The status of the tunicate genera Appendicularia and Fritillaria

Vol. XXVIII, pp. 145-146 August 23, 1915

PROCEEDINGS

OFTHE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

THE STATUS OF THE TUNICATE GENERA APPEN- DICULAR! A AND FRITILLARIA.

BY PAUL BARTSCH.

Appendicular^iaChamisso

&

Eisenhardt; hologenotype Appen- diculariaflagellum

Cham. &

Eis.,1821,* appears unrecognizable.

With

the intention of saving ^this generic name, ^{Fol in 1874} decided to give ^it a

new

^status by redefining ^it and _applying

ittoorganismstypified byAppendicidariasicula, Fol. In _reality Fol here creates a

new

genus, Appendicularia,'\ with A. sicida Fol as hologenotype.

This genus ^ofFol's has been_recognized bysubsequent^writers on thesubject as the basicgenusAppendicidaria. Appendicidaria Fol, 1874, being preoccupied by Appendicidaria

Cham. &

Eis., 1821,according ^{tothe rules} requiresa

new name

andI propose in its placeAppendicula with Appendicidaria^sicida Fol as holo- genotype.

Fretillariawascited byAgassiz, 1846,+ but

Quoy

^and

Gaimard

referred to the animals as Fretillaires§ and described

them

under the

name

_Oikopleura hifurcata Q.

&

G.ll Agassiz there- fore becomes theauthorof the genus Fretillaria and _Oikopleura

hifurcata ^isthe hologenotype.

Huxley

^{in his''}

Remarks upon

Appendiculariaand Doliolum"

states:'i

"

The

_onlyother noticeof the genus (so far as I

am

aware)

isthat given by

MM. _{Quoy and}

Gaimard. ^Itwasobserved in

•Xov.Acta.Acad.Leop.. Vol.10, p.oii2,t.31,f.4,1821.

tArch.Zool. exper.. Vol.Ill, p.XLIX,1874.

XXomeii. Zool. Acalephae, p. 4, "FretillariaQuoy^otG. Zool.rle I'Astr.Fretum.

Beroiflae."

^Voy.Astrolabe, Vol.4,p. 10, 1834.

IIIbid.,pp. 304-oOG,pi. 26, figs.4-7, 1834.

ITTrans. Roy.See.London,p. 595, 1857.

29—Proc. Riol. Soc.Wash.,Vol..XXVIIl,1915. (145)

146 Proceedings ^{of the}Biological Society of Washington.

immense

massesoff Algoa Bay, South Africa,and was called by

them

Fritillaria, until they afterwardsbecame acquainted with the descriptions ^ofChamisso and Mertens. Recognizing^asthey do the _priority of discovery ^of the former, they yetadopt the

name

conferred by^thelatter,and, withoutany very just reason, give ^to the specimens observed by ^{themselves a}

new

_specific name, ^0. bifurcatn.'"

This ^is

wrong

^{in so far as the}

name

Fritillaria is concerned, which was not mentioned _by

Quoy &

_Gaimard, but

must

date from Huxley, having ^the

same

hologenotypeas Agassiz'sname,

and

thus becoming an ^absolute

synonym

^{of it. But} Oikopleura hifurcata Q.

&

G. appears unrecognizable. In the belief that hewassaving^thisgenericname,^{as inthe caseof} Appendicularia, Fol ⁱⁿ 1874*

emended

the diagnosisof Fritillaria to ^fita group

of organismswhich he had described in 1872.t FritillariaFol 1874 is therefore preoccupied by Fritillaria Huxley, 1857,

and

since no other _generic

name

_appearsto have been proposed ^to replaceFritillariaFol, 1874, ¹suggest ^foritthe

name

^Fritillura

designating Fritillaria magachile Fol _{as type.}

•Arch.Zool. exp., Vol.3,p.XLIX,1874.

+ Mojn.Soc.Phys. Geneve,pp.473-^8. 1S72.