systematic review of the relationship between group cohesion

By Keigie Salim

11503083

BACHELOR’S DEGREE in

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION - HOTEL AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION AND COMMUNICATION

SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY The Prominence Tower

Jalan Jalur Sutera Barat No. 15, Alam Sutera Tangerang, Banten 15143 – Indonesia

June 2020

Revision after Thesis Defense on 9

^th

July 2020

STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at any educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis.

Keigie Salim

_____________________________________________

Student Date

Approved by:

Munawaroh, S.E., M.M.

_____________________________________________

Thesis Advisor Date

Dr. Nila Krisnawati Hidayat, S.E., M.M

_____________________________________________

Dean Date

ABSTRACT

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GROUP COHESION, EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND EMPLOYEE RETENTION

By Keigie Salim

Munawar, S.E., M.M., Advisor

SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY

Employee turnover is a concern among many firms to retain their skilled and insightful employees that is important for the daily operations of the business. Emotional Intelligence has been debated for its existence and relevance within human resources, social science, and psychology. However, it could be the key in retaining loyal employees by improving their emotional stability while also strengthening work relations within the while also creating a friendly work environment which would ultimately influence their intention to stay within the organization.

This research aims to explore the relationship between emotional intelligence, group cohesion and employee retention by using systematic literature review to compile journals and previous studies with specific keywords which will then be analyzed through tabulation, descriptive synthesis, and narrative synthesis. 30 journals were analyzed and upon reviewing previous research there is a positive relationship between emotional intelligence, group cohesion and employee retention from creating a stable work environment by transmitting positive moods and emotions while also satisfying the psychological needs for sense of belonging and affiliations.

Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Task Cohesion, Employee Retention, Systematic

Review, Social Cohesion

© Copyright 2020 by Keigie Salim All rights reserved

DEDICATION

This research is dedicated for the future of the hospitality industry, for Swiss German

University. I hope that this research would be of some use for future researchers in their

study and research.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I want to express my gratitude and appreciation to God for aiding me by gifting me with strength and fortitude, shielding me from any harm, and guiding me in the shadows. This research would not have existed without God.

My appreciation also extends to my friends who had listened to me intently and had taken their time to fill me with positivity and encouragement that would aid me in completing this research.

My advisor, Miss Munawar, her kindness and heartening words shall not be forgotten. In spite of her ongoing hardship that she has to endure, she still had the time in fulfilling her role as an advisor, that is an admirable and remarkable feat. I sincerely hope that she gets her deserved break that she needs.

To all the lecturers and staffs that I have met from semester one to eight, I thank you all

for your advice and guidance, your endurance and grit of my existence, your sympathy

and compassion. Your words of wisdom gave some purpose to my existence.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Statement by the Author ... 2

Abstract ... 3

Dedication ... 5

Acknowledgment ... 6

List of Figures ... 10

List of Tables ... 11

Chapter 1 - Introduction ... 12

1.1 Background ... 12

1.2 Research Problem ... 16

1.3 Research Questions ... 16

1.4 Research Objectives ... 16

1.5 Scopes and Limitation ... 16

1.6 Significance of Study ... 17

Chapter 2 – Literature Review ... 18

2.1 Current Situation of Hospitality Industry ... 18

2.1.1 Indonesia ... 18

2.2 Framework of Thinking ... 21

2.3 Definition ... 22

2.3.1 Emotional Intelligence ... 22

2.3.2 Emotional Contagion ... 24

2.3.3 Group Cohesion ... 24

2.3.4 Employee Retention and Employee Turnover ... 24

2.3.4.1 Employee Motivation ... 26

2.3.4.2 Employee Commitment ... 28

2.3.4.3 Employee Satisfaction... 29

2.3.5 Hotel Business ... 30

2.4 Previous Studies ... 31

2.5 Study Differences ... 41

2.6 Hypothesis ... 41

2.7 Research Model ... 41

Chapter 3 – Research Methodology ... 42

3.1 Type of Study ... 42

3.2 Unit of Analysis ... 43

3.3 Type of Data Collection Method ... 43

3.3.1 Primary Data ... 43

3.3.2 Secondary Data ... 43

3.4 Variable Operationalization ... 44

3.5 Data Analysis Technique ... 50

3.5.1 Narrative Synthesis ... 50

3.5.2 Textual Description ... 50

3.5.3 Grouping and Clustering ... 50

3.5.4 Tabulation of Journals ... 50

Chapter 4 – Results and Discussion ... 51

4.1 Expert Profile ... 51

4.2 Discussion ... 51

4.2.1 Theory Review ... 51

4.2.2 Is there a relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Group Cohesion? ... 54

4.2.3 Is there a relationship between Group Cohesion and Employee Retention? ... 57

4.2.4 Is there a relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Employee Retention? 60

4.4 Has there been a case where an employee leaves due to experiencing internal work and social conflicts and bad relationship with their supervisor? Was there an intervention involved in every conflict? If there was an intervention, how often was it resolved in a satisfactory level? 64

Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendations ... 66

5.1 Conclusion ... 66

5.2 Recommendation ... 66

5.2.1 Recommendations for Future Research ... 66

5.2.2 Recommendations for Future Managements ... 68

Glossary ... 70

Reference ... 71

Appendix A –Timeframe ... 81

Appendix B – Summary of FGD ... 82

Appendix C Emotional Intelligence & Group Cohesion ... 84

Appendix D Group Cohesion & Employee Retention ... 88

Appendix E Emotional Intelligence and Employee Retention ... 93

Curriculum Vitae………...97

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Organization’s Stance of Emotional Intellgience ... 12

Figure 1.2 Organization’s Empowerment and Risk Tolerant ... 13

Figure 1.3 Annual Employee Turnover Rates in the United States (%) ... 15

Figure 2.1 Indonesia: Distribution of employment by economic sector from 2008 to 2018 ... 18

Figure 2.2 Foreign Tourist Arrivals ... 19

Figure 2.3 Guest Arrivals Trend - Star-Rated Accommodation ... 20

Figure 2.4 Affective Events Theory... 23

Figure 2.5 Hiring is Broken ... 25

Figure 2.6 Comparison of Satisfiers and Dissatisfiers ... 26

Figure 2.7 Average Job Satisfaction Facet ... 29

Figure 2.8 Research Model ... 41

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Previous Study ... 31

Table 3.1- Variable Operationalization ... 44