Supplemental Digital Content 1

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Supplemental Digital Content 1

Kujala UM, Pietilä J, Myllymäki T, et al. Physical Activity: Absolute Intensity vs.

Relative-to-Fitness-Level Volumes

TABLE 1. Mean heart rates by age, sex, and type of day during whole recording day.

TABLE 2. Mean estimated VO

2max

values by sex, age and weight group.

TABLE 3. Amount of absolute and relative moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity (min/day) by age groups during workdays and days off among men.

TABLE 4. Amount of absolute and relative moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity (min/day) by age groups during workdays and days off among women.

TABLE 5. Amount of absolute and relative moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity (min/day) by weight status during workdays and days off among men.

TABLE 6. Amount of absolute and relative moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity (min/day) by weight status during workdays and days off among women.

This supplementary material has been provided by the authors to give readers

additional information about their work.

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TABLE 1. Mean heart rates by sex, age, weight group and type of day during whole recording day.

^a

Men Women

Workdays Days off Workdays Days off

Mean (95% CI) Heart rates by age groups

18-30 y 72.3

(71.8-72.8)

73.0 (72.4-73.6)

76.9 (76.4-77.4)

76.8 (76.3-77.3)

31-40 y 71.8

(71.5-72.1)

73.3 (73.0-73.7)

75.9 (75.6-76.1)

75.9 (75.6-76.2)

41-50 y 72.0

(71.7-72.3)

74.0 (73.7-74.3)

75.1 (74.8-75.3)

75.5 (75.3-75.7)

51-65 y 71.1

(70.8-71.3)

72.7 (72.4-73.0)

73.9 (73.7-74.1)

74.3 (74.1-74.5) Heart rates by weight groups

Normal 70.1

(69.9-70.4)

71.8 (71.5-72.1)

74.1 (74.0-74.3)

74.7 (74.6-74.9) Overweight 71.8

(71.6-72.1)

73.4 (73.2-73.7)

75.5 (75.3-75.7)

75.7 (75.4-75.9)

Obese 75.1

(74.7-75.5)

76.6 (76.2-77.1)

77.1 (76.8-77.5)

76.6 (76.3-77.0)

aRecordings include both sleeping time and time awake.

The difference in heart rates between age groups was statistically significant (P < .001, one-way ANOVA).

The difference in heart rates between weight status groups was statistically significant (P < .001, one-way ANOVA).

Except for men ages 18-30 years, the difference in heart rates between workdays and days off was statistically significant (P <

.001, one-way ANOVA) in men for all age and weight status groups.

The difference in heart rates between workdays and days off was statistically significant (P < .001, one-way ANOVA) in women for normal weight status group.

Normal = body mass index 18.5-<25.0 kg/m². Overweight = body mass index 25.0-<30.0 kg/m². Obese = body mass index 30.0-40.0 kg/m².

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TABLE 2. Mean estimated VO

2max

values by sex, age and weight group.

^a

Men Women

Mean±SD VO2max by age groups

18-30 y 48.4±4.3 38.9±4.9

31-40 y 43.4±4.7 33.4±5.2

41-50 y 38.9±4.9 28.5±5.4

51-65 y 34.6±4.9 23.7±5.4

VO2max by weigh groups

Normal 43.6±5.3 32.9±5.5

Overweight 38.9±5.5 26.6±5.2

Obese 32.9±5.5 20.5±5.2

aNote that reported physical activity levels also contributed to these values.

The difference in VO2max between age groups was statistically significant (P < .001, one-way ANOVA).

The difference in VO2max between weight status groups was statistically significant (P < .001, one-way ANOVA).

Normal = body mass index 18.5-<25.0 kg/m². Overweight = body mass index 25.0-<30.0 kg/m². Obese = body mass index 30.0-40.0 kg/m².

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TABLE 3. Amount of absolute and relative moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity (min/day) by age groups during workdays and days off among men.

MPAAbs MPARel VPAAbs VPARel MVPAAbs MVPARel

Workdays 18-30 y (n = 940)

mean±SD 71.5±64.5 8.8±10.7 16.7±20.5 7.0±11.5 88.2±74.4 15.8±19.2 95% CI 67.4-75.7 8.1-9.4 15.4-18.0 6.3-7.7 83.5-93.0 14.5-17.0

0 min (%)^a 0.6 17.7 17.2 42.7 0.6 17.7

31-40 y (n = 2794)

mean±SD 44.4±42.3 7.2±9.4 12.2±17.6 6.7±12.0 56.6±49.4 13.9±18.2 95% CI 42.8-46.0 6.9-7.6 11.6-12.9 6.2-7.1 54.8-58.5 13.2-14.6

0 min (%)^a 1.1 22.5 30.2 48.7 1.0 22.2

41-50 y (n = 3333)

mean±SD 35.4±34.7 7.2±9.7 9.8±15.7 6.1±11.4 45.2±41.0 13.4±17.5 95% CI 34.3-36.6 6.9-7.6 9.2-10.3 5.7-6.5 43.8-46.6 12.8-13.9

0 min (%)^a 1.8 24.5 42.5 52.9 1.8 24.1

51-65 y (n = 3134)

mean±SD 32.6±34.4 7.9±11.3 6.7±13.2 5.0±11.0 39.3±40.4 12.9±18.7 95% CI 31.4-33.8 7.5-8.3 6.2-7.1 4.6-5.4 37.9-40.7 12.2-13.5

0 min (%)^a 6.3 25.6 53.9 56.6 6.3 25.4

All (n = 10 201)

mean±SD 40.4±41.8 7.6±10.3 10.1±16.3 6.0±11.5 50.5±49.2 13.6±18.3 95% CI 39.5-41.2 7.4-7.8 9.8-10.4 5.8-6.2 49.5-51.4 13.2-13.9

0 min (%)^a 2.9 23.7 40.3 52.0 2.9 23.4

Days off

18-30 y (n = 940)

mean±SD 71.0±67.3 9.4±13.5 19.0±26.7 8.6±16.2 90.0±79.5 18.0±25.2 95% CI 66.7-75.3 8.5-10.3 17.3-20.7 7.5-9.6 85.0-95.1 16.4-19.6

0 min (%)^a 1.0 25.9 28.1 52.9 1.0 25.5

31-40 y (n = 2794)

mean±SD 54.0±54.1 9.6±14.4 16.8±27.7 9.4±18.8 70.8±68.0 18.9±28.6 95% CI 51.9-56.0 9.1-10.1 15.8-17.9 8.7-10.0 68.3-73.3 17.9-20.0

0 min (%)^a 2.0 28.4 35.2 54.5 2.0 28.2

41-50 y (n = 3333)

mean±SD 47.4±46.6 10.5±15.0 14.3±24.4 9.3±18.9 61.6±57.1 19.8±28.3 95% CI 45.8-48.9 10.0-11.0 13.4-15.1 8.6-9.9 59.7-63.6 18.8-20.7

0 min (%)^a 4.1 26.6 43.9 54.8 4.1 26.3

51-65 y (n = 3134)

mean±SD 41.8±42.8 10.5±15.4 9.8±20.6 7.7±17.5 51.6±53.0 18.2±27.7 95% CI 40.3-43.3 10.0-11.1 9.1-10.5 7.0-8.3 49.8-53.5 17.2-19.2

0 min (%)^a 6.6 29.2 55.9 58.5 6.5 28.8

All (n = 10 201)

mean±SD 49.6±50.6 10.2±14.8 14.0±24.7 8.7±18.2 63.7±62.4 18.9±27.9 95% CI 48.7-50.6 9.9-10.4 13.6-14.5 8.4-9.1 62.5-64.9 18.3-19.4

0 min (%)^a 4.0 27.8 43.7 55.7 4.0 27.6

aPercent of individuals with 0 minutes of the specific physical activity.

The difference between absolute and relative intensity physical activity was statistically significant for all age groups and physical activity intensities both during workdays and days off (P < .001, Wilcoxon signed rank test).

Except for MPARel and MVPARel during days off, there was a statistically significant difference (P < .001, Kruskal-Wallis test) in the amount of physical activity between age groups.

Abbreviations: MPAAbs = moderate physical activity, absolutely determined intensity: 3.0-<6.0 metabolic equivalents (METs);

MPARel = moderate physical activity, relatively determined intensity: 40-<60% oxygen uptake reserve (VO2R);

VPAAbs = vigorous physical activity, absolutely determined intensity: ≥6.0 METs; VPARel = vigorous physical activity, relatively determined intensity: ≥60% VO2R; MVPA = moderate-to-vigorous physical activity combined.

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TABLE 4. Amount of absolute and relative moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity (min/day) by age groups during workdays and days off among women.

Workdays

18-30 y (n = 1148)

mean±SD 55.9±40.0 13.0±12.3 16.0±19.7 9.6±14.1 71.9±50.1 22.6±22.3 95% CI 53.6-58.2 12.3-13.7 14.9-17.1 8.8-10.5 69.0-74.8 21.3-23.9

0 min (%)^a 0.4 7.8 21.1 31.9 0.4 7.5

31-40 y (n = 3087)

mean±SD 34.6±31.0 9.8±10.4 8.1±13.4 6.7±11.2 42.7±38.1 16.4±18.0 95% CI 33.5-35.7 9.4-10.2 7.6-8.5 6.3-7.1 41.3-44.0 15.8-17.1

0 min (%)^a 2.3 11.9 42.0 39.1 2.3 11.7

41-50 y (n = 4512)

mean±SD 24.4±23.7 9.3±10.0 4.4±9.9 5.9±10.5 28.8±28.3 15.2±17.5 95% CI 23.7-25.1 9.0-9.6 4.1-4.7 5.6-6.3 27.9-29.6 14.7-15.7

0 min (%)^a 5.6 12.9 64.1 42.0 5.6 12.7

51-65 y (n = 4276)

mean±SD 19.0±21.2 10.5±12.4 1.6±6.3 6.2±13.9 20.6±23.7 16.8±23.3 95% CI 18.4-19.6 10.2-10.9 1.4-1.8 5.8-6.6 19.9-21.3 16.1-17.5

0 min (%)^a 12.9 13.8 83.6 43.0 12.9 13.6

All (n = 13 023)

mean±SD 27.8±28.6 10.1±11.2 5.4±11.8 6.5±12.2 33.2±35.2 16.7±20.2 95% CI 27.3-28.3 10.0-10.3 5.2-5.6 6.3-6.7 32.6-33.8 16.3-17.0

0 min (%)^a 6.7 12.5 61.5 40.8 6.7 12.3

Days off

18-30 y (n = 1148)

mean±SD 54.2±46.3 12.0±13.9 15.2±21.4 9.3±15.1 69.4±57.9 21.3±24.6 95% CI 51.6-56.9 11.2-12.8 13.9-16.4 8.4-10.2 66.0-72.7 19.8-22.7

0 min (%)^a 1.8 17.2 33.3 42.5 1.8 17.0

31-40 y (n = 3087)

mean±SD 33.5±33.6 9.2±11.7 8.7±16.2 7.3±13.7 42.3±41.7 16.6±21.2 95% CI 32.3-34.7 8.8-9.6 8.2-9.3 6.9-7.8 40.8-43.7 15.8-17.3

0 min (%)^a 6.9 24.6 52.5 52.0 6.9 24.2

41-50 y (n = 4512)

mean±SD 26.0±28.6 9.8±12.7 5.8±14.4 7.6±15.3 31.8±35.3 17.3±23.3 95% CI 25.2-26.9 9.4-10.1 5.4-6.2 7.1-8.0 30.8-32.9 16.7-18.0

0 min (%)^a 11.6 23.8 69.3 52.7 11.6 23.5

51-65 y (n = 4276)

mean±SD 20.6±27.2 10.9±14.8 2.4±9.8 7.4±17.0 23.0±31.5 18.3±27.3 95% CI 19.8-21.5 10.5-11.4 2.1-2.7 6.9-7.9 22.1-23.9 17.5-19.1

0 min (%)^a 21.7 24.4 85.7 53.7 21.7 24.0

All (n = 13 023)

mean±SD 28.5±32.7 10.2±13.3 6.2±14.8 7.6±15.5 34.7±40.4 17.8±24.4 95% CI 28.0-29.1 10.0-10.4 5.9-6.5 7.3-7.9 34.0-35.4 17.4-18.2

0 min (%)^a 13.0 23.6 67.5 52.0 13.0 23.3

Except for VPAAbs vs. VPARel during days off in the group aged 41-50 years, there was a statistically significant difference between absolute and relative intensity physical activity (P < .001, Wilcoxon signed rank test) in all age groups and intensity categories.

There was a statistically significant difference (P < .001, Kruskal-Wallis test) in all intensity categories between age groups.

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TABLE 5. Amount of absolute and relative moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity (min/day) by weight status during workdays and days off among men.

Workdays

Normal weight (n = 3655)

mean±SD 46.6±47.7 8.0±10.1 13.3±17.7 7.0±11.8 59.9±55.0 15.0±18.4 95% CI 45.1-48.2 7.7-8.3 12.7-13.9 6.6-7.3 58.1-61.7 14.4-15.6

0 min (%)^a 1.2 21.3 28.1 46.5 1.2 20.9

Overweight (n = 5024)

mean±SD 38.2±38.1 7.3±10.3 9.5±16.2 6.0±11.7 47.8±45.7 13.3±18.6 95% CI 37.2-39.3 7.0-7.6 9.1-10.0 5.7-6.4 46.5-49.1 12.8-13.8

0 min (%)^a 2.6 24.2 42.7 53.1 2.6 24.0

Obese (n = 1522)

mean±SD 32.2±36.2 7.4±10.6 4.5±10.6 3.8±9.2 36.7±40.5 11.2±16.5 95% CI 30.4-34.0 6.9-8.0 4.0-5.0 3.3-4.2 34.7-38.8 10.4-12.0

0 min (%)^a 7.7 27.5 61.8 61.6 7.7 27.5

All (n = 10 201)

mean±SD 40.4±41.8 7.6±10.3 10.1±16.3 6.0±11.5 50.5±49.2 13.6±18.3 95% CI 39.5-41.2 7.4-7.8 9.8-10.4 5.8-6.2 49.5-51.4 13.2-13.9

0 min (%)^a 2.9 23.7 40.3 52.0 2.9 23.4

Days off

mean±SD 56.6±55.4 10.5±15.0 18.8±28.2 10.6±20.0 75.4±68.0 21.1±29.4 95% CI 54.8-58.4 10.0-11.0 17.8-19.7 10.0-11.3 73.1-77.6 20.1-22.1

0 min (%)^a 2.2 26.6 33.3 51.5 2.1 26.3

mean±SD 47.7±47.7 9.9±14.6 12.5±23.0 8.0±17.1 60.2±58.8 17.9±27.0 95% CI 46.4-49.0 9.5-10.3 11.9-13.2 7.5-8.5 58.6-61.9 17.1-18.6

0 min (%)^a 4.0 28.3 45.3 56.6 4.0 28.0

Obese (n = 1522)

mean±SD 39.4±45.0 10.2±15.1 7.7±18.3 6.6±16.7 47.0±54.7 16.9±27.0 95% CI 37.1-41.6 9.5-11.0 6.7-8.6 4.8-7.5 44.3-49.8 15.5-18.2

0 min (%)^a 8.6 29.2 63.8 62.8 8.6 29.1

All (n = 10 201)

mean±SD 49.6±50.6 10.2±14.8 14.0±24.7 8.7±18.2 63.7±62.4 18.9±27.9 95% CI 48.7-50.6 9.9-10.4 13.6-14.5 8.4-9.1 62.5-64.9 18.3-19.4

0 min (%)^a 4.0 27.8 43.7 55.7 4.0 27.6

Except for VPAAbs vs. VPARel during days off in obese weight status group, there was a statistically significant difference between absolute and relative intensity physical activity (P < .001, Wilcoxon signed rank test) in all weight status groups and intensity categories.

Except for MPARel, there was a statistically significant difference (P < .001, Kruskal-Wallis test) in all activity types between weight status groups.

Normal weight = body mass index 18.5-<25.0 kg/m². Overweight = body mass index 25.0-<30.0 kg/m². Obese = body mass index 30.0-40.0 kg/m².

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TABLE 6. Amount of absolute and relative moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity (min/day) by weight status during workdays and days off among women.

Workdays

mean±SD 34.8±30.9 10.3±10.5 8.4±14.2 7.3±11.9 43.1±38.5 17.6±18.9 95% CI 34.1-35.5 10.0-10.5 8.0-8.7 7.1-7.6 42.4-44.0 17.2-18.1

0 min (%)^a 3.0 11.3 44.1 37.6 3.0 11.1

mean±SD 22.4±24.8 9.0±10.2 2.5±7.7 4.7±9.2 24.9±28.6 14.0±16.7 95% CI 21.6-23.2 8.7-9.4 2.3-2.7 4.4-4.9 24.0-25.8 13.2-14.2

0 min (%)^a 8.8 15.2 76.0 46.4 8.8 14.9

Obese (n = 2103)

mean±SD 14.3±18.5 11.7±14.6 0.6±3.6 7.2±16.8 14.9±19.7 18.9±28.4 95% CI 13.5-15.1 11.1-12.3 0.4-0.7 6.5-7.9 14.0-15.7 17.7-20.1

0 min (%)^a 15.7 11.7 93.2 41.0 15.7 11.4

All (n = 13 023)

mean±SD 27.8±28.6 10.1±11.2 5.4±11.8 6.5±12.2 33.2±35.2 16.7±20.2 95% CI 27.3-28.3 10.0-10.3 5.2-5.6 6.3-6.7 32.6-33.8 16.3-17.0

0 min (%)^a 6.7 12.5 61.5 40.8 6.7 12.3

Days off

mean±SD 35.8±36.0 10.4±13.2 9.8±18.1 9.0±16.2 45.6±45.2 19.4±24.4 95% CI 35.0-36.7 10.1-10.7 9.4-10.2 8.6-9.4 44.6-46.7 18.9-20.0

0 min (%)^a 6.4 21.9 52.7 48.7 6.4 21.5

mean±SD 23.1±27.5 9.4±12.3 2.6±8.7 5.4±12.1 25.8±31.3 14.8±20.6 95% CI 22.3-24.0 9.0-9.8 2.4-2.9 5.0-5.8 24.8-26.8 14.1-15.4

0 min (%)^a 16.9 26.3 79.7 56.6 16.9 26.1

Obese (n = 2103)

mean±SD 13.8±20.7 10.9±15.4 0.6±4.41 7.0±18.1 14.4±22.3 17.9±29.5 95% CI 12.9-14.7 10.2-11.6 0.4-0.8 6.3-7.8 13.4-15.3 16.7-19.2

0 min (%)^a 27.7 24.5 95.2 54.2 27.7 24.1

All (n = 13 023)

mean±SD 28.5±32.7 10.2±13.3 6.2±14.8 7.6±15.5 34.7±40.4 17.8±24.4 95% CI 28.0-29.1 10.0-10.4 5.9-6.5 7.3-7.9 34.0-35.4 17.4-18.2

0 min (%)^a 13.0 23.6 67.5 52.0 13.0 23.3

There was a statistically significant difference between absolute and relative intensity physical activity (P < .001, Wilcoxon signed rank test) in all weight status groups and intensity categories.

There was a statistically significant difference (P < .001, Kruskal-Wallis test) in all activity types between weight status groups.

Normal weight = body mass index 18.5-<25.0 kg/m². Overweight = body mass index 25.0-<30.0 kg/m². Obese = body mass index 30.0-40.0 kg/m².