting power failure 54
5 Trouble shooting loss of operational hours 55
6 Trouble shooting a light not working 56
7 Trouble shooting a TV or radio not working 57
8 Certificate of Completion 58
xiii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
DALUMPINES, STEVE IVAN POLIDO. College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology, University of the Philippines Los Baños. April 2012. Design and Installation of Solar Home System (SHS) Promoted by the Department of Energy.
Major Adviser: Engr. Rodolfo A. Aguirre Jr.
EZSolar method is a simple method used in designing a small Solar Home System (SHS). It offers easy calculation and acceptable performance for the system. SHS is safe, clean, low maintenance, and long lasting as long as the system is properly designed and properly installed. The Department of Energy promotes the use of EZSolar method in designing and installing SHS in off-grid areas in the country as part of its electrification program. The study discusses the basics of design and installation of SHS. This manuscript also discussed a brief comparison between the EZSolar method and the conventional method of system design. Basic maintenance procedure of SHS is also present in this study.
